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Inverse identification of material parameters from machining processes

Inverse identification of material parameters from machining processes PDF Author: Aviral Shrot
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736943970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264

Book Description
Kurzbeschreibung Die Finite-Elemente-Simulation ist ein wichtiges numerisches Werkzeug zur Verbesserung des Verständnisses des Spanbildungsprozesses. Mit dieser Methode können komplexe Bearbeitungsprozesse mit komplexen Span-Morphologien simuliert werden. Eine wichtige Herausforderung bei der Modellierung spanender Bearbeitungsverfahren ist, dass keine Materialparameter bekannt sind, die das Werkstoffverhalten unter stark variierenden Dehnungen, Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten und Temperaturen vorhersagen können. Während eines Fließspanbildungsprozesses können Dehnungen von bis zu 200%, sowie Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Größenordnung von 105 s−1 und Temperaturerhöhungen im Bereich von mehreren 100 ◦C auftreten. Im Vergleich dazu können experimentelle Methoden wie der Split-Hopkinson-Pressure-Bar-Test (SHPB) in der Regel Dehnungen von bis zu 50% und Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Größenordnung von 103 s−1 erreichen. Diese Tests können dazu genutzt werden, um mittels Datenanpassungsmethoden die Materialparameter aus den experimentellen Daten zu bestimmen. Aufgrund der großen Extrapolationsbereiche stimmen die Ergebnisse der Zerspanungssimulationen in der Regel nicht besonders gut mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen überein. Zuerst werden die Schwierigkeiten der Verwendung der Materialparameter, die aus Standard-Experimenten bestimmt werden, für die Zerspanungssimulationen von drei verschiedenen Werkstoffen aufgezeigt. Die Johnson-Cook-Parameter werden für Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-6246 und Alloy 625 aus SHPB-Experimenten bestimmt. Diese werden anschließend verwendet, um die Spanbildung mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Methode zu simulieren. Für Ti-15-3-3-3 und Ti-6246 wird die Bildung eines segmentierten Spans beobachtet. Für Alloy 625 wird die Materialfestigkeit bei hohen Dehnungen vom Johnson-Cook-Modell überschätzt, wodurch in der Simulation die Bildung eines Fließspans vorhergesagt wird. Daher wird ein modifiziertes Johnson-Cook-Modell für die Zerspanungssimulationen verwendet, resultierend in einer segmentierten Spanform. Die durchschnittlichen Schnittkräfte werden in den drei Fällen im Rahmen von 20% der experimentell erhaltenen Werte vorhergesagt. Es gibt deutliche Unterschiede in den vorhergesagten und den experimentell ermittelten Spanformen. Diese Unterschiede können auf die Schwierigkeit der Vorhersage des Materialverhaltens unter den während spanender Bearbeitung vorherrschenden Bedingungen zurückgeführt werden. Dieses Problem wird durch die Verwendung einer inversen Parameterbestimmungsmethode beseitigt, da auf diese Weise die Materialparameter direkt aus den Zerspanungsprozessen identifiziert werden. Die Spanformen und die Schnittkräfte der Simulation werden durch die systematische Variation der Materialparameter mit den entsprechenden Werten aus den Standardexperimenten abgestimmt. Die Robustheit des Verfahrens wird durch die Identifizierung von Parametern für zwei verschiedene Materialien, sowie die Durchführung von Optimierungen von verschiedenen Ausgangspunkten getestet. Ebenfalls werden Studien durchgeführt, um die Konvergenz zu verbessern, und um den Berechnungsaufwand zu reduzieren. Die Lösung, die aus dem inversen Identifikationsalgorithmus vorhergesagt wird, kann ebenfalls durch die Kenntnis des Einflusses der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Kurven auf die Spanformen und die Schnittkräfte verbessert werden, was auch den Berechnungsaufwand verringern kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass viele Parametersätze identifiziert werden können, die ähnliche Spanformen und Schnittkräfte zur Folge haben. Dies ist darin begründet, dass alle Parametersätze im Gebiet der Zerspanungverfahren die gleiche Fließspannungskurve wiedergeben. Um Parameter zu bestimmen, die über einen möglichst großen Bereich gültig sind, werden sich stark unterscheidende Schneidbedingungen für den Identifikationsprozess gewählt. Description Finite element simulation has become an important tool in understanding the chip formation process. Complex machining processes with complex chip morphologies have been simulated this way. An important challenge in the modelling of machining processes is that material parameters are not available which can robustly predict the material behaviour at large ranges of strains, strain rates and temperatures. During a continuous chip formation process, strains can reach up to 200%, strain rates can be of the order of 105 s−1 and temperature variation can be in the order of hundreds of degrees. In comparison, state-of-the-art experimental methods such as the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests can usually reach strains of up to 50% and strain rates of the order of 103 s−1. Data fitting techniques are then used to identify material parameters from the experimental data. Due to the large extrapolations involved, the machining simulation results do not robustly match the experimental results. The difficulty of using the material parameters determined from standard experiments for machining simulations is first shown for three different materials. The Johnson-Cook material parameters are obtained for Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-6246 and Alloy 625 from SHPB experiments. These are then used to simulate the chip formation using the finite element method. For Ti-15-3-3-3 and Ti-6246, segmented chip formation is observed. For Alloy 625, the Johnson-Cook model overestimates the material strength at high strains and the resulting machining simulation gives rise to a continuous chip. Therefore a modified Johnson-Cook model is used for machining simulations which forms segmented chip. The average cutting force in the three cases are predicted within 20% of the experimentally obtained values. There are significant differences in the predicted chip shapes and the experimentally obtained chip shapes. These differences can be attributed to the difficulty of predicting the material behaviour at conditions prevailing during machining. An inverse identification method is used to identify material parameters directly from machining processes to resolve this problem. The chip shapes and the cutting forces are matched to a standard by systematically varying the material parameters. The robustness of the method is tested by identifying parameters for two different materials and conducting optimisations from different starting points. Studies are also conducted to improve the convergence and reduce the computational expense. The knowledge of the effect of stress-strain curves on the chip shapes and the cutting forces can also be used to improve the optimised solution predicted by the inverse identification algorithm. This can lead to reduction in the computational expense. It is observed during the identification process that a number of parameter sets can be found which give rise to similar chips and cutting forces. This is because all the different parameter sets represent the same flow stress curve in the domain of machining. In order that the identified parameters are valid over a large machining domain, widely varying cutting conditions are chosen for the identification process.

Inverse identification of material parameters from machining processes

Inverse identification of material parameters from machining processes PDF Author: Aviral Shrot
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736943970
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264

Book Description
Kurzbeschreibung Die Finite-Elemente-Simulation ist ein wichtiges numerisches Werkzeug zur Verbesserung des Verständnisses des Spanbildungsprozesses. Mit dieser Methode können komplexe Bearbeitungsprozesse mit komplexen Span-Morphologien simuliert werden. Eine wichtige Herausforderung bei der Modellierung spanender Bearbeitungsverfahren ist, dass keine Materialparameter bekannt sind, die das Werkstoffverhalten unter stark variierenden Dehnungen, Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten und Temperaturen vorhersagen können. Während eines Fließspanbildungsprozesses können Dehnungen von bis zu 200%, sowie Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Größenordnung von 105 s−1 und Temperaturerhöhungen im Bereich von mehreren 100 ◦C auftreten. Im Vergleich dazu können experimentelle Methoden wie der Split-Hopkinson-Pressure-Bar-Test (SHPB) in der Regel Dehnungen von bis zu 50% und Dehnungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Größenordnung von 103 s−1 erreichen. Diese Tests können dazu genutzt werden, um mittels Datenanpassungsmethoden die Materialparameter aus den experimentellen Daten zu bestimmen. Aufgrund der großen Extrapolationsbereiche stimmen die Ergebnisse der Zerspanungssimulationen in der Regel nicht besonders gut mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen überein. Zuerst werden die Schwierigkeiten der Verwendung der Materialparameter, die aus Standard-Experimenten bestimmt werden, für die Zerspanungssimulationen von drei verschiedenen Werkstoffen aufgezeigt. Die Johnson-Cook-Parameter werden für Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-6246 und Alloy 625 aus SHPB-Experimenten bestimmt. Diese werden anschließend verwendet, um die Spanbildung mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Methode zu simulieren. Für Ti-15-3-3-3 und Ti-6246 wird die Bildung eines segmentierten Spans beobachtet. Für Alloy 625 wird die Materialfestigkeit bei hohen Dehnungen vom Johnson-Cook-Modell überschätzt, wodurch in der Simulation die Bildung eines Fließspans vorhergesagt wird. Daher wird ein modifiziertes Johnson-Cook-Modell für die Zerspanungssimulationen verwendet, resultierend in einer segmentierten Spanform. Die durchschnittlichen Schnittkräfte werden in den drei Fällen im Rahmen von 20% der experimentell erhaltenen Werte vorhergesagt. Es gibt deutliche Unterschiede in den vorhergesagten und den experimentell ermittelten Spanformen. Diese Unterschiede können auf die Schwierigkeit der Vorhersage des Materialverhaltens unter den während spanender Bearbeitung vorherrschenden Bedingungen zurückgeführt werden. Dieses Problem wird durch die Verwendung einer inversen Parameterbestimmungsmethode beseitigt, da auf diese Weise die Materialparameter direkt aus den Zerspanungsprozessen identifiziert werden. Die Spanformen und die Schnittkräfte der Simulation werden durch die systematische Variation der Materialparameter mit den entsprechenden Werten aus den Standardexperimenten abgestimmt. Die Robustheit des Verfahrens wird durch die Identifizierung von Parametern für zwei verschiedene Materialien, sowie die Durchführung von Optimierungen von verschiedenen Ausgangspunkten getestet. Ebenfalls werden Studien durchgeführt, um die Konvergenz zu verbessern, und um den Berechnungsaufwand zu reduzieren. Die Lösung, die aus dem inversen Identifikationsalgorithmus vorhergesagt wird, kann ebenfalls durch die Kenntnis des Einflusses der Spannungs-Dehnungs-Kurven auf die Spanformen und die Schnittkräfte verbessert werden, was auch den Berechnungsaufwand verringern kann. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass viele Parametersätze identifiziert werden können, die ähnliche Spanformen und Schnittkräfte zur Folge haben. Dies ist darin begründet, dass alle Parametersätze im Gebiet der Zerspanungverfahren die gleiche Fließspannungskurve wiedergeben. Um Parameter zu bestimmen, die über einen möglichst großen Bereich gültig sind, werden sich stark unterscheidende Schneidbedingungen für den Identifikationsprozess gewählt. Description Finite element simulation has become an important tool in understanding the chip formation process. Complex machining processes with complex chip morphologies have been simulated this way. An important challenge in the modelling of machining processes is that material parameters are not available which can robustly predict the material behaviour at large ranges of strains, strain rates and temperatures. During a continuous chip formation process, strains can reach up to 200%, strain rates can be of the order of 105 s−1 and temperature variation can be in the order of hundreds of degrees. In comparison, state-of-the-art experimental methods such as the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests can usually reach strains of up to 50% and strain rates of the order of 103 s−1. Data fitting techniques are then used to identify material parameters from the experimental data. Due to the large extrapolations involved, the machining simulation results do not robustly match the experimental results. The difficulty of using the material parameters determined from standard experiments for machining simulations is first shown for three different materials. The Johnson-Cook material parameters are obtained for Ti-15-3-3-3, Ti-6246 and Alloy 625 from SHPB experiments. These are then used to simulate the chip formation using the finite element method. For Ti-15-3-3-3 and Ti-6246, segmented chip formation is observed. For Alloy 625, the Johnson-Cook model overestimates the material strength at high strains and the resulting machining simulation gives rise to a continuous chip. Therefore a modified Johnson-Cook model is used for machining simulations which forms segmented chip. The average cutting force in the three cases are predicted within 20% of the experimentally obtained values. There are significant differences in the predicted chip shapes and the experimentally obtained chip shapes. These differences can be attributed to the difficulty of predicting the material behaviour at conditions prevailing during machining. An inverse identification method is used to identify material parameters directly from machining processes to resolve this problem. The chip shapes and the cutting forces are matched to a standard by systematically varying the material parameters. The robustness of the method is tested by identifying parameters for two different materials and conducting optimisations from different starting points. Studies are also conducted to improve the convergence and reduce the computational expense. The knowledge of the effect of stress-strain curves on the chip shapes and the cutting forces can also be used to improve the optimised solution predicted by the inverse identification algorithm. This can lead to reduction in the computational expense. It is observed during the identification process that a number of parameter sets can be found which give rise to similar chips and cutting forces. This is because all the different parameter sets represent the same flow stress curve in the domain of machining. In order that the identified parameters are valid over a large machining domain, widely varying cutting conditions are chosen for the identification process.

Advanced Machining Processes

Advanced Machining Processes PDF Author: Angelos P. Markopoulos
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315305267
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 327

Book Description
Modeling and machining are two terms closely related. The benefits of the application of modeling on machining are well known. The advances in technology call for the use of more sophisticated machining methods for the production of high-end components. In turn, more complex, more suitable, and reliable modeling methods are required. This book pertains to machining and modeling, but focuses on the special aspects of both. Many researchers in academia and industry, who are looking for ways to refine their work, make it more detailed, increase their accuracy and reliability, or implement new features, will gain access to knowledge in this book that is very scare to find elsewhere.

The Self-Optimizing Inverse Methodology for Material Parameter Identification and Distributed Damage Detection

The Self-Optimizing Inverse Methodology for Material Parameter Identification and Distributed Damage Detection PDF Author: Josh Weaver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Elasticity
Languages : en
Pages : 107

Book Description
Understanding and predicting the behavior of structures under specific operating conditions is a fundamental task of structural engineers. Scientific principles are used to model the characteristics of a material's response to these various mechanical loads. Using experimental data, constitutive models can be created that provide a mathematical description of a materials response. However, these constitutive models require numerous parameters to be identified. In order to calculate these parameters, inverse parameter identification algorithms can be used. These constitutive models apply a homogenous distribution of the material parameters across a structural component. However, in reality there is often a heterogeneous distribution of these material parameters across the structure. This can be due to a variety of reasons including the characteristics of the raw material, geometry, manufacturing processes, fatigue and damage. In order to model this heterogeneous distribution, stochastic methods can be deployed. In this research, an inverse parameter identification method known as the Self-Optimizing Inverse Methodology (Self-OPTIM) will be used to create a powerful and easy to use software framework for parameter identification. This software framework includes capabilities to parallelize finite element simulation to reduce the time of optimization. In addition, this framework will include a stochastic methodology that can be used to model heterogeneous distributions of material parameters across a structural component. Using this software, the capabilities of Self-OPTIM will be tested on various constitutive models to demonstrate its ease of use as well as its superiority to other methods using boundary information as its primary input.

Multiscale Modeling of Thermomechanical Loads in the Broaching of Direct Aged Inconel 718

Multiscale Modeling of Thermomechanical Loads in the Broaching of Direct Aged Inconel 718 PDF Author: Bingxiao Peng
Publisher: Apprimus Wissenschaftsverlag
ISBN: 3863599306
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 194

Book Description
The broaching process remains an essential machining process when manufacturing fir tree slots in turbine disks for aircraft engines. The cost- and time-intensive experiment-based approach restricts the application of alternative cutting tool materials when broaching nickel-based alloys. Given the accuracy and computation time, the developed model-based multiscale approach presents great advantages in prediction of the broaching process and thus can accelerate the development process.

Modeling the Material Behavior under Metal Cutting Conditions

Modeling the Material Behavior under Metal Cutting Conditions PDF Author: Marvin Hardt
Publisher: Apprimus Wissenschaftsverlag
ISBN: 3985550611
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 204

Book Description
The scientific goal of the present work was to model the workpiece material behavior of steels in the metal cutting process depending on the occurring thermo-mechanical loads. The results of this work shall make a significant contribution to the predictive process design of the cutting process by means of Finite Element (FE) simulations for the virtual representation of the reality in the sense of the digital twin. To achieve the objective, extensive empirical examinations were conducted in a first step, which included conventional material scientific and orthogonal cutting tests. This enabled the establishment of a database of the workpiece response with increasing thermo-mechanical loads. During the orthogonal cutting examinations, integral and locally resolved process results were measured, which were used as calibration and validation variables in the modeling of the workpiece material behavior. By extending an established friction test bench with a workpiece pre-heating system, the friction conditions between tool and workpiece could be investigated under conditions equivalent to the cutting process. Based on the experimental results, a friction model was derived, in which the observed effects of thermal softening and the localized adhesion-induced increase in the apparent friction coefficient were superposed. A phenomenological material model was developed to describe the workpiece material behavior in the cutting process. The formulation of the material mode was developed based on empirical examinations as well as results from the state of the art. The material model was implemented in an FE-chip formation simulation using a subroutine. A hybrid optimization algorithm was developed to inversely determine the material model parameters. By means of the optimization algorithm, the material model parameters could be systematically determined inversely, taking the experimentally determined process observables into account. An automated procedure linked to a user interface lowered the entry hurdle for industrial companies and unexperienced users of FE-simulations and reduced the computational effort for the inverse parameter determination to about 10 days of computational execution time. The quality of the developed models and the determined model parameters were further verified by a final deduction step using the industrial example of face turning.

High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials

High Performance and Optimum Design of Structures and Materials PDF Author: W. P. De Wilde
Publisher: WIT Press
ISBN: 1845647742
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 705

Book Description
The use of novel materials and new structural concepts nowadays is not restricted to highly technical areas like aerospace, aeronautical applications or the automotive industry, but affects all engineering fields including those such as civil engineering and architecture. Addressing issues involving advanced types of structures, particularly those based on new concepts or new materials and their system design, contributions highlight the latest developments in design, optimisation, manufacturing and experimentation. Also included are contributions on new software, numerical methods and different optimisation techniques. Optimisation problems of interest involve those related to size, shape and topology of structures and materials. Most high performance structures require the development of a generation of new materials, which can more easily resist a range of external stimuli or react in a non-conventional manner. Particular emphasis is placed on intelligent structures and materials as well as the application of computational methods for their modelling, control and management. Optimisation techniques have much to offer to those involved in the design of new industrial products. The formulation of optimum design has evolved from the time it was purely an academic topic, able now to satisfy the requirements of real life prototypes. The development of new algorithms and the appearance of powerful commercial computer codes, with easy to use graphical interfaces, have created a fertile field for the incorporation of optimisation in the design process in all engineering disciplines. This proceedings volume is the first from a new edition of the High Performance Design of Structures and Materials and the Optimum Design of Structures conferences, which follows the success of a number of meetings that originated in 1989. Topics covered include: Composite materials & structures; Material characterisation; Experiments and numerical analysis; Steel structures; High performance concretes; Natural fibre composites; Transformable structures; Lightweight structures; Timber structures; Environmentally friendly and sustainable structures; Emerging structural applications; Optimisation in civil engineering; Evolutionary methods in optimisation; Shape and topology optimisation; Aerospace structures; Structural optimisation; Biomechanics application; Material optimisation; Life cost optimisation; Intelligence structures and smart materials.

Tribology of Manufacturing Processes

Tribology of Manufacturing Processes PDF Author:
Publisher: Presses des MINES
ISBN: 291125628X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 45

Book Description


Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 6

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 6 PDF Author: Rachael C Tighe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031174755
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 96

Book Description
Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 6 of the Proceedings of the 2022 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the sixth volume of six from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Test Design and Inverse Method Algorithms Inverse Problems: Virtual Fields Method Material Characterizations Using Thermography Fatigue, Damage & Fracture Evaluation Using Infrared Thermography Residual Stress Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies, Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, and Advancements in Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation, Volume 4

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies, Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, and Advancements in Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation, Volume 4 PDF Author: Sharlotte L.B. Kramer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030867455
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 109

Book Description
Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, and Advancement of Optical Methods & Digital Image Correlation, Volume 4 of the Proceedings of the 2021 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the fourth volume of four from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Test Design and Inverse Method Algorithms Inverse Problems: Virtual Fields Method Material Characterizations Using Thermography Fatigue, Damage & Fracture Evaluation Using Infrared Thermography Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials DIC Methods & Its Applications Photoelasticity and Interferometry Applications Micro-Optics and Microscopic Systems Multiscale and New Developments in Optical Methods

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 7

Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Inverse Problem Methodologies and Mechanics of Additive & Advanced Manufactured Materials, Volume 7 PDF Author: Sharlotte L.B. Kramer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030598640
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 112

Book Description
Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging and Inverse Problems, Volume 7 of the Proceedings of the 2020 SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the seventh volume of sseven from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Test Design and Inverse Method Algorithms Inverse Problems: Virtual Fields Method Residual Stresses: Measurement, Uncertainty & Validation Residual Stresses: Eigenvalues, Modeling, & Crack Growth Material Characterizations Using Thermography Fatigue, Damage & Fracture Evaluation Using Infrared Thermography