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Author: BF. Scott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cold weather tests Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
In large ponds, two test oil spills using crude oil were made near Ottawa during the winter of 1972 through 1973. The first spill was carried out on water under ice-forming conditions, and the second was carried out on ice. While these spills were allowed to age naturally, the weather parameters of precipitation, wind speed, temperature, and light were monitored. The results of the monitoring were then correlated with the composition of the residues of the spills. In addition, the effects of precipitation and wind were correlated with the behavior and movement of the oil in the ponds.
Author: BF. Scott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cold weather tests Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
In large ponds, two test oil spills using crude oil were made near Ottawa during the winter of 1972 through 1973. The first spill was carried out on water under ice-forming conditions, and the second was carried out on ice. While these spills were allowed to age naturally, the weather parameters of precipitation, wind speed, temperature, and light were monitored. The results of the monitoring were then correlated with the composition of the residues of the spills. In addition, the effects of precipitation and wind were correlated with the behavior and movement of the oil in the ponds.
Author: Joachim Johnson Awaka-ama Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The exploration, production, transportation and refining of petroleum often pose great technical and environmental challenges to the oil and gas industry. It is therefore extremely important to reliably predict and control fluid behaviour, in order to optimize production cost and for purposes of potential environmental pollution in the oil and gas operational activities. The investigations in this work focuses upon North Sea crude oils. In view of the fact that the North Sea crude oils are derived from the same source rock (Kimmeridge), they would be expected to have the same chemistry, but however, they tend to behave differently. The objectives of the research were to develop a better understanding of the effect of temperature and time on evaporation rate and its role in modifying the rate of weathering of North Sea crude oils on seawater. In this research, the chemistry of the oils was investigated to see the relationship to their emulsification behaviour. In the first part of this thesis, the weathering behaviour of four North Sea crude oils were investigated, in particular the evaporation, using a novel evaporation method. It was observed that the rate of evaporation varied between the North Sea oils. Evaporation of emulsified oil differed to unemulsified oil. North Sea crude oils of different states of weathering were emulsified and their viscosities and water contents measured. The four oils produced emulsion types of different viscosities and states of stability. The effects of degree of weathering of oils on emulsion states were assessed. The chemistry of the four North Sea crudes was investigated using a range of analytical techniques. The oils were fractionated by SARA analysis to produce saturates, aliphatic, resins and asphaltene fractions, prior to chemical analyses, using a range of analytical techniques (The crude oils were fractionated and the fractions analyzed for their chemical compositions). The compositions of the four crude oils differed to one another. From these analyses, a number of parameters were selected to characterize the oils. These were polarity, aromaticity and alkyl side chain. These data were used in a modeling study. The asphaltenes from the North Sea crudes investigated were substituted into both synthetic and model oils to study the effect on emulsification. It was observed that the asphaltenes had an effect on the emulsification behaviour. The behavior of modeled asphaltene structures based on the chemical characterization data was found to correlate with the emulsification behavior of the North Sea crudes investigated.
Author: John W. Frankenfeld Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
A study was conducted to trace the fate of petroleum products discharged in the marine environment and to determine the magnitude of the more important weathering variables on the physical and chemical changes which occur. Six carefully selected oils, four crudes, a heavy and a light fuel oil, were weathered under controlled, laboratory conditions in specially designed simulators and under 'real marine' conditions. The progress of weathering was monitored by measuring such physical changes as average boiling points (evaporation rates) and the increase in specific gravity. The effects of weathering parameters on chemical changes in both the floating oil slick and in the aqueous phase below the slick were also measured. The environmental variables investigated included air and water temperature, water wash rate, effects of salinity, effects of air movement and UV light as well as weathering time (up to four months). (Author).
Author: Emilien Pelletier Publisher: ISBN: Category : Corexit (Trademark) Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
As long-term, open-sea tests on oil weathering could be difficult and experiments in ice in the field even impossible to manage, chose to develop low-cost simulation tank with which to study long-term fate & behaviour of crude oil under severe weather conditions & also in presence of ice cover. Prototype was protected outdoor tank with surface of sea-water exposed to natural weather conditions but water column protected from extreme temperature variations. Design included conical bottom, sediment trap, deck & small instrument room. Report gives full description of prototype, mesoscale simulator & describes results of 3 experiments using chemically dispersed (Corexit 9527) crude oil.
Author: P. A. Tebeau Publisher: ISBN: Category : Oil pollution of the sea Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
A laboratory scale experiment was conducted at the Coast Guard R & D Center during the winter 1979/1980 and winter 1980/1981 seasons to simulate the weathering of oil under Arctic conditions. The experiment consisted of weathering four types of oil (No. s heating oil, Prudhoe Bay crude oil, No. 4 fuel oil, and No. 6 fuel oil) in open boxes under environmental conditions of periods of up to a month. Samples were collected at various intervals for physical and chemical properties analysis. The experiment focused on evaporation as the primary weathering process in the Arctic. Environmental conditions (temperature and wind speed) were monitored continuously to allow calculation of evaporative exposure. Data analysis consisted of plotting the various physical and chemical parameters (density, viscosity, solubility, etc.), against evaporative exposure, to study the quantiative dependence of the physical and chemical properties on evaporation. The results indicate a well-defined functional dependence of several important physical properties on evaporation. This has led to separate study by the University of Toronto to develop a simplified evaporation model. The results also identified two specific areas where further research is required; namely, the emulsification of oil and the combustion of oil under Arctic conditions.
Author: BF. Scott
Author: BF. Scott
Author: M. H. Feldman
Author: Joachim Johnson Awaka-ama
Author: John W. Frankenfeld
Author: Emilien Pelletier
Author: 
Author: P. A. Tebeau
Author: 
Author: M Walker
Author: Donald Mackay