Intralocus Tactical Conflict as a Constraint on the Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Tactics in Xiphophorus Multilineatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) PDF Download
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Author: Melissa Nena Liotta Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sexual dimorphism (Animals) Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) occur when members of the same sex within a species are dimorphic for reproductive phenotypes. ARTs typically evolve in response to strong sexual selection and involve alternate ways to gain reproductive success through suites of correlated behavioral, morphological, and life history traits. Due to their shared genome, ARTs likely share the genetic architecture for homologous traits, yet may have different phenotypic optima for these traits. If this is the case, the evolution of dimorphism or further dimorphism towards an ART’s specific optimum may be constrained by their genetic architecture, resulting in intralocus tactical conflict (IATC). Studies on the evolutionary effects of intralocus conflict have mainly focused on shared traits between the sexes, while investigations into intralocus conflict on ARTs is relatively new. My dissertation investigates whether IATC is acting on shared reproductive traits between the male ARTs of the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus. Xiphophorus multilineatus males exhibit two ARTs, a courter that uses only courtship to attract females, and a sneaker that is behaviorally plastic and uses both courtship and forced copulatory sneak-chases. In chapter 1, I characterized the dimorphism between courter and sneaker males for body shape, which has implications for swimming performance and thus successful execution of each ARTs’ mating behavior. In addition, I investigated the relationship between body shape and mating behavior in the sneaker males to determine if sneak-chase and courtship is phenotypically integrated with body shape. I found that courter and sneaker males are dimorphic for body shape, even when males overlap in size, and that more fusiform sneaker males are more likely to use sneak-chase behavior.
Author: Melissa Nena Liotta Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sexual dimorphism (Animals) Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) occur when members of the same sex within a species are dimorphic for reproductive phenotypes. ARTs typically evolve in response to strong sexual selection and involve alternate ways to gain reproductive success through suites of correlated behavioral, morphological, and life history traits. Due to their shared genome, ARTs likely share the genetic architecture for homologous traits, yet may have different phenotypic optima for these traits. If this is the case, the evolution of dimorphism or further dimorphism towards an ART’s specific optimum may be constrained by their genetic architecture, resulting in intralocus tactical conflict (IATC). Studies on the evolutionary effects of intralocus conflict have mainly focused on shared traits between the sexes, while investigations into intralocus conflict on ARTs is relatively new. My dissertation investigates whether IATC is acting on shared reproductive traits between the male ARTs of the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus. Xiphophorus multilineatus males exhibit two ARTs, a courter that uses only courtship to attract females, and a sneaker that is behaviorally plastic and uses both courtship and forced copulatory sneak-chases. In chapter 1, I characterized the dimorphism between courter and sneaker males for body shape, which has implications for swimming performance and thus successful execution of each ARTs’ mating behavior. In addition, I investigated the relationship between body shape and mating behavior in the sneaker males to determine if sneak-chase and courtship is phenotypically integrated with body shape. I found that courter and sneaker males are dimorphic for body shape, even when males overlap in size, and that more fusiform sneaker males are more likely to use sneak-chase behavior.
Author: Rui F. Oliveira Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139469525 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
The study of alternative reproductive tactics (the behavioural strategies used by individuals to increase their reproductive success) is an evolutionary puzzle, and one of great interest to researchers. For instance, why do some males guard both nest and eggs, while others sneak into nests while pairs are spawning and fertilise those eggs? The field offers a special opportunity to study the evolution and functional causes of phenotypic variation, which is a general problem in the field of evolutionary biology. By integrating both mechanistic (psychological) and evolutionary (behavioural ecology) perspectives and by covering a great diversity of species, Alternative Reproductive Tactics addresses this integrated topic of longstanding interest, bringing together a multitude of otherwise scattered information in an accessible form that is ideal for graduate students and researchers.
Author: Jonathan P. Evans Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 9780226222745 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The history of biology is populated by numerous model species or organisms. But few vertebrate groups have aided evolutionary and ecological research more than the live-bearing fishes of the family Poeciliidae. Found throughout tropical and subtropical waters, poeciliids exhibit a fascinating variety of reproductive specializations, including viviparity, matrotrophy, unisexual reproduction, and alternative mating strategies, making them ideal models for research on patterns and processes in ecology, behavior, and evolution. Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes is a much-needed overview of the scientific potential and understanding of these live-bearing fishes. Chapters by leading researchers take up a wide range of topics, including the evolution of unisexual reproduction, life in extreme environments, life-history evolution, and genetics. Designed to provide a single and highly approachable reference, Ecology and Evolution of Poeciliid Fishes will appeal to students and specialists interested in all aspects of evolutionary ecology.
Author: Michael J. Ryan Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226732290 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
In a Panamanian pond, male túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) gather in choruses, giving their "advertisement" call to the females that move among them. If a female chooses to make physical contact with a male, he will clasp her and eventually fertilize her eggs. But in vying for the females, the males whose calls are most attractive may also attract the interest of another creature: the fringe-lipped bat, a frog eater. In the Túngara Frog, the most detailed and informative single study available of frogs and their reproductive behavior, Michael J. Ryan demonstrates the interplay of sexual and natural selection. Using techniques from ethology, behavioral ecology, sensory physiology, physiological ecology, and theoretical population genetics in his research, Ryan shows that large males with low-frequency calls mate most successfully. He examines in detail a number of explanations for the females' preferences, and he considers possible evolutionary forces leading to the males' success. Though certain vocalizations allow males to obtain mates and thus should be favored by sexual selection, this study highlights two important costs of such sexual displays: the frogs expand considerable energy in their mating calls, and they advertise their whereabouts to predators. Ryan considers in detail how predators, especially the frige-lipped bat (Trachops cirrhosus), affect the evolution of the túngara frog's calls.
Author: Nils Anthes Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642026249 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 712
Book Description
This up-to-date review examines key areas of animal behaviour, including communication, cognition, conflict, cooperation, sexual selection and behavioural variation. Various tests are covered, including recent empirical examples.
Author: L. Maddock Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521460781 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
This volume brings together current research on a wide range of swimming organisms, with an emphasis on the biomechanics, physiology and hydrodynamics of swimming in or on water. Several chapters deal with different aspects of fish swimming, from the use of different 'gaits' to the operation of the locomotor muscles. All chapters are by recognised authorities in their different fields, and all are accessible to biologists interested in aquatic locomotion.
Author: T.M. Zaret Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401576823 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
In August of 1980, near the whistlestop of Maltby, Surely, we would plead, the U. S. A. , a wealthy Washington, Don Stewart and I met in my rented nation,can fund our proposal if only as a gesture of house trailer to sketch a proposal to the National support to foreign scientists. Somehow, however, Science Foundation. Our goal was simple: to re we seemed to miss deadlines, fall in-between the quest from the Foundation air fare and per diem for cracks, and miss the right connections. It was not approximately 20 Latin American scientists to at until May, 1982, several weeks before the proposed tend a workshop entitled the 'Systematics and workshop, that we realized we could not find any Evolutionary Ecology of Neotropical Freshwater funds for bringing Latin American scientists to the Fishes' that would follow the 1982 ASIH (Ameri U. S. The programs for the meeting had been can Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists) printed, the meal coupons, banquet tickets, and all meeting. We had presented an initial outline for our the other amenities that come with a professional proposal to a number ofcolleagues in . June of 1980 meeting were ready, but we had no Latin American at the ASIH meeting at Texas Christian University ichthyologists as participants. Some abstracts were in Fort Worth, Texas. The steering committee for being received by the program organizers, but the workshop, consisting of a dozen senior scien without U. S.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 9780123744968 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
This volume reviews our current understanding for how sex determination is initiated and how it results in sexual dimorphic development. Chapters discussing work on different model systems provide a basis for understanding similarities that exist between different species. Coverage includes discussion of sexual development of the soma in C. elegans; sexual development of the germline in C. elegans; sexual development of the soma in Drosophila; sexual development of the germline in Drosophila; sexual development of the soma in the mouse; sexual development of the germline in the mouse; control of sex-specific behavior in Drosophila; and control of sex-specific behavior in vertebrates. * Uncovers the latest research findings on sexual determination and sexual development * Model systems illustrate key sexual similarities * Explores in-depth the origins of sex specific behavior
Author: Melissa Nena Liotta
Author: Melissa Nena Liotta
Author: Rui F. Oliveira
Author: Gary K. Meffe
Author: Jonathan P. Evans
Author: Michael J. Ryan
Author: Nils Anthes
Author: L. Maddock
Author: T.M. Zaret
Author: