Author: Marloes Maathuis Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429874235 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 666
Book Description
A graphical model is a statistical model that is represented by a graph. The factorization properties underlying graphical models facilitate tractable computation with multivariate distributions, making the models a valuable tool with a plethora of applications. Furthermore, directed graphical models allow intuitive causal interpretations and have become a cornerstone for causal inference. While there exist a number of excellent books on graphical models, the field has grown so much that individual authors can hardly cover its entire scope. Moreover, the field is interdisciplinary by nature. Through chapters by leading researchers from different areas, this handbook provides a broad and accessible overview of the state of the art. Key features: * Contributions by leading researchers from a range of disciplines * Structured in five parts, covering foundations, computational aspects, statistical inference, causal inference, and applications * Balanced coverage of concepts, theory, methods, examples, and applications * Chapters can be read mostly independently, while cross-references highlight connections The handbook is targeted at a wide audience, including graduate students, applied researchers, and experts in graphical models.
Author: Dmitry Kamenetsky Publisher: ISBN: Category : Graphical modeling (Statistics) Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
The Ising model is an important model in statistical physics, with over 10,000 papers published on the topic. This model assumes binary variables and only local pairwise interactions between neighbouring nodes. Inference for the general Ising model is NP-hard; this includes tasks such as calculating the partition function, finding a lowest-energy (ground) state and computing marginal probabilities. Past approaches have proceeded by working with classes of tractable Ising models, such as Ising models defined on a planar graph. For such models, the partition function and ground state can be computed exactly in polynomial time by establishing a correspondence with perfect matchings in a related graph. In this thesis we continue this line of research. In particular we simplify previous inference algorithms for the planar Ising model. The key to our construction is the complementary correspondence between graph cuts of the model graph and perfect matchings of its expanded dual. We show that our exact algorithms are effective and efficient on a number of real-world machine learning problems. We also investigate heuristic methods for approximating ground states of non-planar Ising models. We show that in this setting our approximative algorithms are superior than current state-of-the-art methods.
Author: Martin J. Wainwright Publisher: Now Publishers Inc ISBN: 1601981848 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
The core of this paper is a general set of variational principles for the problems of computing marginal probabilities and modes, applicable to multivariate statistical models in the exponential family.
Author: Ankur Ankan Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd ISBN: 1784395218 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 284
Book Description
Master probabilistic graphical models by learning through real-world problems and illustrative code examples in Python About This Book Gain in-depth knowledge of Probabilistic Graphical Models Model time-series problems using Dynamic Bayesian Networks A practical guide to help you apply PGMs to real-world problems Who This Book Is For If you are a researcher or a machine learning enthusiast, or are working in the data science field and have a basic idea of Bayesian Learning or Probabilistic Graphical Models, this book will help you to understand the details of Graphical Models and use it in your data science problems. This book will also help you select the appropriate model as well as the appropriate algorithm for your problem. What You Will Learn Get to know the basics of Probability theory and Graph Theory Work with Markov Networks Implement Bayesian Networks Exact Inference Techniques in Graphical Models such as the Variable Elimination Algorithm Understand approximate Inference Techniques in Graphical Models such as Message Passing Algorithms Sample algorithms in Graphical Models Grasp details of Naive Bayes with real-world examples Deploy PGMs using various libraries in Python Gain working details of Hidden Markov Models with real-world examples In Detail Probabilistic Graphical Models is a technique in machine learning that uses the concepts of graph theory to compactly represent and optimally predict values in our data problems. In real world problems, it's often difficult to select the appropriate graphical model as well as the appropriate inference algorithm, which can make a huge difference in computation time and accuracy. Thus, it is crucial to know the working details of these algorithms. This book starts with the basics of probability theory and graph theory, then goes on to discuss various models and inference algorithms. All the different types of models are discussed along with code examples to create and modify them, and also to run different inference algorithms on them. There is a complete chapter devoted to the most widely used networks Naive Bayes Model and Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). These models have been thoroughly discussed using real-world examples. Style and approach An easy-to-follow guide to help you understand Probabilistic Graphical Models using simple examples and numerous code examples, with an emphasis on more widely used models.
Author: Søren Højsgaard Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 146142299X Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
Graphical models in their modern form have been around since the late 1970s and appear today in many areas of the sciences. Along with the ongoing developments of graphical models, a number of different graphical modeling software programs have been written over the years. In recent years many of these software developments have taken place within the R community, either in the form of new packages or by providing an R interface to existing software. This book attempts to give the reader a gentle introduction to graphical modeling using R and the main features of some of these packages. In addition, the book provides examples of how more advanced aspects of graphical modeling can be represented and handled within R. Topics covered in the seven chapters include graphical models for contingency tables, Gaussian and mixed graphical models, Bayesian networks and modeling high dimensional data.
Author: Christian Borgelt Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780470749562 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Graphical models are of increasing importance in applied statistics, and in particular in data mining. Providing a self-contained introduction and overview to learning relational, probabilistic, and possibilistic networks from data, this second edition of Graphical Models is thoroughly updated to include the latest research in this burgeoning field, including a new chapter on visualization. The text provides graduate students, and researchers with all the necessary background material, including modelling under uncertainty, decomposition of distributions, graphical representation of distributions, and applications relating to graphical models and problems for further research.
Author: Daphne Koller Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262258358 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 1270
Book Description
A general framework for constructing and using probabilistic models of complex systems that would enable a computer to use available information for making decisions. Most tasks require a person or an automated system to reason—to reach conclusions based on available information. The framework of probabilistic graphical models, presented in this book, provides a general approach for this task. The approach is model-based, allowing interpretable models to be constructed and then manipulated by reasoning algorithms. These models can also be learned automatically from data, allowing the approach to be used in cases where manually constructing a model is difficult or even impossible. Because uncertainty is an inescapable aspect of most real-world applications, the book focuses on probabilistic models, which make the uncertainty explicit and provide models that are more faithful to reality. Probabilistic Graphical Models discusses a variety of models, spanning Bayesian networks, undirected Markov networks, discrete and continuous models, and extensions to deal with dynamical systems and relational data. For each class of models, the text describes the three fundamental cornerstones: representation, inference, and learning, presenting both basic concepts and advanced techniques. Finally, the book considers the use of the proposed framework for causal reasoning and decision making under uncertainty. The main text in each chapter provides the detailed technical development of the key ideas. Most chapters also include boxes with additional material: skill boxes, which describe techniques; case study boxes, which discuss empirical cases related to the approach described in the text, including applications in computer vision, robotics, natural language understanding, and computational biology; and concept boxes, which present significant concepts drawn from the material in the chapter. Instructors (and readers) can group chapters in various combinations, from core topics to more technically advanced material, to suit their particular needs.
Author: Satyaki Mahalanabis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
"Probabilistic Graphical Models are a popular method of representing complex joint distributions in which stochastic dependence between subsets of random variables is expressed in terms of a graph. In many scenarios, random samples from a graphical model are only partially observed - either only a few random variables may be observed for any sample, or the values of some variables (called hidden variables) are missing from each sample unless explicitly queried. This dissertation considers the following general problem: how to select a small subset of variables to observe for a given sample (called subset selection) or a small subset of samples for which to observe the hidden variables (called sample selection) so as to accurately predict the value of the unobserved variables? We investigate this question for 3 widely-studied classes of graphical models: Gaussian Processes, Ising Models, and Gaussian Mixture Models. We prove that nding an optimal subset selection strategy is NP-hard even for a restricted class of Gaussian Processes, called Gaussian Free Fields (GFF). We give a dynamic programming algorithm for Gaussian Processes on bounded tree-width graphs, which yields a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for the case of GFFs on such graphs. For general Gaussian Processes on bounded tree-width graphs, our algorithm's running time depends polynomially on the condition number of the covariance matrix. We also give a greedy constant-factor approximation algorithm for GFFs on arbitrary graphs. We consider both adaptive and non-adaptive subset selection for Ising Models. For the simple 1-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising Model, we demonstrate that adaptive strategies outperform non-adaptive strategies, and give a simple adaptive strategy whose error is at most a constant times that of the optimal adaptive strategy for the same observation budget. We prove that it is NP-hard to compute an optimal non-adaptive strategy for ferromagnetic Ising Models on general graphs. For mixture models, we dene a 'maximum-a-posteriori' oracle and discuss how it diers from other oracle models. Then we demonstrate the advantage provided by this oracle by giving an algorithm which estimates the parameters of a mixture of high-dimensional spherical Gaussians under a weaker separation condition and more eciently than known unsupervised algorithms"--Leaves iv-v.
Author: Steffen L. Lauritzen Publisher: Clarendon Press ISBN: 019159122X Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
The idea of modelling systems using graph theory has its origin in several scientific areas: in statistical physics (the study of large particle systems), in genetics (studying inheritable properties of natural species), and in interactions in contingency tables. The use of graphical models in statistics has increased considerably over recent years and the theory has been greatly developed and extended. This book provides the first comprehensive and authoritative account of the theory of graphical models and is written by a leading expert in the field. It contains the fundamental graph theory required and a thorough study of Markov properties associated with various type of graphs. The statistical theory of log-linear and graphical models for contingency tables, covariance selection models, and graphical models with mixed discrete-continous variables in developed detail. Special topics, such as the application of graphical models to probabilistic expert systems, are described briefly, and appendices give details of the multivarate normal distribution and of the theory of regular exponential families. The author has recently been awarded the RSS Guy Medal in Silver 1996 for his innovative contributions to statistical theory and practice, and especially for his work on graphical models.
Author: Luis Enrique Sucar Publisher: Springer ISBN: 144716699X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
This accessible text/reference provides a general introduction to probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) from an engineering perspective. The book covers the fundamentals for each of the main classes of PGMs, including representation, inference and learning principles, and reviews real-world applications for each type of model. These applications are drawn from a broad range of disciplines, highlighting the many uses of Bayesian classifiers, hidden Markov models, Bayesian networks, dynamic and temporal Bayesian networks, Markov random fields, influence diagrams, and Markov decision processes. Features: presents a unified framework encompassing all of the main classes of PGMs; describes the practical application of the different techniques; examines the latest developments in the field, covering multidimensional Bayesian classifiers, relational graphical models and causal models; provides exercises, suggestions for further reading, and ideas for research or programming projects at the end of each chapter.
Author: Marloes Maathuis
Author: Dmitry Kamenetsky
Author: Martin J. Wainwright
Author: Ankur Ankan
Author: Søren Højsgaard
Author: Christian Borgelt
Author: Daphne Koller
Author: Satyaki Mahalanabis
Author: Steffen L. Lauritzen
Author: Luis Enrique Sucar