Author: Esther Duflo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economic development Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
We study resource allocation within households in Côte d'Ivoire. In Côte d'Ivoire, as in much of Africa, husbands and wives farm separate plots, and there is some specialization by gender in the crops that are grown. These different crops are differentially sensitive to particular kinds of rainfall shocks. We find that conditional on overall levels of expenditure, the composition of household expenditure is sensitive to the gender of the recipient of a rainfall shock. For example, rainfall shocks associated with high yields of women's crops shift expenditure towards food. Strong social norms constrain the use of profits from yam cultivation, which is carried out almost exclusively by men. In line with these norms, we find that rainfall-induced fluctuations in income from yams are transmitted to expenditures on education and food, not to expenditures on private goods (like alcohol and tobacco). We reject the hypothesis of complete insurance within households, even with respect to publicly observable weather shocks. Different sources of income are allocated to different uses depending upon both the identity of the income earner and upon the origin of the income.
Author: José Antonio Ocampo Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231546165 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
The welfare state has been under attack for decades, but now more than ever there is a need for strong social protection systems—the best tools we have to combat inequality, support social justice, and even improve economic performance. In this book, José Antonio Ocampo and Joseph E. Stiglitz bring together distinguished contributors to examine the global variations of social programs and make the case for a redesigned twenty-first-century welfare state. The Welfare State Revisited takes on major debates about social well-being, considering the merits of universal versus targeted policies; responses to market failures; integrating welfare and economic development; and how welfare states around the world have changed since the neoliberal turn. Contributors offer prescriptions for how to respond to the demands generated by demographic changes, the changing role of the family, new features of labor markets, the challenges of aging societies, and technological change. They consider how strengthening or weakening social protection programs affects inequality, suggesting ways to facilitate the spread of effective welfare states throughout the world, especially in developing countries. Presenting new insights into the functions the welfare state can fulfill and how to design a more efficient and more equitable system, The Welfare State Revisited is essential reading on the most discussed issues in social welfare today.
Author: Esha Sraboni Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
Womens low status and persistent gender gaps in health and education in South Asia contribute to chronic child malnutrition (Smith et al. 2003) and food insecurity (von Grebmer et al. 2009), even as other determinants of food security, such as per capita incomes, have improved. This is particularly relevant for Bangladesh, where chronic food insecurity continues to be an important issue despite steady advances in food production. To be able to leverage agriculture as an engine of inclusive growth, there is a need to develop indicators for measuring womens empowerment, examine its relationship to various food-security outcomes, and monitor the impact of interventions to empower women. Using nationally representative survey data from Bangladesh, we examine the relationship between womens empowerment in agriculture and two measures of household food security: per adult equivalent calorie availability and dietary diversity. We use the Womens Empowerment in Agriculture Index to assess the extent of womens empowerment in agriculture and instrumental variables techniques to correct for the potential endogeneity of empowerment. We find that the overall womens empowerment score, the number of groups in which women actively participate, womens control of assets, and a narrowing gap in empowerment between men and women within households are positively associated with calorie availability and dietary diversity.
Author: Namizata Binaté Fofana Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9086867022 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 203
Book Description
This book deals with the effectiveness and the capability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) to enhance women’s livelihoods and empowerment and to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS in Côte d’Ivoire. The results show that MFI credit causes positive and negative effects. MFI credit has improved incomes, the level of farm production and human and social capital. MFI credit has also enhanced women’s decision-making power within households due to their new ability to contribute to the improvement of the household standard of living. Furthermore, women’s empowerment regarding the demand for and the use of credit give them more opportunity to obtain MFI credit. Despite the positive effects of MFIs on women’s income, this publication shows that loan repayment was not successful among some female borrowers due to the fact that the loan has not been used for investment purposes. For MFIs, the diversion of loans can endanger their functioning and sustainability and therefore their effectiveness in rural areas. Regarding HIV, this book highlights the diversity and the specificity of the way HIV-affected individuals are financially supported by credit institutions. Both the direct and indirect effects of HIV and AIDS on women’s livelihood and MFIs are analysed.
Author: Bernard, Tanguy Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 55
Book Description
We study decision-making in dairy farming households in Senegal and investigate respondents’ perceptions of why a particular person made the decision. Using vignettes, we ask respondents how similar they are to five types of households. We analyze how the identity of the decision-maker and the rationale for decision-making are related to milk production, hemoglobin levels among children, and satisfaction with decisions. We find that while male dictators achieve better outcomes than most decision-making structures, households in which husbands (wives) decide because they are most informed produce more milk than households in which husbands (wives) decide because they are dictators.
Author: Martin Browning Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521791596 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 511
Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive, modern, and self-contained account of the research in the growing area of family economics. It is intended for graduate students in economics and for researchers in other fields interested in the economic approach to the family.
Author: Deborah Bryceson Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000323803 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
How effective is western aid-agency intervention in Africa? What can African women do to manage the AIDS crisis? Can western feminist theory be applied to the rural African context?These vital issues, and many others, are considered in this topical book by eminent scholars and development consultants. The book aims to increase awareness of the importance of women agricultural producers to African material development and to expose the western biases that have traditionally pervaded the study of rural African women. The authors' critical analyses of conventional research methodology and key 'women and development' debates over the last three decades will stimulate new research perspectives. Students and scholars of development, development workers and policymakers will all find this book fascinating reading.
Author: Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing Publisher: International Food Policy Research Insitute ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 296
Author: Esther Duflo
Author: Lawrence Haddad
Author: Jessica Patton
Author: José Antonio Ocampo
Author: Esha Sraboni
Author: Namizata Binaté Fofana
Author: Bernard, Tanguy
Author: Martin Browning
Author: Deborah Bryceson
Author: Maria Agnes R. Quisumbing