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Author: Taryn Elizabeth Black Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Glacier retreat and mass loss are contributing to global sea-level rise and environmental change. One method to improve our understanding of how glaciers affect local and global environments is to measure historical and ongoing glacier retreat. In this dissertation, I use satellite images to measure glacier terminus change in Greenland and Alaska. In both regions, I quantify glacier retreat and advance on time scales ranging from seasons to decades.In northwest and central-west Greenland, I investigate multi-decadal outlet glacier retreat and its potential driving mechanisms from 1972 through 2021. Over this time period, glaciers in this region of Greenland represented nearly half of Greenland's total contribution to sea-level rise. I show that regional glacier retreat accelerated from 1996, and that this retreat is most sensitive to runoff and ocean temperatures. Because runoff and ocean temperatures can influence terminus positions through several mechanisms, it is likely that multiple mechanisms are contributing to the observed retreat in this region. I also examine multi-decadal glacier retreat, as well as seasonal terminus variations, for maritime glaciers in Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, from 1984 through 2021. I show that most glaciers retreated substantially, and those that did not were predominantly tidewater. Seasonally, tidewater, lake-terminating, and land-terminating glaciers all tended to retreat during the summer; in the winter, tidewater glaciers tended to advance, while lake-terminating glaciers continued to retreat, and land-terminating glaciers were more variable. Glacier change in Kenai Fjords National Park is driving changes in landcover and viewscapes, which affects local ecosystems and ecotourism. Finally, I characterize seasonal terminus variations around the full margin of Greenland at monthly and six-day temporal resolution. I show that nearly 75% of outlet glaciers exhibit terminus position seasonality, with seasonal retreat typically beginning in mid-May and continuing through early October. The onset and duration of the retreat period appears to be related to the timing of the onset of melt, while the magnitude of terminus position seasonality correlates with glacier velocity. Glacier dynamics are influenced by conditions at the terminus, and terminus position seasonality can affect projections of future ice-sheet mass balance.
Author: Taryn Elizabeth Black Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Glacier retreat and mass loss are contributing to global sea-level rise and environmental change. One method to improve our understanding of how glaciers affect local and global environments is to measure historical and ongoing glacier retreat. In this dissertation, I use satellite images to measure glacier terminus change in Greenland and Alaska. In both regions, I quantify glacier retreat and advance on time scales ranging from seasons to decades.In northwest and central-west Greenland, I investigate multi-decadal outlet glacier retreat and its potential driving mechanisms from 1972 through 2021. Over this time period, glaciers in this region of Greenland represented nearly half of Greenland's total contribution to sea-level rise. I show that regional glacier retreat accelerated from 1996, and that this retreat is most sensitive to runoff and ocean temperatures. Because runoff and ocean temperatures can influence terminus positions through several mechanisms, it is likely that multiple mechanisms are contributing to the observed retreat in this region. I also examine multi-decadal glacier retreat, as well as seasonal terminus variations, for maritime glaciers in Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska, from 1984 through 2021. I show that most glaciers retreated substantially, and those that did not were predominantly tidewater. Seasonally, tidewater, lake-terminating, and land-terminating glaciers all tended to retreat during the summer; in the winter, tidewater glaciers tended to advance, while lake-terminating glaciers continued to retreat, and land-terminating glaciers were more variable. Glacier change in Kenai Fjords National Park is driving changes in landcover and viewscapes, which affects local ecosystems and ecotourism. Finally, I characterize seasonal terminus variations around the full margin of Greenland at monthly and six-day temporal resolution. I show that nearly 75% of outlet glaciers exhibit terminus position seasonality, with seasonal retreat typically beginning in mid-May and continuing through early October. The onset and duration of the retreat period appears to be related to the timing of the onset of melt, while the magnitude of terminus position seasonality correlates with glacier velocity. Glacier dynamics are influenced by conditions at the terminus, and terminus position seasonality can affect projections of future ice-sheet mass balance.
Author: Luke Copland Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9402411011 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
This book provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of Arctic ice shelves, ice islands and related features. Ice shelves are permanent areas of ice which float on the ocean surface while attached to the coast, and typically occur in very cold environments where perennial sea ice builds up to great thickness, and/or where glaciers flow off the land and are preserved on the ocean surface. These landscape features are relatively poorly studied in the Arctic, yet they are potentially highly sensitive indicators of climate change because they respond to changes in atmospheric, oceanic and glaciological conditions. Recent fracturing and breakup events of ice shelves in the Canadian High Arctic have attracted significant scientific and public attention, and produced large ice islands which may pose a risk to Arctic shipping and offshore infrastructure. Much has been published about Antarctic ice shelves, but to date there has not been a dedicated book about Arctic ice shelves or ice islands. This book fills that gap.
Author: Jeffrey S. Kargel Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540798188 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 936
Book Description
An international team of over 150 experts provide up-to-date satellite imaging and quantitative analysis of the state and dynamics of the glaciers around the world, and they provide an in-depth review of analysis methodologies. Includes an e-published supplement. Global Land Ice Measurements from Space - Satellite Multispectral Imaging of Glaciers (GLIMS book for short) is the leading state-of-the-art technical and interpretive presentation of satellite image data and analysis of the changing state of the world's glaciers. The book is the most definitive, comprehensive product of a global glacier remote sensing consortium, Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS, http://www.glims.org). With 33 chapters and a companion e-supplement, the world's foremost experts in satellite image analysis of glaciers analyze the current state and recent and possible future changes of glaciers across the globe and interpret these findings for policy planners. Climate change is with us for some time to come, and its impacts are being felt by the world's population. The GLIMS Book, to be released about the same time as the IPCC's 5th Assessment report on global climate warming, buttresses and adds rich details and authority to the global change community's understanding of climate change impacts on the cryosphere. This will be a definitive and technically complete reference for experts and students examining the responses of glaciers to climate change. World experts demonstrate that glaciers are changing in response to the ongoing climatic upheaval in addition to other factors that pertain to the circumstances of individual glaciers. The global mosaic of glacier changes is documented by quantitative analyses and are placed into a perspective of causative factors. Starting with a Foreword, Preface, and Introduction, the GLIMS book gives the rationale for and history of glacier monitoring and satellite data analysis. It includes a comprehensive set of six "how-to" methodology chapters, twenty-five chapters detailing regional glacier state and dynamical changes, and an in-depth summary and interpretation chapter placing the observed glacier changes into a global context of the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system. An accompanying e-supplement will include oversize imagery and other other highly visual renderings of scientific data.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309261015 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity.
Author: Michael J. Hambrey Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315355825 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
Considering that glaciers and ice sheets cover about 10% of the Earth’s land surface in a world where human civilization is increasingly impacted by the effects of changing glacial activity, Colour Atlas of Glacial Phenomena presents itself as an indispensable guide for students, professionals, and researchers who want to be better informed while studying and tracking the future influences of glaciers and ice sheets on the global environment. While stressing both the beauty and utility of glaciers, the authors cover critical features of glaciers and their landforms and provide useful explanations of the key concepts in glaciology and glacial geology. The authors expand to demonstrate how our lives are influenced by the Cryosphere, a key component of the Earth system and how this heightens the vulnerability of glaciers and ice sheets to deterioration. This illustrated book also helpfully maps out regions of mountain glaciers and ice caps around the world for a practical reference and discusses the products of glacial erosion and deposition integral to understanding rising global sea levels.
Author: Rob Young Publisher: Geological Society of America ISBN: 0813760321 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
"Geologic Monitoring is a practical, nontechnical guide for land managers, educators, and the public that synthesizes representative methods for monitoring short-term and long-term change in geologic features and landscapes. A prestigious group of subject-matter experts has carefully selected methods for monitoring sand dunes, caves and karst, rivers, geothermal features, glaciers, nearshore marine features, beaches and marshes, paleontological resources, permafrost, seismic activity, slope movements, and volcanic features and processes. Each chapter has an overview of the resource; summarizes features that could be monitored; describes methods for monitoring each feature ranging from low-cost, low-technology methods (that could be used for school groups) to higher cost, detailed monitoring methods requiring a high level of expertise; and presents one or more targeted case studies."--Publisher's description.
Author: Committee on Himalayan Glaciers, Hydrology, Climate Change, and Implications for Water Security Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030926099X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity.
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108492703 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Author: Taryn Elizabeth Black
Author: Taryn Elizabeth Black
Author: Luke Copland
Author: Jeffrey S. Kargel
Author: National Research Council
Author: Michael J. Hambrey
Author: Michael Patrick Julian Schwitter
Author: Rob Young
Author: Committee on Himalayan Glaciers, Hydrology, Climate Change, and Implications for Water Security
Author: Georg Kaser
Author: Carlos R. Mechoso