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Author: Randolf Menzel Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012398260X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 603
Book Description
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. - Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations - Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available - Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Author: Randolf Menzel Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012398260X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 603
Book Description
Understanding how memories are induced and maintained is one of the major outstanding questions in modern neuroscience. This is difficult to address in the mammalian brain due to its enormous complexity, and invertebrates offer major advantages for learning and memory studies because of their relative simplicity. Many important discoveries made in invertebrates have been found to be generally applicable to higher organisms, and the overarching theme of the proposed will be to integrate information from different levels of neural organization to help generate a complete account of learning and memory. Edited by two leaders in the field, Invertebrate Learning and Memory will offer a current and comprehensive review, with chapters authored by experts in each topic. The volume will take a multidisciplinary approach, exploring behavioral, cellular, genetic, molecular, and computational investigations of memory. Coverage will include comparative cognition at the behavioral and mechanistic level, developments in concepts and methodologies that will underlie future advancements, and mechanistic examples from the most important vertebrate systems (nematodes, molluscs, and insects). Neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the neural control of cognitive behavior will benefit, as will as will those in the field of invertebrate learning. - Presents an overview of invertebrate studies at the molecular / cellular / neural levels and correlates findings to mammalian behavioral investigations - Linking multidisciplinary approaches allows for full understanding of how molecular changes in neurons and circuits underpin behavioral plasticity - Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available - Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for comparative learning and memory researchers
Author: Alan Gelperin Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071702 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Terrestrial slugs and snails are particularly favorable subjects for studies of comparative cognition. Chemosensation is their dominant distance sense for locating food, mates, predators, and nest sites. A variety of conditioning phenomena have been demonstrated using odors as conditioned stimuli, including higher order conditioning such as second-order conditioning and blocking. Learning has been evaluated by measuring local reflexes and whole body orientation to odors. Behaviors with learned components involve homeostatic mechanisms for water, temperature, nutrition, and circadian activity. Cellular substrates and neural correlates for plasticity in odor processing have focused on a unique brain region, the procerebral lobe, which is necessary and sufficient for learning about odor stimuli. The rich set of learning phenomena displayed by terrestrial slugs and snails emphasize the importance of seeking evidence for complex cognitive tasks by asking experimental questions appropriate to the Ümwelt of the animal. In general, invertebrates can implement most vertebrate learned logic operations.
Author: Ken Lukowiak Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071699 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 40
Book Description
Stress can alter adaptive behaviors and also either enhance or diminish learning, memory formation, and/or memory recall. We focus our studies on how environmentally relevant stressors such as predator detection, crowding, and low concentrations of environmental Ca2+ alter learning and long-term memory (LTM) formation in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. We specifically focus on operant conditioning of aerial respiration and whether or not LTM forms following the acquisition of the learned event. In addition, we have begun to assay the consequences of combing different stressors together. Our conclusion so far is that the effects of different combinations of stressors on LTM formation are an emergent property and thus can only be ascertained following direct experimentation. We also examine the strain differences in Lymnaea that allow or cause isolated populations to possess different heritable capabilities, as manifested by differing abilities to form LTM.
Author: Binyamin Hochner Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071729 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
Cephalopod mollusks such as octopus, cuttlefish, and squid (coleoids) are of special interest for studying the evolution and function of learning and memory mechanisms at the system level. They are believed to have the most advanced cognitive behaviors of all invertebrates, rivaling the abilities of many vertebrates. The phylum Mollusca shows the most diversified range of behavioral complexity among the invertebrates, with behavioral complexity correlating roughly with the size of the nervous system (a few thousand vs. half a billion neurons) and its morphological organization (centralized vs. distributed). The mollusks therefore provide an excellent opportunity for assessing conservation and convergent processes in the evolution and development of learning and memory systems subserving complex behaviors. The pioneering work of J. Z. Young, M. J. Wells, and colleagues confirmed that a specific structure in the brain of the modern cephalopods, the vertical lobe, is involved in their highly sophisticated behaviors. This chapter summarizes recent neurophysiological research in the octopus and cuttlefish vertical lobe system that, for the first time, allows a functional and computational approach to the evolution of learning and memory systems.
Author: Elizabeth A. Tibbetts Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071907 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Individual recognition is often considered a cognitively challenging form of recognition because it requires flexible learning and memory. Because Polistes paper wasps are one of the few invertebrates known to have individual recognition, they provide a good model for exploring how individual recognition shapes cognitive evolution. Here, we review previous work on individual recognition in paper wasps with a particular focus on learning and memory. In this review, we (1) explore the evolution of individual recognition in paper wasps, including the selective pressures thought to shape the origin and maintenance of individual recognition; (2) discuss the extent of memory for specific individuals during paper wasp social interactions; (3) describe a negative reinforcement training method that can be used for comparative learning research in wasps and other invertebrates; and (4) explain how individual recognition has shaped the evolution of specialized visual learning in paper wasps.
Author: William Corning Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468430068 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Since the publication of the second volume of Comparative Psychology by Warden, Warner, and Jenkins (1940), there has not been a comprehensive review of invertebrate learning capacities. Some high-quality reviews have appeared in various journals, texts, and symposia, but they have been, of necessity, incomplete and selective either in terms of the phyla covered or the phenomena which were reviewed. Although this lack has served as a stimulus for the present series, the primary justification is to be found in the resurgence of theoretical and empirical interests in learning capacities and mechanisms in simpler systems of widely different phylogenetic origin. Intensive research on the physiological basis of learning and memory clearly entails exploration of the correlations between levels of nervous system organization and be havioral plasticity. Furthermore, the presence of structural-functional differ entiation in ganglionated systems, the existence of giant, easily identifiable cells, and the reduced complexity of structure and behavior repertoires are among the advantages of the "simple systems" strategy which have caused many neuroscientists to abandon their cats, rats, and monkeys in favor of mollusks, leeches, planaria, crayfish, protozoa, and other invertebrate preparations. Behavioral research continues to reveal remarkable capacities in these simple organisms and encourages us to believe that the confluence of the invertebrate learning data with the more voluminous vertebrate litera ture will contribute substantially to the enrichment of all of the neurobe havioral sciences.
Author: Dorothea Eisenhardt Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128071818 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
The behavioral phenomenon of extinction resembles the decrease of a conditioned behavior when animals experience the presentation of a previously reinforced stimulus. In honeybees, extinction is studied in an appetitive learning paradigm, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. Here, I describe recent work on extinction in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. I demonstrate that extinction in honeybees shares behavioral and molecular similarities with extinction in vertebrates, and I discuss whether these similarities might indicate that extinction is a phylogenetically old mechanism.
Author: Randolf Menzel
Author: Randolf Menzel
Author: Alan Gelperin
Author: Ken Lukowiak
Author: Binyamin Hochner
Author: Elizabeth A. Tibbetts
Author: William Corning
Author: Arthur Owen Dennis Willows
Author: Martin Giurfa
Author: W. C. Corning
Author: Dorothea Eisenhardt