Investigations of Global Chemistry-climate Interactions and Organic Aerosol Using Atmospheric Modeling PDF Download

Author: Havala Olson Taylor Pye
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Aerosol, or particulate matter (PM), is an important component of the atmosphere responsible for negative health impacts, environmental degradation, reductions in visibility, and climate change. In this work, the global chemical transport model, GEOS-Chem, is used as a tool to examine chemistry-climate interactions and organic aerosols. GEOS-Chem is used to simulate present-day (year 2000) and future (year 2050) sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium aerosols and investigate the potential effects of changes in climate and emissions on global budgets and U.S. air quality. Changes in a number of meteorological parameters, such as temperature and precipitation, are potentially important for aerosols and could lead to increases or decreases in PM concentrations. Although projected changes in sulfate and nitrate precursor emissions favor lower PM concentrations over the U.S., projected increases in ammonia emissions could result in higher nitrate concentrations. The organic aerosol simulation in GEOS-Chem is updated to include aerosol from primary semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCS), intermediate volatility compounds (IVOCs), NOx dependent terpene aerosol, and aerosol from isoprene + NO3 reaction. SVOCs are identified as the largest global source of organic aerosol even though their atmospheric transformation is highly uncertain and emissions are probably underestimated. As a result of significant nighttime terpene emissions, fast reaction of monoterpenes with the nitrate radical, and high aerosol yields from NO3 oxidation, biogenic hydrocarbons reacting with the nitrate radical are expected to be a major contributor to surface level aerosol concentrations in anthropogenically influenced areas such as the United States. Globally, 69 to 88 Tg/yr of aerosol is predicted to be produced annually, approximately 22 to 24 Tg/yr of which is from biogenic hydrocarbons.

Author: Ken S. Carslaw
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128231726
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 856

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Book Description
The ever-diversifying field of aerosol effects on climate is comprehensively presented here, describing the strong connection between fundamental research and model applications in a way that will allow both experienced researchers and those new to the field to gain an understanding of a wide range of topics. The material is consistently presented at three levels for each topic: (i) an accessible "quick read" of the essentials, (ii) a more detailed description, and (iii) a section dedicated to how the processes are handled in models. The modelling section in each chapter summarizes the current level of knowledge and what the gaps in this understanding mean for the effects of aerosols on climate, enabling readers to quickly understand how new research fits into established knowledge. Definitions, case studies, reference data, and examples are included throughout. Aerosols and Climate is a vital resource for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, senior researchers, and lecturers in departments of atmospheric science, meteorology, engineering, and environment. It will also be of interest to those working in operational centers and policy-facing organizations, providing strong reference material on the current state of knowledge. Includes a section in each chapter that focuses on the treatment of relevant aerosol processes in climate models Provides clear exposition of the challenges in understanding and reducing persistent gaps in knowledge and uncertainties in the field of aerosol-climate interaction, going beyond the fundamentals and existing knowledge Authored by experts in modeling and aerosol processes, analysis or observations to ensure accessibility and balance

Author: Yue Zhang
Publisher: American Chemical Society
ISBN: 0841299293
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Book Description
The uncertainties in the aerosol effects on radiative forcing limit our knowledge of climate change, presenting us with an important research challenge. Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry introduces basic concepts about the characterization, formation, and impacts of ambient aerosol particles as an introduction to graduate students new to the field. Each chapter also provides an up-to-date synopsis of the latest knowledge of aerosol particles in atmospheric chemistry.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309445655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Book Description
Our world is changing at an accelerating rate. The global human population has grown from 6.1 billion to 7.1 billion in the last 15 years and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the century. The distribution of humans across the globe has also shifted, with more than 50 percent of the global population now living in urban areas, compared to 29 percent in 1950. Along with these trends, increasing energy demands, expanding industrial activities, and intensification of agricultural activities worldwide have in turn led to changes in emissions that have altered the composition of the atmosphere. These changes have led to major challenges for society, including deleterious impacts on climate, human and ecosystem health. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing society today. Air pollution is a major threat to human health, as one out of eight deaths globally is caused by air pollution. And, future food production and global food security are vulnerable to both global change and air pollution. Atmospheric chemistry research is a key part of understanding and responding to these challenges. The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research: Remembering Yesterday, Understanding Today, Anticipating Tomorrow summarizes the rationale and need for supporting a comprehensive U.S. research program in atmospheric chemistry; comments on the broad trends in laboratory, field, satellite, and modeling studies of atmospheric chemistry; determines the priority areas of research for advancing the basic science of atmospheric chemistry; and identifies the highest priority needs for improvements in the research infrastructure to address those priority research topics. This report describes the scientific advances over the past decade in six core areas of atmospheric chemistry: emissions, chemical transformation, oxidants, atmospheric dynamics and circulation, aerosol particles and clouds, and biogeochemical cycles and deposition. This material was developed for the NSF's Atmospheric Chemistry Program; however, the findings will be of interest to other agencies and programs that support atmospheric chemistry research.

Author: Meng Gao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128203951
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302

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Book Description
Air Pollution, Climate and Health integrates the current understanding of the issues of air pollution, climate change and human health. The book provides a comprehensive overview of these issues to help readers gain a better understanding of how they interact and impact air quality and public health. Regional examples from across the globe include issues related to PM 2.5, haze, winter pollution, heat related mortality and aerosols. These issues are addressed utilizing current research and laboratory-based, observation-based, and modeling-based analysis. This is an essential resource for all professionals investigating the impacts of climate change or air pollution on human health. Provides a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between climate change, air quality and human health Includes evidence-based findings to help clarify the mechanisms on how air pollution impacts climate and how a changing climate is impacting those pollutants Covers a number of pollution sources and products impacting climate change, including energy, haze, particulate matter, aerosols, PM 2.5 and transport

Author: Yuan Wang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662471752
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Book Description
The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.

Author: Sam James Silva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 191

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Book Description
The interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere are an important controlling factor for regional to global atmospheric chemistry and composition. This ultimately has wide impacts on issues like air quality and climate change. However, there are still substantial uncertainties in the biosphere-atmosphere interaction processes that drive the global abundance and variability of many critically important atmospheric constituents, including ozone, aerosol, and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). This thesis aims to address these uncertainties through a multifaceted approach, combining theory and data-driven models with observations. The scope of the research completed herein is introduced and described in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 is a case study of biosphere atmosphere interactions where the air quality impact of large-scale agricultural deforestation in Southeast Asia is investigating using global models. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on research toward improving model estimates of dry deposition, a process by which vegetation functions as a sink for atmospheric aerosol and reactive gas species. Chapter 3 constrains theoretical estimates of global dry deposition through comparison to a large suite of observations, in order to provide a detailed assessment of current theory. Chapter 4 develops a data-driven model for this process using "deep learning", an artificial intelligence-based regression method. This data-driven approach is nearly an order of magnitude more accurate than current theoretically based models. Chapter 5 focuses on assessing simulated impacts of biosphere-atmosphere interactions on atmospheric chemistry. Satellite observations of formaldehyde and glyoxal were used to constrain the chemical transformations relevant for VOC chemistry globally. In the final project, in Chapter 6, an improved representation of plant canopy processes for use in atmospheric chemistry simulations is developed, and its performance is assessed. Finally, Chapter 7 summarizes the work completed in this thesis.

Author: Kalliat T Valsaraj
Publisher: American Chemical Society
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Book Description
This book describes the characteristics of atmospheric aerosols, the chemistry of aerosols, and the interplay between aerosol modeling and global climate changes. This book helps to understand nature of aerosols and their role in the atmosphere.

Author:
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783798511279
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description
Atmospheric Chemistry has been a rapidly growing field with a recent focus on the major aspects of global environmental change, including stratospheric ozone depletion, UV-B change, and global warming. This book describes recent developments in our understanding of the global aspects of the chemistry in the main parts of the atmosphere, troposphere, and stratosphere, as obtained from field observations, laboratory investigations, and modeling studies. Although this chemistry is largely driven by reactions between gas phase species, recent progress made in the understanding of chemical reactions occuring in clouds and on the surface of aerosols is also reported.

Author: François Dulac
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030823857
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 622

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Book Description
This two-volume set provides an extensive review of the abundant past and recent literature on the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean region. The books document the experience gained on the atmospheric composition over the Mediterranean basin and close areas after six decades of research, starting from early studies of radioactive aerosol fallouts and intense desert dust events in the 1960s, followed by studies of aerosols collected during oceanographic cruises in the early 1980s, and including subsequent knowledge from various surface monitoring stations, intensive campaigns, satellite climatologies, laboratory studies, as well as chemistry-transport and climate models. Through ten thematic sections, the authors examine the sources and fates of atmospheric pollutants over the Mediterranean basin and what we know about the main impacts of the regional atmospheric chemistry. This overview not only considers the full regional cycle of both aerosol and reactive gases including emissions, transport, transformations, and sinks, but also addresses their major impacts on air quality and health, on the radiative budget and climate, on marine chemistry and biogeochemistry . The volumes are an initiative from the ChArMEx project that has federated many studies on those topics in the 2010-2020decade, and update the scientific knowledge by integrating the ChArMEx and non-ChArMEx literature. The books are contributed by a large pool of well-known authors from the respective fields, mainly from France and Greece, but also from six other Mediterranean and eight non-Mediterranean countries. All Chapters have been peer-reviewed by international scientific experts in the corresponding domains. Volume 2 focuses on emissions and their sources, recent progress on chemical processes, aerosol properties, atmospheric deposition, and the impacts of air pollution on human health, regional climate and ecosystems. Recommendations for future research in these fields are finally proposed. The targeted audience is the academic community working on atmospheric chemistry and its impacts, especially teams having a special interest in the Mediterranean region, which includes many countries and institutes worldwide.