Invertebrate Cytokines and the Phylogeny of Immunity PDF Download

Author: Alain Beschin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364218670X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192

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Book Description
Based on the assumption that invertebrates as well as vertebrates possess factors regulating hematopoiesis, response to infection or wounding, studies dealing with the evolution of immunity have focused on the isolation and characterization of putative cytokine-related molecules from invertebrates. Until recently, most of our knowledge of cytokine- and cytokine receptor-like molecules in invertebrates has relied on functional assays and similarities at the physicochemical level. As such, a phylogenetic relationship between invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and invertebrate counterparts could not be convincingly demonstrated. In the present book, recent studies demonstrating cytokine-like activities and related signaling pathways in invertebrates are critically reviewed, focusing on findings from molecular biology and taking advantage of the completion of the genome from the fly Drosophila and the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.

Author: Alain Beschin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540404071
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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Book Description
Based on the assumption that invertebrates as well as vertebrates possess factors regulating hematopoiesis, response to infection or wounding, studies dealing with the evolution of immunity have focused on the isolation and characterization of putative cytokine-related molecules from invertebrates. Until recently, most of our knowledge of cytokine- and cytokine receptor-like molecules in invertebrates has relied on functional assays and similarities at the physicochemical level. As such, a phylogenetic relationship between invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and invertebrate counterparts could not be convincingly demonstrated. In the present book, recent studies demonstrating cytokine-like activities and related signaling pathways in invertebrates are critically reviewed, focusing on findings from molecular biology and taking advantage of the completion of the genome from the fly Drosophila and the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.

Author: L. Du Pasquier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642596746
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 324

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Book Description
The comparative approach to immunology can be traced to the era of Pasteur and Metchnikov in which observations regarding foreign recognition in invertebrates was a factor in the develop ment of the principal concepts that created the foundation of what now is the broad field of immunology. With each major experimental and conceptual breakthrough, the classical, albeit essential, question has been asked "are the immune systems of phylogenetically primitive vertebrates and invertebrates similar to that of mammals?" Somewhat surprisingly for the jawed verte brates, the general answer has been a qualified form of "yes", whereas for agnathans and invertebrate phyla it has been "no" so far. The apparent abruptness in the appearance of the immune system of vertebrates is linked to the introduction of the somatic generation of the diversity of its antigen specific receptors. Therefore the questions regarding the origin and evolution of the specific immune system revolve around this phenomenon. With respect to the origin of the system (aside from the or igin of the rearranging machinery itself, the study of which is still in its infancy) one can ask questions about the cellular and mo lecular contexts in which the mechanism was introduced.

Author: E.L. Cooper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642798470
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 254

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Book Description
E. L. Cooper In Volume 23 we considered, in seven chapters, the basic armamentarium of the invertebrate immune system and its cells, as well as an analysis of antigens, setting the stage for the initiation of an immune response. We studied cell products, natural or induced, as revealed by nonspecific and specific responses following antigenic challenge such as the pro phenol oxidase system, the lytic responses, the Ig superfamily, and the place this family offers invertebrates and insect hemolymph proteins as candidates for membership. At this point, these various topics seemed to converge, almost to overlap, in some instances, presenting a challenge as to how to move from one subject to another. Chapter 1, in this volume offers the bridge to Volume 23 and its final Chapter 7. This Volume 24 contains contributions pertaining to cell activities and the environment. Chapters 1-4 refer specifically to interactions between cells and the integration of cell activities. The focus is on a functional immune system, with antigenic challenge as a subtopic. In Chapters 5-7, the environment is considered from several points of view and the main subtopic here is the result of the consequences of connections and missed signals. The internal and external environments are treated, revealing what may happen when normal immune responses are interfered with. All this is integrated by the consideration of the three great regulatory systems, the ever-present network that somehow acts as the monitor or control for all incoming and outgoing signals.

Author: Davide Malagoli
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012802013X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Book Description
The Evolution of the Immune System: Conservation and Diversification is the first book of its kind that prompts a new perspective when describing and considering the evolution of the immune system. Its unique approach summarizes, updates, and provides new insights on the different immune receptors, soluble factors, and immune cell effectors. - Helps the reader gain a modern idea of the evolution of the immune systems in pluricellular organisms - Provides a complete overview of the most studied and hot topics in comparative and evolutionary immunology - Reflects the organisation of the immune system (cell-based, humoral [innate], humoral [adaptive]) without introducing further and misleading levels of organization - Brings concepts and ideas on the evolution of the immune system to a wide readership

Author: Diana Boraschi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832544347
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 848

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Book Description
We are delighted to present the inaugural Frontiers in Immunology “Women in Cytokines and Soluble Mediators in Immunity” series of article collections. At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) research in particular. Science and gender equality are, however, essential to ensure sustainable development as highlighted by UNESCO. In order to change traditional mindsets, gender equality must be promoted, stereotypes defeated, and girls and women should be encouraged to pursue STEM careers.

Author: Kenneth Söderhäll
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441980598
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Book Description
It can be seen that the insects are the still attracting most research and researchers. However, an increasing interest is emerging to study new invertebrate groups, especially those where the genome is known. Even though Drosophila has been and still is an excellent model for immune studies, it is now clear that there are great differences between immune responses in Drosophila and that of several other invertebrates, which indeed calls for more research on other invertebrates

Author: Gregory Becker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780306464317
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 408

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Book Description
This book contains the proceedings of the first meeting on invertebrate immunity ever sponsored as a summer research conference by the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB). The conference was held in Copper Mountain, CO from July 11-16, 1999. It was a an extension of a New York Academy of Sciences meeting entitled "Primordial Immunity: Foundations for the Vertebrate Immune System" held on May 2-5,1993 at the Marine Biological Laboratories in Woods Hole, MA. The proceedings of that meeting were published in The Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (volume 712). At that meeting all the attendes agreed that this type of conference (a relatively small focused gathering) allowed for participation by investigators at all levels of their careers. We further agreed that we should search for a forum that would allow this meeting to continue. The FASEB Summer Research Conference was an excellent vehicle for this type of meeting. Furthermore, this year's participants decided to continue this meeting as a regularly scheduled FASEB sponsored event. This was a unique conference in the sense that it focused upon mechanisms of development and defense in protostome and deuterostome invertebrates and lower vertebrates. There was a strong emphasis on evolutionary cell biology, phylogenetic inferences and the evolution of recognition and regulatory systems.

Author: Ved Srivastava
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788011716
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 589

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Book Description
With potentially high specificity and low toxicity, biologicals offer promising alternatives to small-molecule drugs. Peptide therapeutics have again become the focus of innovative drug development efforts backed up by a resurgence of venture funds and small biotechnology companies. What does it take to develop a peptide-based medicine? What are the key challenges and how are they overcome? What are emerging therapeutics for peptide modalities? This book answers these questions with a holistic story from molecules to medicine, combining the themes of design, synthesis and clinical applications of peptide-based therapeutics and biomarkers. Chapters are written and edited by leaders in the field from industry and academia and they cover the pharmacokinetics of peptide therapeutics, attributes necessary for commercially successful metabolic peptides, medicinal chemistry strategies for the design of peptidase-resistant peptide analogues, disease classes for which peptide therapeutic are most relevant, and regulatory issues and guidelines. The critical themes covered provide essential background information on what it takes to develop peptide-based medicine from a chemistry perspective and views on the future of peptide drugs. This book will be a valuable resource not only as a reference book for the researcher engaged in academic and pharmaceutical setting, from basic research to manufacturing and from organic chemistry to biotechnology, but also a valuable resource to graduate students to understand discovery and development process for peptide-based medicine.

Author: Covadonga Alonso
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540742646
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Book Description
Using different viral models, molecular pathways regulated by viral genes and their role in the pathogenesis of infection are analyzed. The book also offers an update of known signaling pathways in apoptosis and their role in normal and infected cells. Special emphasis is given to molecular pathways underlying viral transformation and oncogenesis and how research in this area is opening opportunities in cancer therapy.