Investigating Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Survival PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Investigating Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Survival PDF full book. Access full book title Investigating Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Survival by Yelena Dunakova. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Yelena Dunakova Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
Vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar O3:K6, is the most common cause of bacterial seafood-related illness and is responsible for 48% of all reported Vibrio spp. infections in the United States. At this time, limited literature is available describing organism pathogenesis, especially regarding the host response and immunity to infection. Characterization of the macrophage response and organism survival during infection will provide a more comprehensive understanding of V. parahaemolyticus virulence and pathogenesis. Previously, we have investigated the antioxidant enzymes involved in V. parahaemolyticus survival when exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in oxidants such as H2O2, paraquat, t-BOOH, and cumene hydroperoxide and those produced by the macrophage during infection. We determined that organism survival was generally decreased upon exposure to ROS. RT-qPCR revealed that exposure to the ROS generated by the oxidant chemicals caused an upregulation in various OxyR1 regulated genes such as katE1&2, ahpC1, ahpF, and glutaredoxin. These same genes were also upregulated during U937 macrophage infection suggesting that they serve an important role in organism survival against ROS found in both of these environments. Currently, we are investigating the macrophage’s response during infection and working to develop an effective model representative of clinical infection. PMA stimulation was used to differentiate a monocyte cell line into fully differentiated, mature macrophage cells as the first step of development. In trying to characterize the response, we observed that infection in macrophage cells causes an increase in cell death, inflammatory cytokine production, and differential expression of macrophage surface markers. Investigating the host-pathogen interaction is significant as it allows us to better understand V. parahaemolyticus infection and will ultimately work towards the future development of new treatments to help vulnerable patients clear infections.
Author: Yelena Dunakova Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
Vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar O3:K6, is the most common cause of bacterial seafood-related illness and is responsible for 48% of all reported Vibrio spp. infections in the United States. At this time, limited literature is available describing organism pathogenesis, especially regarding the host response and immunity to infection. Characterization of the macrophage response and organism survival during infection will provide a more comprehensive understanding of V. parahaemolyticus virulence and pathogenesis. Previously, we have investigated the antioxidant enzymes involved in V. parahaemolyticus survival when exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in oxidants such as H2O2, paraquat, t-BOOH, and cumene hydroperoxide and those produced by the macrophage during infection. We determined that organism survival was generally decreased upon exposure to ROS. RT-qPCR revealed that exposure to the ROS generated by the oxidant chemicals caused an upregulation in various OxyR1 regulated genes such as katE1&2, ahpC1, ahpF, and glutaredoxin. These same genes were also upregulated during U937 macrophage infection suggesting that they serve an important role in organism survival against ROS found in both of these environments. Currently, we are investigating the macrophage’s response during infection and working to develop an effective model representative of clinical infection. PMA stimulation was used to differentiate a monocyte cell line into fully differentiated, mature macrophage cells as the first step of development. In trying to characterize the response, we observed that infection in macrophage cells causes an increase in cell death, inflammatory cytokine production, and differential expression of macrophage surface markers. Investigating the host-pathogen interaction is significant as it allows us to better understand V. parahaemolyticus infection and will ultimately work towards the future development of new treatments to help vulnerable patients clear infections.
Author: Brittany Vojnar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
Vibrio parahaemolyticus serovar O3:K6, the most common cause of bacterial seafood-related illness, is responsible for 48% of all reported Vibrio spp. infections in the United States. At this time, limited literature is available regarding organism pathogenesis and especially the host response and immunity to infection. It is well known that pathogenic bacteria may produce enzymes such as catalase (katE1, katE2), alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (ahpC1, ahpC2) and peroxiredoxins allowing for survival in toxic environments, specifically in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Toward that end, we have hypothesized that V. parahaemolyticus utilizes its antioxidant capabilities, such as katE, ahpC, and other antioxidant associated enzymes, to survive in diverse environments, not just in the mammalian host. Here, we investigated the antioxidant genes involved in V. parahaemolyticus survival when exposed to toxic oxygen species present in separate models; in-vitro culture and murine BMDM infection. We determined that catalases such as katE1 and katE2 and the peroxiredoxin and reductant system involving ahpC1 and ahpF are required for survival in different models of exposure to ROS. Additionally, these antioxidant genes are regulated by OxyR. At this time, characterization of organism survival in varying environments will allow for a more complete understanding of organism virulence and survival in different hosts and environments providing a comprehensive understanding of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenesis. Ultimately, the goal is to formulate treatment algorithms to facilitate pathogenic organism removal regardless of the host or environment.
Author: Shin-Ichi Aizawa Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0124172830 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
The Flagellar World is a unique publication. The product of years of research and data collection by the author, this book is a pictorial guide to flagella in a variety of organisms. Each EM image is accompanied by a short description of the system in each organism. These never-before-seen pictures represent a wide variety of flagella, including Legionella pneumophila, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and many others. Researchers in microbiology, immunology, and parasitology will find this a fascinating and useful resource. - A unique publication with many never before seen EM images of flagella - A historical document of years of research on flagella - Fills a specific niche that shows flagella in several varied organisms
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309072786 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Since the dawn of medical science, people have recognized connections between a change in the weather and the appearance of epidemic disease. With today's technology, some hope that it will be possible to build models for predicting the emergence and spread of many infectious diseases based on climate and weather forecasts. However, separating the effects of climate from other effects presents a tremendous scientific challenge. Can we use climate and weather forecasts to predict infectious disease outbreaks? Can the field of public health advance from "surveillance and response" to "prediction and prevention?" And perhaps the most important question of all: Can we predict how global warming will affect the emergence and transmission of infectious disease agents around the world? Under the Weather evaluates our current understanding of the linkages among climate, ecosystems, and infectious disease; it then goes a step further and outlines the research needed to improve our understanding of these linkages. The book also examines the potential for using climate forecasts and ecological observations to help predict infectious disease outbreaks, identifies the necessary components for an epidemic early warning system, and reviews lessons learned from the use of climate forecasts in other realms of human activity.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: ISBN: 9789241548175 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 183
Book Description
Vibrio parahaemolyticus are common causes of diarrhoeal disease worldwide. These marine micro-organisms, native in estuarine waters globally, concentrate in the gut of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, such as oysters, clams and mussels. Raw and undercooked seafood, including finfish, represent the principal vehicle of transmission to humans. This volume considers the applicability of an assessment of the public health impact of raw oyster consumption, developed in one country, to assess the public health risk associated with the consumption of raw oysters harvested in other countries where different growing and harvesting scenarios might exist. The approach is also applied to bloody clams and finfish to establish if such a risk assessment can also be adapted to other types of shellfish and finfish. This work is therefore divided in three parts focusing on (i) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters, (ii) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in bloody clam and (iii) risk assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in finfish. As well as providing insights on the risks associated with consumption of these commodities, the work also addresses how to make maximum use of existing and/or limited resources. This volume and others in the Microbiological Risk Assessment Series contain information that is useful to both risk assessors and risk managers, including international scientific committees, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, governments and food regulatory agencies, scientists, food producers and industries and other people or institutions with an interest in the area of microbiological hazards in foods, their impact on human health and food trade and their control.
Author: Stanley Brul Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 085709050X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 639
Book Description
Successful methods for the detection and investigation of outbreaks of foodborne disease are essential for ensuring consumer safety. Increased understanding of the transmission of pathogens in food chains will also assist efforts to safeguard public health. Tracing pathogens in the food chain reviews key aspects of the surveillance, analysis and spread of foodborne pathogens at different stages of industrial food production and processing. Part one provides an introduction to foodborne pathogen surveillance, outbreak investigation and control. Part two concentrates on subtyping of foodborne pathogens, with chapters on phenoytypic subtyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, as well as emerging methods. The vital topics of method validation and quality assurance are also covered. The focus in Part three is on particular techniques for the surveillance and study of pathogens, such as protein-based analysis, ribotyping and comparative genomics. Finally, Part four focuses on tracing pathogens in specific food chains, such as red meat and game, dairy, fish and shellfish. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Tracing pathogens in the food chain is a standard reference for researchers, public health experts and food industry professionals concerned with the study and control of foodborne disease. - Reviews key aspects of the surveillance, analysis and spread of foodborne pathogens - Provides an overview of method validation and quality assurance - Examines the tracing of pathogens in specific food chains, such as red meat, game and dairy
Author: Joseph E. Alouf Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080456987 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1072
Book Description
This book describes the major achievements and discoveries relevant to bacterial protein toxins since the turn of the new century illustrated by the discovery of more than fifty novel toxins (many of them identified through genome screening). The establishment of the three-dimensional crystal structure of more than 20 toxins during the same period offers deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships and provides a framework to understand how toxins recognize receptors, penetrate membranes and interact with and modify intracellular substrates. - Edited by two of the most highly regarded experts in the field from the Institut Pasteur, France - 14 brand new chapters dedicated to coverage of historical and general aspects of toxinology - Includes the major toxins of both basic and clinical interest are described in depth - Details applied aspects of toxins such as therapy, vaccinology, and toolkits in cell biology - Evolutionary and functional aspects of bacterial toxins evaluated and summarized - Toxin applications in cell biology presented - Therapy (cancer therapy, dystonias) discussed - Vaccines (native and genetically engineered vaccines) featured - Toxins discussed as biological weapons, comprising chapters on anthrax, diphtheria, ricin etc.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309043875 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
Can Americans continue to add more seafood to their diets without fear of illness or even death? Seafood-caused health problems are not widespread, but consumers are at risk from seafood-borne microbes and toxinsâ€"with consequences that can range from mild enteritis to fatal illness. At a time when legislators and consumer groups are seeking a sound regulatory approach, Seafood Safety presents a comprehensive set of practical recommendations for ensuring the safety of the seafood supply. This volume presents the first-ever overview of the field, covering seafood consumption patterns, where and how seafood contamination occurs, and the effectiveness of regulation. A wealth of technical information is presented on the sources of contaminationâ€"microbes, natural toxins, and chemical pollutantsâ€"and their effects on human health. The volume evaluates methods used for risk assessment and inspection sampling.
Author: Yelena Dunakova
Author: Yelena Dunakova
Author: Brittany Vojnar
Author: United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology
Author: Pradeep Vasudevan
Author: Shin-Ichi Aizawa
Author: National Research Council
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Stanley Brul
Author: Joseph E. Alouf
Author: Institute of Medicine