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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Chiral magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of exotic spin configurations that are incommensurate with the underlying crystal lattice and their formation results from the competition of ferromagnetic exchange interactions and weaker Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spin-orbit interactions. One recently revealed configuration for the B20-structure type, known as a "skyrmion," is a topologically non-trivial vortex-like magnetic domain. Skyrmion domains have become of great interest for applications in future magnetic memory storage devices since they can be manipulated as particle-like entities with remarkably low electrical currents. A major question is how the formation and current-induced dynamics of skyrmion domains are affected by the nanoscale dimensions required for such applications, and we have developed several characterization techniques to address the electrical and magnetic properties of the two silicide nanowire systems, MnSi and Fe1-xCoxSi that both have the B20-structure type. We have first observed skyrmion domains in a focus ion-beam thinned MnSi nanowire specimen using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, and we identified that the skyrmion lattice phase is stable under small applied magnetic fields between the temperatures of 6 K and 35 K. We then developed a novel Hall effect measurement method for nanowires that we used to identify the topological Hall effect which is the electrical signature of magnetic skyrmion domains. These topological Hall effect measurements reveal that the skyrmion phase is stable in pristine MnSi nanowires between 15 K and 35 K which is a significantly larger temperature window compared to the skyrmion lattice in bulk MnSi crystals (only observed between 27 K and 29.5 K). Finally, we have measured the spin polarization of conduction electrons (which can have a significant impact on the magnitude of the topological Hall effect) in Fe1-xCoxSi nanowires using Andreev reflection spectroscopy implemented with a superconducting heterojunction.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Chiral magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of exotic spin configurations that are incommensurate with the underlying crystal lattice and their formation results from the competition of ferromagnetic exchange interactions and weaker Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spin-orbit interactions. One recently revealed configuration for the B20-structure type, known as a "skyrmion," is a topologically non-trivial vortex-like magnetic domain. Skyrmion domains have become of great interest for applications in future magnetic memory storage devices since they can be manipulated as particle-like entities with remarkably low electrical currents. A major question is how the formation and current-induced dynamics of skyrmion domains are affected by the nanoscale dimensions required for such applications, and we have developed several characterization techniques to address the electrical and magnetic properties of the two silicide nanowire systems, MnSi and Fe1-xCoxSi that both have the B20-structure type. We have first observed skyrmion domains in a focus ion-beam thinned MnSi nanowire specimen using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, and we identified that the skyrmion lattice phase is stable under small applied magnetic fields between the temperatures of 6 K and 35 K. We then developed a novel Hall effect measurement method for nanowires that we used to identify the topological Hall effect which is the electrical signature of magnetic skyrmion domains. These topological Hall effect measurements reveal that the skyrmion phase is stable in pristine MnSi nanowires between 15 K and 35 K which is a significantly larger temperature window compared to the skyrmion lattice in bulk MnSi crystals (only observed between 27 K and 29.5 K). Finally, we have measured the spin polarization of conduction electrons (which can have a significant impact on the magnitude of the topological Hall effect) in Fe1-xCoxSi nanowires using Andreev reflection spectroscopy implemented with a superconducting heterojunction.
Author: Zongyu Huang Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000562840 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
Monoelemental 2D materials called Xenes have a graphene-like structure, intra-layer covalent bond, and weak van der Waals forces between layers. Materials composed of different groups of elements have different structures and rich properties, making Xenes materials a potential candidate for the next generation of 2D materials. 2D Monoelemental Materials (Xenes) and Related Technologies: Beyond Graphene describes the structure, properties, and applications of Xenes by classification and section. The first section covers the structure and classification of single-element 2D materials, according to the different main groups of monoelemental materials of different components and includes the properties and applications with detailed description. The second section discusses the structure, properties, and applications of advanced 2D Xenes materials, which are composed of heterogeneous structures, produced by defects, and regulated by the field. Features include: Systematically detailed single element materials according to the main groups of the constituent elements Classification of the most effective and widely studied 2D Xenes materials Expounding upon changes in properties and improvements in applications by different regulation mechanisms Discussion of the significance of 2D single-element materials where structural characteristics are closely combined with different preparation methods and the relevant theoretical properties complement each other with practical applications Aimed at researchers and advanced students in materials science and engineering, this book offers a broad view of current knowledge in the emerging and promising field of 2D monoelemental materials.
Author: Surender Kumar Sharma Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319929550 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 612
Book Description
This book focuses on the widely used experimental techniques available for the structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterization of materials. Recent developments in a wide range of experimental techniques and their application to the quantification of materials properties are an essential side of this book. Moreover, it provides concise but thorough coverage of the practical and theoretical aspects of the analytical techniques used to characterize a wide variety of functional nanomaterials. The book provides an overview of widely used characterization techniques for a broad audience: from beginners and graduate students, to advanced specialists in both academia and industry.
Author: Hari Singh Nalwa Publisher: ISBN: 9781588830005 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Twelve contributions comprise a reference source that is a coherent presentation of the state of the art in this fast growing area of nanotechnology research. Magnetic nanostructures are important for their phenomenal potential for storage; their great commercial value will come from applications in
Author: Louise Desplat Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030660265 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
The energy cost associated with modern information technologies has been increasing exponentially over time, stimulating the search for alternative information storage and processing devices. Magnetic skyrmions are solitonic nanometer-scale quasiparticles whose unique topological properties can be thought of as that of a Mobius strip. Skyrmions are envisioned as information carriers in novel information processing and storage devices with low power consumption and high information density. As such, they could contribute to solving the energy challenge. In order to be used in applications, isolated skyrmions must be thermally stable at the scale of years. In this work, their stability is studied through two main approaches: the Kramers' method in the form of Langer's theory, and the forward flux sampling method. Good agreement is found between the two methods. We find that small skyrmions possess low internal energy barriers, but are stabilized by a large activation entropy. This is a direct consequence of the existence of stable modes of deformation of the skyrmion. Additionally, frustrated exchange that arises at some transition metal interfaces leads to new collapse paths in the form of the partial nucleation of the corresponding antiparticle, as merons and antimerons.
Author: Toru Moriya Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642824994 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
Ferromagnetism of metallic systems, especially those including transition metals, has been a controversial subject of modern science for a long time. This controversy sterns from the apparent dual character of the d-electrons responsible for magnetism in transition metals, i.e., they are itinerant elec trons described by band theory in their ground state, while at finite tem peratures they show various properties that have long been attributed to a system consisting of local magnetic moments. The most familiar example of these properties is the Curie-Weiss law of magnetic susceptibility obeyed by almost all ferromagnets above their Curie temperatures. At first the problem seemed to be centered around whether the d-elec trons themselves are localized or itinerant. This question was settled in the 1950s and early 1960s by various experimental investigations, in particular by observations of d-electron Fermi surfaces in ferromagnetic transition metals. These observations are generally consistent with the results of band calculations. Theoretical investigations since then have concentrated on explaining this dual character of d-electron systems, taking account of the effects of electron-electron correlations in the itinerant electron model. The problem in physical terms is to study the spin density fluctuati·ons, which are ne glected in the mean-field or one-electron theory, and their influence on the physical properties.
Author: N. M. Ravindra Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319963414 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 131
Book Description
This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals and current state of the art in thermoelectrics. Addressing an audience of materials scientists and engineers, the book covers theory, materials selection, and applications, with a wide variety of case studies reflecting the most up-to-date research approaches from the past decade, from single crystal to polycrystalline form and from bulk to thin films to nano dimensions. The world is facing major challenges for finding alternate energy sources that can satisfy the increasing demand for energy consumption while preserving the environment. The field of thermoelectrics has long been recognized as a potential and ideal source of clean energy. However, the relatively low conversion efficiency of thermoelectric devices has prevented their utility on a large scale. While addressing the need for thermal management in materials, device components, and systems, thermoelectrics provides a fundamental solution to waste heat recovery and temperature control. This book summarizes the global efforts that have been made to enhance the figure of merit of various thermoelectric materials by choosing appropriate processes and their influence on properties and performance. Because of these advances, today, thermoelectric devices are found in mainstream applications such as automobiles and power generators, as opposed to just a few years ago when they could only be used in niche applications such as in aeronautics, infrared imaging, and space. However, the continued gap between fundamental theoretical results and actual experimental data of figure of merit and performance continues to challenge the commercial applications of thermoelectrics. This book presents both recent achievements and continuing challenges, and represents essential reading for researchers working in this area in universities, industry, and national labs.
Author: Patrick Tabeling Publisher: ISBN: 0199588163 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Microfluidics deals with fluids flowing in miniaturized systems, and has practical applications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical engineering fields. This text provides an introduction to this emerging discipline.
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Author: Zongyu Huang
Author: Surender Kumar Sharma
Author: Hari Singh Nalwa
Author: Louise Desplat
Author: H. Jouve
Author: Toru Moriya
Author: N. M. Ravindra
Author: 
Author: Patrick Tabeling