Intelligent HVAC Control for High Energy Efficiency in Buildings PDF Download

Author: Raad Z. Homod
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783847306252
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 288

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Book Description
The purpose of HVAC system is to provide and maintain a desired indoor thermal comfort. HVAC system inherents nonlinearity of the large scale system including pure lag time, big thermal inertia, uncertain disturbance factors and constraints which lead to inability to efficiently control this system. Furthermore, there is no combined model developed for the comprehensive HVAC system. This book addresses these issues by proposing a hybrid model combining building structure with the equipments of HVAC system in one model. The hybrid identification of physical and empirical methods is explained where empirical Residential Load Factor is used to calculate a buildings load. The indoor thermal sensation identification is using a TS fuzzy model based on PMV and tuned by Gauss-Newton Method. To control such sophisticated system, a new online-tuned TS Fuzzy Forward controller is proposed. This algorithm manipulates inputs of AHU based on optimization of inputs of PMV sensor. An important finding in this book is the conversion of a fuzzy inference system for PMV and control model into memory layers parameters. This approach is computationally faster and efficient than traditional methods.

Author: John T. Wen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319684620
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 321

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Book Description
Readers of this book will be shown how, with the adoption of ubiquituous sensing, extensive data-gathering and forecasting, and building-embedded advanced actuation, intelligent building systems with the ability to respond to occupant preferences in a safe and energy-efficient manner are becoming a reality. The articles collected present a holistic perspective on the state of the art and current research directions in building automation, advanced sensing and control, including: model-based and model-free control design for temperature control; smart lighting systems; smart sensors and actuators (such as smart thermostats, lighting fixtures and HVAC equipment with embedded intelligence); and energy management, including consideration of grid connectivity and distributed intelligence. These articles are both educational for practitioners and graduate students interested in design and implementation, and foundational for researchers interested in understanding the state of the art and the challenges that must be overcome in realizing the potential benefits of smart building systems. This edited volume also includes case studies from implementation of these algorithms/sensing strategies in to-scale building systems. These demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of using smart sensing and control for enhanced occupant comfort and energy efficiency.

Author: Hao Huang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Architecture and energy conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 221

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Book Description
This thesis focuses on the development of model predictive control (MPC) strategies for reducing energy consumption in air-conditioned buildings. It is well known that the building sector is responsible for 40 per cent of the world's energy usage and 33 per cent of all greenhouse emissions. As a result of global environmental issues and decreasing energy resources, there is strong motivation to develop more efficient control strategies for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings. The existing HVAC control strategies are not energy or cost efficient, which results in energy waste, high on-peak electricity demand and poor thermal comfort in buildings. Previous works have shown that MPC can be utilised as a supervisory controller to achieve energy saving while maintaining the indoor thermal comfort in buildings. However, most of the past studies were focused on small residential buildings or mid-size commercial buildings. It is highly desired to improve the existing MPC strategies to make them more reliable and applicable for large commercial buildings. This thesis extends the previous works by addressing the following challenges when dealing with the large buildings. Firstly, HVAC plants and the thermal dynamics of buildings are inherently nonlinear. Accurate modelling of these components is difficult due to the limited number of sensors that are usually installed and the paucity of prior knowledge of the system. There is a need to develop models that are capable of effectively handling the nonlinearity to achieve better modelling accuracy. Secondly, in large commercial buildings with adjacent large open spaces, the effects of thermal coupling between differently controlled spaces play a crucial role. This significance of the interaction between zones has seldom been discussed before and requires more thorough investigation. Thirdly, although load shifting function of MPC have been proven to be effective in achieving cost savings in buildings with a considerable thermal mass, it is demanding to investigate the application value of these strategies in lightweight commercial buildings. Finally, given the presence of uncertainties, these models may not be able to predict the indoor temperature accurately, which may lead to poor control performance and even instability in operation of the MPC strategy. The existing robust control approaches are generally too conservative, and may not be suitable for use in real-world buildings. In this study, the advantages of neural networks (NNs) will be exploited to address the challenges outlined above. NNs are known as universal approximators, meaning that they can model any continuous functions with any desired degree of accuracy. In particular, the NNs will be used to conduct modelling work, generate control rule, and improve the performance of classical MPC. The major contributions of this thesis are presented in four chapters, with each based on an individual scientific paper. Paper-1 presents a systematic modelling method for air handling units (AHUs) and thermal zone using a recursive NN (RNN). As the major novelty, a cascade NN structure is developed, which enables the thermal dynamics modelling of both interior zones and perimeter zones within investigated building. This approach allows accurate prediction of both supply air temperature and zone temperature prediction, making it suitable for predictive control design. Continuing with the first paper, Paper-2 introduces a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) model, which effectively models the convective heat exchange between open spaces within multi-zone commercial buildings. The proposed model allows closed-loop prediction for several adjacent zones simultaneously by considering their thermal interaction. A NN-based optimal start-stop control method is also developed in this paper to demonstrate the energy saving potential enabled by using the proposed predictive model. The NN models provide accurate prediction results, but they are in general difficult to optimise under an MPC framework. Paper-3 presents a hybrid MPC (HMPC), which combines the classic MPC with an inverse NN model. With the HMPC, the classical MPC based on linearised building model optimises the supplied cooling energy. The inverse NN model compensates the nonlinearity associated with the AHU process and generates more accurate control inputs. Simulations and experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method in achieving energy and cost reductions while maintaining good indoor thermal comfort in the investigated large commercial building. The MPC formulation in Paper-3 does not take the system uncertainty into account. In reality, however, the modelled building energy systems are always affected by uncertainties, so that the modelling errors become inevitable which cause control performance degradation to the MPC. Paper-4 considers the application of a robust MPC (RMPC) to handle the system uncertainty within buildings. In particular, an uncertainty estimator is developed based on the previously presented RNN model to provide uncertainty bound to the conventional closed-loop min-max RMPC. The newly developed bound estimator reduces the conservatism of the RMPC and achieves improved control performance. In conclusion, the research work presented in this thesis has made important contributions to the research of intelligent model predictive control for air-conditioning systems in commercial buildings. The methodologies developed in this thesis can be utilised for other buildings or for the control of other dynamic systems.

Author: Charles Nehme
Publisher: Charles Nehme
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 33

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Book Description
Welcome to the world of HVAC controls! This book aims to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of HVAC controls, their importance, and their impact on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in buildings. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning play a vital role in maintaining indoor comfort, energy efficiency, and occupant well-being. Within these systems, HVAC controls act as the brains, regulating and optimizing the operation of various components to achieve the desired indoor conditions. Without proper control strategies and technologies, HVAC systems would be inefficient, unreliable, and unable to adapt to changing conditions. The field of HVAC controls is constantly evolving, driven by advancements in technology, the need for energy efficiency, and the demand for intelligent and connected buildings. From basic control strategies to advanced technologies like IoT, machine learning, and cloud computing, HVAC controls have come a long way in enhancing system performance and occupant comfort. Throughout this book, we will delve into the fundamental principles of HVAC controls, exploring the different components, sensors, actuators, and control strategies that make up these systems. We will discuss the integration of HVAC controls into building automation systems, the role of controls in energy efficiency and indoor air quality, and the impact of advanced technologies on the future of HVAC controls. We will also address the challenges and considerations in HVAC controls, including system complexity, sensor accuracy, energy efficiency versus occupant comfort, maintenance and troubleshooting, cybersecurity, and evolving industry standards. By understanding and addressing these challenges, we can effectively implement and maintain HVAC controls to ensure optimal system performance and occupant satisfaction. Whether you are a student, a professional in the HVAC industry, a building manager, or simply interested in learning about HVAC controls, this book aims to provide you with a comprehensive and practical guide to understanding and utilizing HVAC controls effectively. It is my hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource, equipping you with the knowledge and insights needed to navigate the world of HVAC controls, make informed decisions, and contribute to the design, operation, and maintenance of efficient and comfortable indoor environments. So, let's embark on this journey together, exploring the fascinating world of HVAC controls and unlocking the potential for energy-efficient, sustainable, and comfortable buildings.

Author: Charles Nehme
Publisher: Charles Nehme
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 87

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Book Description
Welcome to this book on HVAC energy saving! In our rapidly changing world, where the demand for energy is continuously increasing, finding ways to conserve energy has become essential. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are significant contributors to energy consumption in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Therefore, optimizing their performance and implementing energy-saving strategies is crucial for reducing our environmental impact and achieving sustainability goals. This book aims to provide valuable insights into HVAC energy saving techniques, technologies, and best practices. Whether you are an HVAC professional, building owner, facility manager, or simply someone interested in conserving energy, this book will serve as a comprehensive resource to help you understand the importance of energy efficiency in HVAC systems and guide you towards effective solutions. In the following chapters, we will explore various aspects of HVAC energy saving, starting with an overview of HVAC systems and their impact on energy consumption. We will delve into the principles of energy efficiency, discussing key factors such as system design, equipment selection, and maintenance practices that can significantly influence energy usage. Furthermore, this book will address emerging technologies and innovative approaches for optimizing HVAC systems. From smart thermostats and advanced controls to renewable energy integration and building automation, we will explore cutting-edge solutions that can maximize energy efficiency and reduce operational costs. Apart from technical aspects, we will also discuss behavioral and operational strategies that can foster energy-saving habits among building occupants. By understanding human behavior and implementing effective energy management practices, we can achieve substantial energy savings without compromising comfort and productivity. Throughout this book, you will find practical examples, case studies, and real-world scenarios that illustrate the benefits and challenges associated with HVAC energy saving. Additionally, we will provide practical tips, checklists, and guidelines to help you implement energy-saving measures in your own HVAC systems or projects. It is our hope that this book will empower you to take proactive steps towards conserving energy in the HVAC domain. By adopting energy-efficient practices, we can mitigate climate change, reduce our carbon footprint, and create a sustainable future for generations to come. Thank you for embarking on this journey to explore HVAC energy saving with us. Let's work together to make a positive difference in the way we consume energy and contribute to a greener, more sustainable world. Charles Nehme

Author: Charles Nehme
Publisher: Independently Published
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Welcome to this comprehensive guide to smart HVAC systems. In today's world of energy efficiency and technological advancements, smart HVAC systems have emerged as a revolutionary approach to regulating indoor climate and optimizing energy consumption. This book delves into the intricacies of smart HVAC technology, exploring its components, applications, design considerations, maintenance practices, and future prospects. As you embark on this journey through the realm of smart HVAC, you will gain a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles, cutting-edge technologies, and practical applications that underpin these intelligent systems. Whether you are an HVAC professional, a building manager, or a homeowner seeking to enhance your home's energy efficiency, this book will equip you with the knowledge and insights necessary to navigate the world of smart HVAC and make informed decisions. Throughout the book, we will unravel the intricacies of smart HVAC components, from sensors that gather real-time data to actuators that control HVAC equipment. We will explore the diverse applications of smart HVAC systems in residential, commercial, and industrial settings, showcasing their potential to reduce energy consumption, enhance occupant comfort, and improve indoor air quality. Delving into the practical aspects of smart HVAC implementation, we will guide you through the process of designing and integrating these systems into existing buildings, addressing challenges and considerations specific to different types of structures. We will also emphasize the importance of cybersecurity and data protection in smart HVAC environments, ensuring the integrity and privacy of sensitive information. To further enhance your understanding of smart HVAC, we will introduce you to the latest trends and technologies shaping the future of this field, providing a glimpse into the transformative potential of smart HVAC systems. With the insights gained from this book, you will be well-positioned to leverage the power of smart HVAC technology to create energy-efficient, comfortable, and sustainable indoor environments. Embrace the journey of smart HVAC and discover the transformative potential of intelligent climate control systems. As we venture into the future of buildings, smart HVAC stands poised to revolutionize the way we manage indoor environments, optimizing energy consumption, enhancing occupant comfort, and promoting sustainable practices for a healthier planet.

Author: Geert Verbong
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136456627
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402

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Book Description
The Energy Transition, the inevitable shift away from cheap, centralized, largely fossil-based energy systems, is one of the core challenges of our time. This book provides a coherent and novel insight into the nature of this challenge and possible strategies to accelerate and guide such transitions. It brings together prominent European scholars and practitioners from the fields of energy transition research and governance to draw attention to the current complex dynamics in the energy domain, and offer elegant and provocative explanations for current crises and lock-ins. They identify multiple energy transition pathways that emerge and increasingly compete, and emphasize the need and possibilities for novel governance. By analysing the complexity of energy transition processes and the difficulties in shifting to sustainable pathways, this text questions the extent to which actually governing energy transitions is already reality, just an illusion, or a bare necessity.

Author: Javad Khazaii
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319333283
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
This book focuses on some of the most energy-consuming HVAC systems; illuminating huge opportunities for energy savings in buildings that operate with these systems. The main discussion is on, cutting-edge decision making approaches, and algorithms in: decision making under uncertainty, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, agent based modeling, and game theory. These methods are applied to HVAC systems, in order to help designers select the best options among the many available pathways for designing and the building of HVAC systems and applications. The discussion further evolves to depict how the buildings of the future can incorporate these advanced decision-making algorithms to become autonomous and truly ‘smart’.

Author: Javad Khazaii
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319110470
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 165

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Book Description
This book provides readers with essential knowledge enabling the successful design of today's new energy efficient HVAC systems. The author introduces important concepts such as Knowledge Categorization, Performance Based Design Standards, and Quantification of Uncertainty in Energy Modeling for Buildings. Pivotal topics that all HVAC and architectural engineers must master in order to navigate the green building renaissance are given focused attention, including the role of renewables, air quality, automatic controls, and thermal comfort. Relevant ASHRAE standards, as well as sustainability scoring systems such as BREEAM, HQE, LEED and CASBEE are explained in depth. Armed with the material contained in this practical reference, students and practitioners alike will become more effective and prepared for engineering success.

Author: María del Mar Castilla
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1447163478
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 257

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Book Description
The aim of this book is to research comfort control inside buildings, and how this can be achieved through low energy consumption. It presents a comprehensive exploration of the design, development and implementation of several advanced control systems that maintain users' comfort (thermal and indoor air quality) whilst minimizing energy consumption. The book includes a detailed account of the latest cutting edge developments in this area, and presents several control systems based on Model Predictive Control approaches. Real-life examples are provided, and the book is supplemented by illustrations, tables, all of which facilitate understanding of the text. Energy consumption in buildings (residential and non-residential) represents almost the half of the total world energy consumption, and they are also responsible for approximately 35% of CO2 emissions. For these reasons, the reduction of energy consumption associated with the construction and use of buildings, and the increase of energy efficiency in their climatic refurbishment are frequently studied topics in academia and industry. As the productivity of users is directly related to their comfort, a middle ground needs to be found between comfort of users and energy efficiency. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to develop innovation and technology which can provide comfortable environments with minimum energy consumption. This book is intended for researchers interested in control engineering, energy and bioclimatic buildings, and for architects and process control engineers. It is also accessible to postgraduate students embarking on a career in this area, particularly those studying architecture.