Intercomparisons of Tree Global Bottom-up Anthropogenic Emission Inventories PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Intercomparisons of Tree Global Bottom-up Anthropogenic Emission Inventories PDF full book. Access full book title Intercomparisons of Tree Global Bottom-up Anthropogenic Emission Inventories by Halima Salah. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Halima Salah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air quality Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Air pollution from human activities plays an important role in affecting ambient air quality, climate change and human health. To provide changes in global environmental policies to reduce air pollution, emission inventories are critical as they aide in the understanding of air quality impacts across multiple scales. The state-of-the-science global bottom-up anthropogenic emission inventories are the Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants version 6b (ECLIPSEv6b) for emissions from 1990-2050, Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 5.0 (EDGARv5) for emissions from 1970-2015, and the Community Emissions Data System that was released in April 2021 (CEDS) for emissions from 1750-2019. In this study, we inter-compared the global annual total and spatial variability of air pollutants among these three emission inventories (ECLIPSEv6b, CEDS, and EDGARv5) for the year 2015 for trace gases and aerosols, including black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). We also employed the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry version 6.0 (CAM6-Chem) within the NCAR Community Earth System Model version 2.1.3 (CESM2) to quantify the atmospheric chemistry and air quality impacts using the ECLIPSEv6b. Global annual total emissions of BC, OC, NOx, NH3, SO2, CO and NMVOCs from CEDS for the year 2015 are 6045, 13869, 122022, 59502, 92148, 566620, 149680 kilo tons/year, respectively. Compared with the emissions from EDGARv5, global annual total BC, OC and NH3 emissions in CEDS for the year 2015 are 18.43%, 18.18%, and 21.13% higher. However, global annual total CO emissions from EDGARv5 are 12.46% higher than that from CEDS. For NOx, SO2, and NMVOCs, values from CEDS and EDGARv5 are quite close, with 3.72%, 5.21%, and 0.56% differences between CEDS and EDGARv5. For ECLIPSEv6b, global annual total emissions of BC, OC, NOx, NH3, SO2, CO and NMVOCs in 2015 are 6352, 13763, 124895, 60986, 73335, 548381, 112031 kt/year, respectively. Global annual total of BC, NOx, and NH3 from ECLIPSEv6b are 5.07%, 2.30% and 2.49% higher than the values from CEDS, whereas global annual total of OC, SO2, CO and NMVOCs are 0.77%, 20.42%, 3.22% and 25.15% smaller than that from CEDS. Major sources of CEDS emissions come from eastern Asia and parts of India. A majority of NOx emissions for ECLIPSEv6b is concentrated in Asia, North America (East Coast US, Midwest US, and Mexico), South America (Brazil), and western Europe. We find that global mean summertime model simulated surface BC, primary organic matter (POM) and ozone concentrations in response to ECLIPSEv6b are 0.05 1̐Ưg/m3, 0.52 1̐Ưg/m3 and 21.3 ppb, respectively. For summertime surface BC, large impacts are found in Asia, North America, eastern Europe and southern Africa, whereas important impacts for POM are located over Asia, southern Africa, and western coast of North America. Future studies will thoroughly compare the model simulated PM2.5 and ozone impacts from ECLIPSEv6b, CEDS and EDGARv5 in CESM2 CAM6-Chem.
Author: Halima Salah Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air quality Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Air pollution from human activities plays an important role in affecting ambient air quality, climate change and human health. To provide changes in global environmental policies to reduce air pollution, emission inventories are critical as they aide in the understanding of air quality impacts across multiple scales. The state-of-the-science global bottom-up anthropogenic emission inventories are the Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants version 6b (ECLIPSEv6b) for emissions from 1990-2050, Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research version 5.0 (EDGARv5) for emissions from 1970-2015, and the Community Emissions Data System that was released in April 2021 (CEDS) for emissions from 1750-2019. In this study, we inter-compared the global annual total and spatial variability of air pollutants among these three emission inventories (ECLIPSEv6b, CEDS, and EDGARv5) for the year 2015 for trace gases and aerosols, including black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). We also employed the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry version 6.0 (CAM6-Chem) within the NCAR Community Earth System Model version 2.1.3 (CESM2) to quantify the atmospheric chemistry and air quality impacts using the ECLIPSEv6b. Global annual total emissions of BC, OC, NOx, NH3, SO2, CO and NMVOCs from CEDS for the year 2015 are 6045, 13869, 122022, 59502, 92148, 566620, 149680 kilo tons/year, respectively. Compared with the emissions from EDGARv5, global annual total BC, OC and NH3 emissions in CEDS for the year 2015 are 18.43%, 18.18%, and 21.13% higher. However, global annual total CO emissions from EDGARv5 are 12.46% higher than that from CEDS. For NOx, SO2, and NMVOCs, values from CEDS and EDGARv5 are quite close, with 3.72%, 5.21%, and 0.56% differences between CEDS and EDGARv5. For ECLIPSEv6b, global annual total emissions of BC, OC, NOx, NH3, SO2, CO and NMVOCs in 2015 are 6352, 13763, 124895, 60986, 73335, 548381, 112031 kt/year, respectively. Global annual total of BC, NOx, and NH3 from ECLIPSEv6b are 5.07%, 2.30% and 2.49% higher than the values from CEDS, whereas global annual total of OC, SO2, CO and NMVOCs are 0.77%, 20.42%, 3.22% and 25.15% smaller than that from CEDS. Major sources of CEDS emissions come from eastern Asia and parts of India. A majority of NOx emissions for ECLIPSEv6b is concentrated in Asia, North America (East Coast US, Midwest US, and Mexico), South America (Brazil), and western Europe. We find that global mean summertime model simulated surface BC, primary organic matter (POM) and ozone concentrations in response to ECLIPSEv6b are 0.05 1̐Ưg/m3, 0.52 1̐Ưg/m3 and 21.3 ppb, respectively. For summertime surface BC, large impacts are found in Asia, North America, eastern Europe and southern Africa, whereas important impacts for POM are located over Asia, southern Africa, and western coast of North America. Future studies will thoroughly compare the model simulated PM2.5 and ozone impacts from ECLIPSEv6b, CEDS and EDGARv5 in CESM2 CAM6-Chem.
Author: U.S. Global Change Research Program Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 0521144078 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Author: Mark Cochrane Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540773819 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 696
Book Description
The tropics are home to most of the world’s biodiversity and are currently the frontier for human settlement. Tropical ecosystems are being converted to agricultural and other land uses at unprecedented rates. Land conversion and maintenance almost always rely on fire and, because of this, fire is now more prevalent in the tropics than anywhere else on Earth. Despite pervasive fire, human settlement and threatened biodiversity, there is little comprehensive information available on fire and its effects in tropical ecosystems. Tropical deforestation, especially in rainforests, has been widely documented for many years. Forests are cut down and allowed to dry before being burned to remove biomass and release nutrients to grow crops. However, fires do not always stop at the borders of cleared forests. Tremendously damaging fires are increasingly spreading into forests that were never evolutionarily prepared for wild fires. The largest fires on the planet in recent decades have occurred in tropical forests and burned millions of hectares in several countries. The numerous ecosystems of the tropics have differing levels of fire resistance, resilience or dependence. At present, there is little appreciation of the seriousness of the wild fire situation in tropical rainforests but there is even less understanding of the role that fire plays in the ecology of many fire adapted tropical ecosystems, such as savannas, grasslands and other forest types.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309152119 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309484529 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 511
Book Description
To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781009157971 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 755
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309046319 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 525
Book Description
Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.
Author: David A. Raitzer Publisher: Asian Development Bank ISBN: 9292573055 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 321
Book Description
Climate change is a global concern of special relevance to Southeast Asia, a region that is both vulnerable to the effects of climate change and a rapidly increasing emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs). This study focuses on five countries of Southeast Asia that collectively account for 90% of regional GHG emissions in recent years---Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It applies two global dynamic economy–energy–environment models under an array of scenarios that reflect potential regimes for regulating global GHG emissions through 2050. The modeling identifies the potential economic costs of climate inaction for the region, how the countries can most efficiently achieve GHG emission mitigation, and the consequences of mitigation, both in terms of benefits and costs. Drawing on the modeling results, the study analyzes climate-related policies and identifies how further action can be taken to ensure low-carbon growth.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1009177052 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 910
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the multiple interactions between climate change and land, assessing climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. It assesses the options for governance and decision-making across multiple scales. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Halima Salah
Author: Halima Salah
Author: U.S. Global Change Research Program
Author: Mark Cochrane
Author: National Research Council
Author: Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Author: National Research Council
Author: David A. Raitzer
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change