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Author: Randolf Menzel Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012398260X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 603
Book Description
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. - Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations - Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available - Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Author: Randolf Menzel Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012398260X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 603
Book Description
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. - Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations - Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available - Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Author: Barbara Webb Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071567 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 26
Book Description
A robot that senses and interacts autonomously with the real world can be used to embody specific hypotheses about the mechanisms of learning in invertebrates. Several models of olfactory learning circuits in the mushroom body of flies have been proposed. To use this to control a robot, it is crucial to understand not only when and how changes in synaptic strength occur but also how those synaptic changes fit within a circuit that produces ongoing behavior. Considering this problem from a robotic perspective reveals some conflicting assumptions made in current research that need to be resolved.
Author: Paul R. Benjamin Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071621 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
Understanding how network mechanisms contribute to behavioral plasticity is a key objective in learning and memory studies. This is likely to be complex because the different types of synaptic and nonsynaptic (cellular and neuronal) changes that underlie memory are known to occur at multiple locations within the neural network. Determining how these multiple changes are integrated to generate network correlates of learning is the major goal of a systems analysis. Gastropod mollusks offer the advantage that behavioral plasticity can be directly linked to network and the cellular analysis of learning because of the ability to identify individual neurons and determine their synaptic connectivity. Important progress has been made in understanding the synaptic and nonsynaptic contributions to network changes underlying simple forms of nonassociative (habituation and sensitization) and associative (classical and operant conditioning) learning and, to a lesser extent, more complex types of behavior such as second-order conditioning.
Author: Dorothea Eisenhardt Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071818 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
The behavioral phenomenon of extinction resembles the decrease of a conditioned behavior when animals experience the presentation of a previously reinforced stimulus. In honeybees, extinction is studied in an appetitive learning paradigm, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. Here, I describe recent work on extinction in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. I demonstrate that extinction in honeybees shares behavioral and molecular similarities with extinction in vertebrates, and I discuss whether these similarities might indicate that extinction is a phylogenetically old mechanism.
Author: Elizabeth A. Tibbetts Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071907 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Individual recognition is often considered a cognitively challenging form of recognition because it requires flexible learning and memory. Because Polistes paper wasps are one of the few invertebrates known to have individual recognition, they provide a good model for exploring how individual recognition shapes cognitive evolution. Here, we review previous work on individual recognition in paper wasps with a particular focus on learning and memory. In this review, we (1) explore the evolution of individual recognition in paper wasps, including the selective pressures thought to shape the origin and maintenance of individual recognition; (2) discuss the extent of memory for specific individuals during paper wasp social interactions; (3) describe a negative reinforcement training method that can be used for comparative learning research in wasps and other invertebrates; and (4) explain how individual recognition has shaped the evolution of specialized visual learning in paper wasps.
Author: Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071842 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
Studies on learning and memory in honeybees have been historically framed in an appetitive context because bees learn remarkably well about sensory stimuli if these are associated with food. We review studies in which bees learn about olfactory stimuli associated with the noxious stimulation of an electric shock. In response to such stimulation, bees exhibit a sting extension response (SER). Pairing a neutral odor with shock results in associative learning so that bees exhibit conditioned SER to the originally neutral stimulus and avoid afterwards that stimulus when given the possibility of moving away from it. SER conditioning leads to long-term memory formation, which depends on transcription and translation. Aversive reinforcement properties are mediated by dopamine, and a rich network of dopaminergic neurons exists in the bee brain. Taken together, these studies open new research avenues to understand how bees learn about aversive events in their environment.
Author: Elodie Urlacher Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 012807180X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Aversive learning in young worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) can be suppressed by pheromone released by the queen bee. In addition, studies have shown that pheromone released by guard bees inhibits appetitive learning in bees recruited for colony defense. In this chapter, we examine the chemical signals that mediate these effects and the mechanisms that support pheromone modulation of learning behavior in the bee. We also consider the possible adaptive value of pheromone modulation of learning in the honeybee and its potential contribution to the survival of the colony as a whole.
Author: Ken Lukowiak Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071699 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
Stress can alter adaptive behaviors and also either enhance or diminish learning, memory formation, and/or memory recall. We focus our studies on how environmentally relevant stressors such as predator detection, crowding, and low concentrations of environmental Ca2+ alter learning and long-term memory (LTM) formation in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. We specifically focus on operant conditioning of aerial respiration and whether or not LTM forms following the acquisition of the learned event. In addition, we have begun to assay the consequences of combing different stressors together. Our conclusion so far is that the effects of different combinations of stressors on LTM formation are an emergent property and thus can only be ascertained following direct experimentation. We also examine the strain differences in Lymnaea that allow or cause isolated populations to possess different heritable capabilities, as manifested by differing abilities to form LTM.
Author: Alan Gelperin Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071702 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Terrestrial slugs and snails are particularly favorable subjects for studies of comparative cognition. Chemosensation is their dominant distance sense for locating food, mates, predators, and nest sites. A variety of conditioning phenomena have been demonstrated using odors as conditioned stimuli, including higher order conditioning such as second-order conditioning and blocking. Learning has been evaluated by measuring local reflexes and whole body orientation to odors. Behaviors with learned components involve homeostatic mechanisms for water, temperature, nutrition, and circadian activity. Cellular substrates and neural correlates for plasticity in odor processing have focused on a unique brain region, the procerebral lobe, which is necessary and sufficient for learning about odor stimuli. The rich set of learning phenomena displayed by terrestrial slugs and snails emphasize the importance of seeking evidence for complex cognitive tasks by asking experimental questions appropriate to the Ümwelt of the animal. In general, invertebrates can implement most vertebrate learned logic operations.
Author: Randolf Menzel
Author: Randolf Menzel
Author: Barbara Webb
Author: Martin Giurfa
Author: Paul R. Benjamin
Author: Dorothea Eisenhardt
Author: Elizabeth A. Tibbetts
Author: Stevanus Rio Tedjakumala
Author: Elodie Urlacher
Author: Ken Lukowiak
Author: Alan Gelperin