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Author: Lawrence M. Epstein Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
Recommendations have been made for a solid state neutron monitor of maximum radiation endurance based on the use of low resistivity silicon counting diodes. Shallow diffused diodes of 10-20 ohm-cm p base silicon were used to obtain fission fragment spectra in-core after exposure to 4.6 x 10 to the 15th power nvt (greater than power 10 kev). Bias levels were 25 v maximum initially and 45 v maximum finally. Features of the radiation degradation were (a) a large increase in leakage current to greater than 100 microamperes, (b) a large decrease in a charge collection efficiency (about a factor of ten), (c) an improvement in ability to sustain bias without breakdown noise, and (d) a decrease in capacity. A voltage sensitive preamplifier based on an integrated circuit amplifier was used. It was designed also for radiation endurance and was virtually unaffected by exposure to 3 x 10 to the 13 power nvt. A number of preliminary measurements are reported using electron-irradiated low resistivity silicon solar cells as counters and californium 252 as a source of fission fragments. These experiments served to confirm the expected nature of the damage, and showed the lack of sensitivity to gamma background and to temperature changes. One diode each of GaAs and SiC were included in the first reactor tests but the good silicon results preempted any further work with other diodes.
Author: Lawrence M. Epstein Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
Recommendations have been made for a solid state neutron monitor of maximum radiation endurance based on the use of low resistivity silicon counting diodes. Shallow diffused diodes of 10-20 ohm-cm p base silicon were used to obtain fission fragment spectra in-core after exposure to 4.6 x 10 to the 15th power nvt (greater than power 10 kev). Bias levels were 25 v maximum initially and 45 v maximum finally. Features of the radiation degradation were (a) a large increase in leakage current to greater than 100 microamperes, (b) a large decrease in a charge collection efficiency (about a factor of ten), (c) an improvement in ability to sustain bias without breakdown noise, and (d) a decrease in capacity. A voltage sensitive preamplifier based on an integrated circuit amplifier was used. It was designed also for radiation endurance and was virtually unaffected by exposure to 3 x 10 to the 13 power nvt. A number of preliminary measurements are reported using electron-irradiated low resistivity silicon solar cells as counters and californium 252 as a source of fission fragments. These experiments served to confirm the expected nature of the damage, and showed the lack of sensitivity to gamma background and to temperature changes. One diode each of GaAs and SiC were included in the first reactor tests but the good silicon results preempted any further work with other diodes.
Author: E. L. Zimmerman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Fast neutrons Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
Several methods of utilizing a semiconductor radiation detector for neutron observations have been investigated. Techniques for the application of neutron-sensitive materials to detector surfaces have been developed and the resulting coated detectors have been evaluated as both thermal and threshold detectors. A "good geometry" proton-recoil spectrometer utilizing a semiconductor detector has been built and used to observe fast neutrons. An analytical study of this device resulted in a method which can accurately predict its response as a function of incident neutron energy., hydrogenous radiator thickness, and systm geometry. Good qualitative agreement was observed between the predicted and experimental response
Author: Mehdi Reisi Fard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Detectors Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Abstract: In this dissertation, a fast neutron flux monitoring channel, which is based on the use of SiC semiconductor detectors is designed, modeled and experimentally evaluated as a power monitor for the Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactors. A detailed mathematical model of the SiC diode detector and the electronic processing channel is developed using TRIM, MATLAB and PSpice simulation codes. The flux monitoring channel is tested at the OSU Research Reactor. The response of the SiC neutron-monitoring channel to neutrons is in close agreement to simulation results. Linearity of the channel response to thermal and fast neutron fluxes, pulse height spectrum of the channel, energy calibration of the channel and the detector degradation in a fast neutron flux are presented. Along with the model of the neutron monitoring channel, a Simulink model of the GT-MHR core has been developed to evaluate the power monitoring requirements for the GT-MHR that are most demanding for the SiC diode power monitoring system. The Simulink model is validated against a RELAP5 model of the GT-MHR. This dyanamic model is used to simulate reactor transients at the full power and at the start up, in order to identify the response time requirements of the GT-MHR. Based on the response time requirements that have been identified by the Simulink model and properties of the monitoring channel, several locations in the central reflector and the reactor cavity are identified to place the detector. The detector lifetime and dynamic range of the monitoring channel at the detector locations are calculated. The channel dynamic range in the GT-MHR central reflector covers four decades of the reactor power. However, the detector does not survive for a reactor refueling cycle in the central reflector. In the reactor cavity, the detector operates sufficiently long; however, the dynamic range of the channel is smaller than the dynamic range of the channel in the central reflector.
Author: Helmuth Spieler Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191523658 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 513
Book Description
Semiconductor sensors patterned at the micron scale combined with custom-designed integrated circuits have revolutionized semiconductor radiation detector systems. Designs covering many square meters with millions of signal channels are now commonplace in high-energy physics and the technology is finding its way into many other fields, ranging from astrophysics to experiments at synchrotron light sources and medical imaging. This book is the first to present a comprehensive discussion of the many facets of highly integrated semiconductor detector systems, covering sensors, signal processing, transistors and circuits, low-noise electronics, and radiation effects. The diversity of design approaches is illustrated in a chapter describing systems in high-energy physics, astronomy, and astrophysics. Finally a chapter "Why things don't work" discusses common pitfalls. Profusely illustrated, this book provides a unique reference in a key area of modern science.
Author: FH. Ruddy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Detector Languages : en Pages : 8
Book Description
Silicon carbide semiconductor neutron detectors have been irradiated with 252Cf fission neutrons, thermal-neutron induced fission neutrons from 235U, and 14-MeV neutrons from a deuterium-tritium neutron generator. In the latter case, reaction peaks corresponding to 12C(n,?)9Be and 28Si(n,?)25Mg reactions have been observed. Multiple reaction branches to the 25Mg ground state and several excited states are observed for the 28Si(n, ?)25Mg reaction, and the detector energy calibration for these reactions can be derived from the peak positions. Although only the ground state branch is observed for the 12C(n,?)9Be reaction, the shift of the reaction energy with angle relative to the 14-MeV source can be used to derive an energy scale based on this reaction. These energy response measurements will form the basis for neutron spectrum unfolding methods for inferring incident neutron energy spectra from the resulting recoil-ion energy spectra in silicon carbide detectors.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: IAEA Radiation Technology Repo ISBN: 9789201251107 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 145
Book Description
This publication addresses recent developments in neutron generator (NG) technology. It presents information on compact instruments with high neutron yield to be used for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and prompt gamma neutron activation analysis in combination with high count rate spectrometers. Traditional NGs have been shown to be effective for applications including borehole logging, homeland security, nuclear medicine and the on-line analysis of aluminium, coal and cement. Pulsed fast thermal neutron analysis, as well as tagged and timed neutron analysis, are additional techniques which can be applied using NG. Furthermore, NG can effectively be used for elemental analysis and is also effective for analysis of hidden materials by neutron radiography. Useful guidelines for developing NG based research laboratories are also provided in this publication.
Author: Lawrence M. Epstein
Author: Lawrence M. Epstein
Author: E. L. Zimmerman
Author: Mehdi Reisi Fard
Author: Helmuth Spieler
Author: J. A. B. Gibson
Author: 
Author: FH. Ruddy
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: 
Author: Stanley Raymond Bull