Integrating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Horseweed (Conyza Canadensis (L.) Cronq.) Management Prior to Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr.) PDF Download

Author: Austin Sherman
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109

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Author: Andi Marie Christenson
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Increasing numbers of herbicide-resistant weed species require alternative methods of weed suppression to be examined. This study quantified the interaction between various cover crop or herbicide systems and horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] growth. Fall cover crops of winter wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)], winter rye [Secale cereal (L.)], barley [Hordeum vulgare (L.)] and annual ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (L.)] were seeded in November 2012 and 2013. Spring cover crop of oat [Avena sativa (L.)] was seeded in April 2013 or rye was seeded in March 2014. All cover crops were no-till seeded into grain sorghum stubble [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Four herbicide treatments were fall or spring applied, with and without residual. The spring non-residual treatment was also applied to plots of winter rye. Cover crop plots were split and terminated with a roller crimper or glyphosate application prior to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting to determine the effect of termination method on treatment performance. Soybean was planted in June 2013 and May 2014 and mechanically harvested in October of both years. Horseweed density, biomass accumulation, and soybean yield data were quantified. Horseweed height, whole plant seed production, and seed subsamples were recorded in the untreated fallow control, winter wheat, and winter rye plots in 2014. Horseweed suppression by winter rye approached 90%, levels similar to suppression by herbicide systems. In both years, herbicide plots had less than half the horseweed biomass than any of the cover crop systems. In 2013, soybean yields in herbicide plots were at least 1,500 kg ha−1, nearly more than double yields in cover crop plots. Soybean yields in 2014 were more consistent across treatments; barley and spring rye plots achieved yields equal to or greater than 2,000 kg ha−1. Winter rye and winter wheat reduced horseweed seed production by 60% compared to the untreated fallow control, with no effect on individual seed weight. Seed production varied across plants, with the untreated control producing the greatest number of seeds. Cover crops were successful at reducing horseweed biomass, suppressing horseweed pressure, preserving soybean biomass, and protecting soybean yields when compared to a fallow untreated control.

Author: Jess Marie Bunchek
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Widespread adoption of genetically-engineered, herbicide-resistant (HR) crops have simplified crop rotation diversity and the use of single-tactic, herbicide-based weed management programs. These practices have resulted in an HR weed epidemic, where glyphosate-resistant weeds are especially problematic. Glyphosate-resistant weeds like horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.)] and pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.) threaten grower productivity and long-term efficacy of common agronomic herbicides. Thus, integrated weed management (IWM) programs that implement both ecological- and herbicide-based tactics are needed in no-till annual grain systems to (1) manage current HR weeds, (2) reduce HR selection pressure for evolution of resistance to other herbicides, (3) preserve effective herbicide technology, (4) enhance environmental stewardship, (5) safeguard soil conservation gains, and (6) maintain farm profits and productivity. To address these goals, we established three field studies at two sites in the Mid-Atlantic and identified combinations of cover crop and herbicide tactics that achieve effective season-long annual weed management, minimize HR selection pressure, and increase sustainability by reducing herbicide inputs. The first two studies assessed the complementarity of cover crops treatments and herbicide programs in corn and soybean, where integrating a cover crop treatment combined with applying a spring, pre-plant burndown herbicide application as well as a POST-emergent application provided the most effective season-long annual weed control. The third study assessed cover crop treatments and varied management practices, such as planting and termination dates, on HR selection pressure reduction at the time of herbicide applications. While cover crops intercepted a portion of the burndown herbicide application from reaching the soil surface, weeds were effectively controlled by the cover crops before the application, thus reducing the HR selection pressure.

Author: Joseph A. Bruce
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Category : Herbicides
Languages : en
Pages : 182

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Author: Garret Brown Montgomery
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Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Research was conducted from the fall of 2014 to the fall of 2016 to evaluate the optimal utilization of cover crops for weed control in no-till environments. Studies included a corn (Zea mays L.) termination timing study to evaluation different termination intervals of cereal rye (Cereal rye L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and a combination of cereal rye and hairy vetch cover crops on corn growth and development, an evaluation of a roller crimper for cover crop termination prior to corn study, an evaluation of a roller crimper for cover crop termination prior to soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an evaluation of glyphosate + dicamba tolerant (GDT) soybean utilization in a cover cropping system, and a study to evaluate the effects of fall applied herbicides on four cover crop species from controlling Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum). Results from this research indicate that a cover crop termination interval prior to corn planting can influence corn growth, development, and yield, a roller crimper is not currently a viable tool for cover crop termination prior to planting corn, a roller crimper can be effectively used for cover crop termination prior to soybeans, GDT soybeans can be readily utilized into a cover cropping system, and that fall applied herbicides can be used with cover crops and aid in controlling Italian ryegrass.

Author: Chelsea Marie McCall
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Palmer amaranth and horseweed are problematic weeds in no-till soybeans in Kansas. Integrating cover crops and herbicide programs could suppress weed populations. To determine the emergence pattern and survival of horseweed, a study was conducted across six locations in eastern KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Horseweed seedlings and leaf number per seedling were recorded at two-week intervals. Cumulative GDDs required to reach 50% horseweed emergence increased from north to south. Horseweed survival ranged from 4 to 90%, and majority of horseweed emerged in the fall. Field studies were conducted to determine effects of cover crops and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Five cover crop treatments included no cover, fall-sown winter wheat, spring-sown oat, pea, and mixture of oat and pea. Cover crops were terminated in May with glyphosate and 2,4-D alone or with residual herbicides of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone. By 10 weeks after termination in 2014-2015, Palmer amaranth biomass and density, averaged across cover crops. was 95 and 69% less with residual herbicides than without, respectively, and Palmer amaranth biomass was 98% less in winter wheat and 91% less in spring oat, averaged across termination methods, compared to no cover. Time to 50% Palmer amaranth emergence was delayed with winter wheat, spring oat, and spring oat/pea mix without residual herbicide. Soybean yields were greater with residual herbicide and greater with winter wheat or spring oat cover crop in 2014-2015. A field study was conducted to determine suppression effects of cover crop and herbicide programs on horseweed and Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2015-2016. Three fall treatments included fall-sown rye, a residual herbicide tank mix of glyphosate, dicamba, chlorimuron-ethyl, tribenuron-methyl, and AMS, and no fall application. Four spring treatments included no spring application or three herbicide tank mixes: glyphosate, dicamba, and AMS alone or with flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone as early preplant, or as split applied with 2/3 preplant and 1/3 at soybean planting. Similar levels of horseweed suppression were observed when some control measure was used in fall or spring. Fall rye completely suppressed horseweed while the fall herbicide suppressed biomass by 93% and density by 86% compared to no fall application. Palmer amaranth suppression was observed when a spring herbicide application was used. In rye, total weed biomass was reduced by 97% or more across all spring treatments. Total weed biomass was reduced with a spring herbicide was used. Soybean yields were least when no herbicide treatment was used in the spring. An integrated program of fall cover crops or herbicide applications together with spring herbicide applications maintained soybean yields.

Author: Bryan P. Reeb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canadian horseweed
Languages : en
Pages : 58

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In Ohio, no-tillage soybean production, glyphosate, and acetolactate synthase inhibitor (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides are common components for management of horseweed. However, resistance to glyphosate was confirmed in Ohio in 2002, followed by multiple resistance to both ALS inhibitors and glyphosate in 2003. Field studies were conducted from the fall of 2009 through the summer of 2016 to develop strategies for management of horseweed populations with these types of resistance in no-tillage soybeans. The objectives were to: 1) determine the efficacy of fall-applied herbicides for management of horseweed emerging in the spring; 2) determine the effect of spring application timing and herbicide on the residual control of horseweed through mid-summer; and 3) determine the most effective herbicide program for soybeans resistant to glufosinate, glyphosate/dicamba, or to glyphosate/glufosinate/2,4-D.

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Horseweed has been documented in 70 countries and 40 different crops around the world and is listed as being a problem weed in no-till production systems. Horseweed has developed resistance to many herbicide modes of action including glycine. Field experiments were conducted from 2004 to 2006 in the Mississippi Delta to evaluate the field emergence of horseweed and most effective treatment programs for its control. Field emergence of horseweed was observed occurring primarily in the fall of the year, September through early November, when temperatures were between 15.6 to 23.4 C with later flushes occurring from late January through early April with temperatures ranging from 5.2 to 16 C. Tillage in September followed by herbicide in March gave 100% control of horseweed across all locations. Glyphosate + 2,4-D and glyphosate + dicamba were the best glyphosate-based treatments and provided 90% or better horseweed control 4 WAT both years. Glufosinate-based burndowns provided 81 to 97% horseweed control and soybean yields were generally similar with all glufosinate-based programs.

Author: Thomas William Eubank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canadian horseweed
Languages : en
Pages :

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Horseweed has been documented in 70 countries and 40 different crops around the world and is listed as being a problem weed in no-till production systems. Horseweed has developed resistance to many herbicide modes of action including glycine. Field experiments were conducted from 2004 to 2006 in the Mississippi Delta to evaluate the field emergence of horseweed and most effective treatment programs for its control. Field emergence of horseweed was observed occurring primarily in the fall of the year, September through early November, when temperatures were between 15.6 to 23.4 C with later flushes occurring from late January through early April with temperatures ranging from 5.2 to 16 C. Tillage in September followed by herbicide in March gave 100% control of horseweed across all locations. Glyphosate + 2,4-D and glyphosate + dicamba were the best glyphosate-based treatments and provided 90% or better horseweed control 4 WAT both years. Glufosinate-based burndowns provided 81 to 97% horseweed control and soybean yields were generally similar with all glufosinate-based programs.

Author: Juan Lorenzo Medina Pitalua
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230

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Rapeseed establishment early in the spring, smother crops, herbicides and cultivation may be alternatives for weed control in soybean and corn. Cold temperatures delayed emergence of rapeseed in growth chamber experiments. Rapeseed emergence and growth rates were greater at 1O C than at 5 C. Phosphate fertilization and seed coating with fungicides enhanced rapeseed emergence and growth. Cover crops established early in the spring are potentially a tool for weed control when combined with cultivation or herbicides. Further work should be done to improve cover crop establishment by selecting a wider number of candidate species, improving the adaptability of those locally promising species through a breeding program and by agronomic practices such as planting date, residue management, tillage systems, soil amendments, and other practices.