Author: Luis J. Giraudo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Book Description

Author: Drew Trussell Newcomer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cropping systems
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Book Description

Author: Philip A. Banks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paraquat
Languages : en
Pages : 6

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Book Description

Author: Karen Ann Corrigan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description

Author: Jerry Leo III. Wilhm
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicides
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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Book Description

Author: Robert Lynn Oakes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Datura stramonium
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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Book Description

Author: Colton P. Carmody
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Double cropping
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Book Description
The agricultural practice of 'double-cropping,' harvesting two crops from the same piece of land in a single growing season, is a popular practice in Southern Illinois where growers often plant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) soon after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis L. Cronq.) competition and lack of control can cause detrimental effects on yield for double-crop producers in Illinois due to the development of multiple herbicide resistance in this weed species. To combat this problem of herbicide resistance, new herbicide-tolerant soybean technologies and new herbicide formulations have been developed, but these technologies will quickly lose efficacy unless stewarded properly. Therefore, our objective for this study was to evaluate the control of horseweed and other weeds and crop yield as influenced by weed-cutting height, herbicide treatments, timing of herbicide application in three studies (a greenhouse study and in-crop and non-crop field studies) with the goal of improving weed management in double-crop soybean. Data obtained from the non-crop study that focused on the evaluation of different cutting heights, herbicide treatments and application timings was observed to be significantly different by weed species evaluated: horseweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). Horseweed control and biomass accumulation was observed to be strongly influenced by cutting height, where cutting to 15 cm resulted in the greatest control efficacy and reduction in overall biomass irrespective of herbicide treatment used. While application timing following cutting in relation to control efficacy and biomass accumulation was only observed to be significant based upon the translocation properties of the herbicide applied, i.e. contact or systemic. Differences in the perennial weed species Canada goldenrod were observed compared to horseweed; cutting in combination with herbicide treatments resulted in a decrease in control compared to herbicide applications made to noncut Canada goldenrod plants. Data obtained in this study suggest that cutting in combination with the use of effective burndown herbicides may lead to increased control of certain weed species and could be a component of herbicide technology stewardship in double-crop soybeans. The in-crop study focused on evaluating yield potential of burndown herbicides in double-crop soybean systems. Observations from this study revealed that similarly to full-season beans, yield in double-crop soybeans was limited dependent upon the burndown herbicide programs ability to achieve broad-spectrum weed control. When effective burndown herbicides dicamba, glufosinate, and paraquat were combined with herbicides that possessed the ability to provide soil residual activity, such as saflufenacil, chlorimuron, chloransulam, metribuzin, sulfentrazone or flumioxazin, yield potential was maximized compared to these active ingredients applied as standalone treatments. Data from this study further stresses the importance of utilizing multiple effective sites of actions to achieve higher yields while maintaining good herbicide stewardship practices.

Author: Kelly Allan Nelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Herbicides
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Book Description

Author: Jeffrey Andrew Liebert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Book Description
Cultural practices are an integral component of a multi-tactic approach to weed management. In cover crop-based organic rotational no-till soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production, these practices play a particularly important role in the absence of mechanical weed management. In this system, a fall-planted winter cereal cover crop, such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), is mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper in the spring to create a layer of mulch. Soybean is then no-till planted through the mulch, which serves as the primary form of weed suppression. Species and cultivar selection, planting date, planting rate, timing of termination, and fertility management are all common cultural practices that can be used to enhance the weed suppression effects provided by these fall-planted cover crops. Previous research has focused on adjusting these practices to maximize cereal rye biomass and create a thick layer of mulch. However, high biomass production can be difficult to achieve, and thick mulch can impede adequate seed-to-soil contact during soybean planting. To overcome the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, our research investigated cultural practices that enhance shading before and after no-till planting soybean. In this way, our research aimed to optimize both early- and late-season weed suppression, which has the potential to improve soybean performance and economic profitability. Based on differences in plant height and leaf morphology, our first experiment assessed whether intercropping barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cereal rye would improve shading prior to termination and reduce weed biomass compared with either species in monoculture. In contrast to previous efforts to improve weed suppression through cover crop management, our approach was predicated on enhanced shading without a concomitant increase in biomass production. Conducted from 2012 to 2014 in central New York, the two species were seeded in a replacement series (barley:cereal rye, 0:100 , 50:50, and 100:0). Average weed biomass across all treatments in late summer ranged from 0.5 to 1.1 Mg ha-1 in 2013 and 0.6 to 1.3 Mg ha-1 in 2014. Although weed biomass tended to decrease as the proportion of cereal rye in the mixture increased, soybean population also decreased as the proportion of cereal rye increased in 2013. The results from our partial correlation analyses indicated that shading prior to cover crop termination explained more variation in weed biomass than cover crop biomass. Our second experiment examined the cultural practice of using high soybean planting rates to improve weed suppression by attaining canopy closure more rapidly and maximizing light interception. This tactic can minimize weed germination, decrease weed competitive ability, and reduce the fecundity of weeds that have emerged prior to terminating a cover crop with a rollercrimper, thereby improving long-term weed seedbank management. The experiment was conducted in 2014 in central (Aurora) and eastern (Hurley) New York, and planting rates of 198,000; 395,000; 595,000; 790,000; and 990,000 seeds ha-1 were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Weed biomass decreased and soybean yield increased as soybean population increased at both sites. An asymptotic relationship between increasing soybean population and yield was observed, and the maximum yields were estimated at 2,506 kg ha-1 in Aurora and 3,282 kg ha-1 in Hurley. Partial returns declined beyond the predicted economically optimal planting rates of 650,000 and 720,000 seeds ha-1 in Aurora and Hurley, respectively, as greater seed costs were no longer offset by an increase in soybean yield. Our research has demonstrated that there are meaningful gains to be made by optimizing cultural practices for both cover crop and soybean management. Enhancing early-season shading with cover crop mixtures has the potential to minimize the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, while still maintaining adequate weed suppression. As a complementary cultural practice, high soybean planting rates can improve late-season shading via earlier canopy closure, which contributes to enhanced weed suppression, higher yields, and greater profitability.

Author: Robert L. Zimdahl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470290102
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 235

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Book Description
For the past 20 years, the first edition of this text has been widely cited as authoritative academic reference. The latest edition continues the tradition set by the original book, and covers weed science research that has been published since 1980. This book aims to reduce the instance of research duplication—saving scientists and supporting institutions time and money. Not only does the second edition of Weed Crop Competition review, summarize, and combine current research; it critiques the research as well. This text has the potential to accelerate advancements in weed crop competition, which remains an important factor that affects crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to literature is often limited or nonexistent, will find the information in this text invaluable. Weed scientists, crop scientists, plant ecologists, sustainable agriculturists, and organic agriculturists will be well-pleased with this long overdue and much needed new editionWeed Crop Competition provides a unique reference that reviews, summarises and synthesizes the literature published concerning research on this topic. The first edition has been one of the most frequently cited sources in weed science for the past 20 years. The second edition covers the significant body of literature that has been published since 1980. Originally intended to survey existing research, the intent of the book is to reduce the instance of research duplication, thus saving scientists and their institutions time and money, and expediting advancements in weed crop competition, an important factor affecting crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to the literature is often limited or non-existent, find the information an invaluable resource. This long overdue and much needed new edition rejuvenates the tradition set by the original book.