Ionization Curves for Secondary Ions in Mass-spectrometer Ion Sources PDF Download
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Author: U. Lauterbach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Deuterium Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
An automatic version of the R.P.D. (Retarding Potential Difference) method was developed for obtaining digital ionization curves of secondary ions by using counting techniques and a multi-channel analyzer. The application of an indirectly heated sintered Nickel cathode yielded ca. 40 percent of the total electron current within an energy range of 0.1 eV. The R.P.D. ion source in connection with the automation circuit and a conventional mass spectrometer were used to investigate the formation of KrD(+) ions in Kr-D2 mixtures. It is shown that besides the well known reaction Kr(+) + D2 yields KrD(+) + D the complementary reaction D2(+) + Kr yields KrD(+) + D contributes considerably to the KrD(+) yield. A rather small contribution of the neutral reaction Kr(*) + D2 yields KrD(+) + D + e( - ), found earlier by Hotop, could be confirmed. Strong evidence was found for the existence of a reaction path D2(*) + Kr yields KrD(+) + D + e( - ) by longlived exited states of D2 above the first ionization limit of D2.
Author: U. Lauterbach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Deuterium Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
An automatic version of the R.P.D. (Retarding Potential Difference) method was developed for obtaining digital ionization curves of secondary ions by using counting techniques and a multi-channel analyzer. The application of an indirectly heated sintered Nickel cathode yielded ca. 40 percent of the total electron current within an energy range of 0.1 eV. The R.P.D. ion source in connection with the automation circuit and a conventional mass spectrometer were used to investigate the formation of KrD(+) ions in Kr-D2 mixtures. It is shown that besides the well known reaction Kr(+) + D2 yields KrD(+) + D the complementary reaction D2(+) + Kr yields KrD(+) + D contributes considerably to the KrD(+) yield. A rather small contribution of the neutral reaction Kr(*) + D2 yields KrD(+) + D + e( - ), found earlier by Hotop, could be confirmed. Strong evidence was found for the existence of a reaction path D2(*) + Kr yields KrD(+) + D + e( - ) by longlived exited states of D2 above the first ionization limit of D2.
Author: J. C. Vickerman Publisher: IM Publications ISBN: 1906715173 Category : Mass spectrometry Languages : en Pages : 742
Book Description
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is the most versatile of the surface analysis techniques that have been developed during the last 30 years. This is the Second Edition of the first book ToF-SIMS: Surface analysis by Mass Spectrometry to be dedicated to the subject and the treatment is comprehensive
Author: Mynard Hamming Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323143148 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 709
Book Description
Interpretation of Mass Spectra of Organic Compounds outlines the basic instrumentation, sample handling techniques, and procedures used in the interpretation of mass spectra of organic compounds. The fundamental concepts of ionization, fragmentation, and rearrangement of ions as found in mass spectra are covered in some detail, along with the rectangular array and interpretation maps. Computerization of mass spectral data is also discussed. This book consists of nine chapters and begins with a historical overview of mass spectrometry and a discussion on some important developments in the field, along with a summary of interpretation objectives and methods. The following chapters focus on instruments, ion sources, and detectors; recording of the mass spectrum and the instrumental and sample variables affecting the mass spectrum; sample introduction systems; and fragmentation reactions. Correlations as applied to interpretations are also considered, with emphasis on applications of the branching rule as well as beta-bond and alpha-bond cleavages. Example interpretations, calculations, data-processing procedures, and computer programs are included. This monograph is intended for organic chemists, biochemists, mass spectroscopists, technicians, managers, and others concerned with the whys and wherefores of mass spectrometry.
Author: Alex. G. Harrison Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849342547 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
The only comprehensive guide to CIMS applications in structural elucidation and analytical studies Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition, provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of CIMS applications in structural elucidation and quantitative analytical studies. For the benefit of readers without a background in gaseous ion chemistry, a thorough review is presented in Chapter 2. Other chapters discuss such topics as reagent ion systems within the context of the thermochemistry and kinetics of the ionization process, including reactions and the type of information obtained; isotopic exchange reactions; stereochemical effects in chemical ionization; and reactive ion/molecule collisions in quadrupole cells. Chemical ionization mass spectra of 13 classes of compounds are discussed in detail to illustrate the influence of different functional groups on the spectra observed. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry, 2nd Edition will be a valuable reference for anyone interested in mass spectrometry and gaseous ion chemistry in general.
Author: Nader Rifai Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128160640 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is a concise resource for quick implementation of mass spectrometry methods in clinical laboratory work. Focusing on the practical use of these techniques, the first half of the book covers principles of chromatographic separations, principles and types of mass spectrometers, and sample preparation for analysis; the second half outlines the main applications of this technology within clinical laboratory settings, including determination of small molecules and peptides, as well as pathogen identification. A thorough yet succinct guide to using mass spectrometry technology in the clinical laboratory, Principles and Applications of Clinical Mass Spectrometry: Small Molecules, Peptides, and Pathogens is an essential resource for chemists, pharmaceutical and biotech researchers, certain government agencies, and standardization groups. - Provides concrete examples of the main applications of mass spectrometry technology - Describes current capabilities of the LC- and MS-based analytical methods - Details methods for successful analytical work in the field
Author: Edmond de Hoffmann Publisher: Wiley ISBN: 9780471485650 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
Offers a complete overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern mass spectrometry in this introductory textbook. Following on from the highly successful first edition, this edition is extensively updated including new techniques and applications. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry are clearly and concisely described; sources, analysers and detectors. * Revised and updated * Numerous examples and illustrations are combined with a series of exercises to help encourage student understanding * Includes biological applications, which have been significantly expanded and updated * Also includes coverage of ESI and MALDI
Author: Jeroen Kool Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527334645 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
This monograph reviews all relevant technologies based on mass spectrometry that are used to study or screen biological interactions in general. Arranged in three parts, the text begins by reviewing techniques nowadays almost considered classical, such as affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration, as well as the latest techniques. The second part focusses on all MS-based methods for the study of interactions of proteins with all classes of biomolecules. Besides pull down-based approaches, this section also emphasizes the use of ion mobility MS, capture-compound approaches, chemical proteomics and interactomics. The third and final part discusses other important technologies frequently employed in interaction studies, such as biosensors and microarrays. For pharmaceutical, analytical, protein, environmental and biochemists, as well as those working in pharmaceutical and analytical laboratories.
Author: R. M. Elliott Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483149447 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 647
Book Description
Advances in Mass Spectrometry, Volume 2 documents the proceedings of a conference on mass spectrometry held in Oxford in September 1961. This compilation is categorized into six major topics — mass spectrometry in research; mass spectrometry of inorganic compounds; instruments and techniques; theory and correlation of mass spectra; mass spectra and analysis; and ionization and dissociation. Under these major topics, parts of the papers discussed include field ionization mass spectroscopy; initial kinetic energy discrimination effects in crossed-field ion sources; mass spectrometric study of CaO and Ta; and spark source mass spectrometry as an analytical technique. The book also covers discussions on initial energy of hydrocarbon fragment ions; determination of the structure of alkaloids by mass spectrometry; and application of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer to the examination of ion-molecule interactions. This volume is a useful reference to students and researchers conducting work on mass spectrometry.
Author: Bernhard Wolf Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849325021 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 558
Book Description
The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application. The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources. The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies. Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized. The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.
Author: U. Lauterbach
Author: U. Lauterbach
Author: J. C. Vickerman
Author: 
Author: Mynard Hamming
Author: Alex. G. Harrison
Author: Nader Rifai
Author: Edmond de Hoffmann
Author: Jeroen Kool
Author: R. M. Elliott
Author: Bernhard Wolf