U.S. Waste Exports PDF Download

Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Transportation and Hazardous Materials
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Export controls
Languages : en
Pages : 512

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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental policy
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exports
Languages : en
Pages : 524

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Author: Jim Vallette
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Commerce
Languages : en
Pages : 152

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Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1457820412
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Author: Jennifer Clapp
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501735934
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195

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In recent years, international trade in toxic waste and hazardous technologies by firms in rich industrialized countries has emerged as a routine practice. Many poor countries have accepted these deadly imports but are ill equipped to manage the materials safely. For more than a decade, environmentalists and the governments of developing countries have lobbied intensively and generated public outcry in an attempt to halt hazardous transfers from Northern industrialized nations to the Third World, but the practice continues.In her insightful and important book, Jennifer Clapp addresses this alarming problem. Clapp describes the responses of those engaged in hazard transfer to international regulations, and in particular to the 1989 adoption of the Basel Convention. She pinpoints a key weakness of the regulations—because hazard transfer is dynamic, efforts to stop one form of toxic export prompt new forms to emerge. For instance, laws intended to ban the disposal of toxic wastes in the Third World led corporations to ship these byproducts to poor countries for "recycling." And, Clapp warns, current efforts to prohibit this "recycling movement" may accelerate a new business endeavor: the relocation to poor countries of entire industries that generate toxic wastes.Clapp concludes that the dynamic nature of hazard transfer results from increasingly fluid global trade and investment relations in the context of a highly unequal world, and from the leading role played by multinational corporations and environmental NGOs. Governments, she maintains, have for too long failed to capture the initiative and have instead only reacted to these opposing forces.

Author: Jeffrey M. Gaba
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The international trade in hazardous wastes has been a subject of controversy for decades. Notorious examples of hazardous wastes being improperly disposed of in Africa have created concern about the legitimacy of developed western countries “dumping” the hazardous byproducts of their industrial development on less-developed countries. This article examines the legal bases for EPA's regulation of the exports of hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. It contains a detailed examination of EPA's complex sets of export regulations and provides data on the actual scope of exports reported to EPA. It examines a series of questions regarding EPA's authority to regulate the export of hazardous wastes: what domestic authority does EPA derive from the international agreements; what is the scope of EPA's authority to exclude hazardous wastes from export control; what authority does EPA have to ban the export of hazardous wastes to countries with whom we do not have an international agreement and which may not manage the waste properly? The article also examines the extent to which EPA regulations address the significant concerns associated with the largely unregulated export of electronic wastes. The article reaches a number of perhaps surprising conclusions. First, the article suggests that provisions of RCRA that purport to give domestic legal effect to future international agreements would violate constitutional procedures required to implement actions with legislative effect. It also analyzes case law that suggests that conferring binding authority on a Decision of the OECD would constitute an unconstitutional delegation of authority to an international entity. Second, the article questions the legal basis of the U.S. decision not to ratify the Basel Convention on the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Waste. Although the U.S. has signed and the Senate has consented to ratification, the U.S. has not formally ratified the Convention based on the position of the Department of State and EPA that Basel cannot be implemented without statutory changes to RCRA. This article suggests that RCRA currently contains adequate authority to implement Basel and thus ratification could be immediately undertaken. The article argues, however, that control of the international trade in U.S. hazardous waste may be better served by the U.S. not ratifying Basel. Third, there may be a substantial misperception, fostered by EPA, about the regulation of electronic wastes under RCRA. EPA has suggested that only waste “cathode ray tubes” are a hazardous waste under RCRA, but EPA's own data suggest that a substantial amount of other e-wastes should be classified as hazardous wastes and thus subject to export controls. Perhaps the most significant step EPA could take to strengthen its existing export regulations would be to clarify the status of such e-wastes. Fourth, EPA does have the authority under RCRA to impose export controls on hazardous wastes that it has excluded from domestic regulation. Thus, EPA could regulate the export of e-wastes while not imposing requirements on the domestic recycling of such wastes. Finally, EPA's management of the export of hazardous waste would be improved by providing more transparency through online posting of export data. Concerns about releasing confidential business information do not stand as a significant obstacle to providing this information.

Author: Christoph Hilz
Publisher: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
ISBN:
Category : Hazardous waste management industry
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Book Description
Examines current policies governing transboundary movement of hazardous waste and offers concrete recommendations for strengthening international regulations.

Author: Kate O'Neill
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262263971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 318

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Book Description
When most people think of hazardous waste trading, they think of egregious dumping by U.S. and European firms on poor countries in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. But over 80 percent of the waste trade takes place between industrialized nations and is legal by domestic and international standards. In Waste Trading among Rich Nations, Kate O'Neill asks why some industrialized nations voluntarily import such wastes in the absence of pressing economic need. She focuses on Britain as an importer and Germany as an exporter and also looks at France, Australia, and Japan. According to O'Neill, most important in determining whether an industrialized democracy imports waste are two aspects of its regulatory system. The first is the structure of the regulatory process—how powers and responsibilities are allocated among different agencies and levels of government—and the structure of the hazardous waste disposal industry. The second is what O'Neill calls the "style" of environmental regulation, in particular access to the policy process and mode of implementation. Hazardous waste management is in crisis in most industrialized countries and is becoming increasingly controversial in international negotiations. O'Neill not only examines waste trading empirically but also develops a theoretical model of comparative regulation that can be used to establish links between domestic and international environmental politics.