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Author: Ryan Timothy Bates Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of select mechanical tillage implements and reduced herbicide inputs in integrated high-residue corn and soybean systems. This integrated approach attempted to reduce the negative effects from herbicides and intense inversion tillage, while providing effective economical weed control. Treatments examined a vertical coulter, a rotary harrow, a high-residue rotary hoe, and a high-residue row cultivator in combination with soil-applied broadcast, soil-applied banded, or post-emergence herbicides. Conventional no-till using herbicides and a weedy check were included for comparison and the weed seed bank was supplemented to help ensure an effective assessment. Evaluation parameters included crop population, weed density, end of season weed biomass, surface residue, grain yield, and costs. Weed density, crop, and production year influenced the efficacy of the mechanical implements. Treatments including herbicides reduced weed density and weed biomass compared to treatments relying on mechanical control alone. The vertical coulter and rotary harrow controlled weeds similar to a herbicide burndown treatment in corn, while with the later planting date of soybean, this treatment was not as effective as a burndown herbicide. While the rotary hoe had a minimal impact on surface residue, weed densities were higher than with the soil-applied broadcast herbicide treatments. In addition, the rotary hoe did not increase weed control in banded herbicide treatments. Treatments that included banded herbicide tended to have better weed control than treatments that relied strictly on mechanical implements, but lower weed control than broadcast herbicides. Of the mechanical tools tested, the high residue cultivator was the most effective in reducing weed density and weed biomass, while maintaining crop yield. The greater reliance on mechanical implements reduced weed control cost, but tended to have higher breakeven prices due to lower yields. Overall, mechanical tillage implements alone did not provide adequate weed control, while integration with reduced herbicide inputs maintained acceptable weed control and competitive crop yields.
Author: Ryan Timothy Bates Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of select mechanical tillage implements and reduced herbicide inputs in integrated high-residue corn and soybean systems. This integrated approach attempted to reduce the negative effects from herbicides and intense inversion tillage, while providing effective economical weed control. Treatments examined a vertical coulter, a rotary harrow, a high-residue rotary hoe, and a high-residue row cultivator in combination with soil-applied broadcast, soil-applied banded, or post-emergence herbicides. Conventional no-till using herbicides and a weedy check were included for comparison and the weed seed bank was supplemented to help ensure an effective assessment. Evaluation parameters included crop population, weed density, end of season weed biomass, surface residue, grain yield, and costs. Weed density, crop, and production year influenced the efficacy of the mechanical implements. Treatments including herbicides reduced weed density and weed biomass compared to treatments relying on mechanical control alone. The vertical coulter and rotary harrow controlled weeds similar to a herbicide burndown treatment in corn, while with the later planting date of soybean, this treatment was not as effective as a burndown herbicide. While the rotary hoe had a minimal impact on surface residue, weed densities were higher than with the soil-applied broadcast herbicide treatments. In addition, the rotary hoe did not increase weed control in banded herbicide treatments. Treatments that included banded herbicide tended to have better weed control than treatments that relied strictly on mechanical implements, but lower weed control than broadcast herbicides. Of the mechanical tools tested, the high residue cultivator was the most effective in reducing weed density and weed biomass, while maintaining crop yield. The greater reliance on mechanical implements reduced weed control cost, but tended to have higher breakeven prices due to lower yields. Overall, mechanical tillage implements alone did not provide adequate weed control, while integration with reduced herbicide inputs maintained acceptable weed control and competitive crop yields.
Author: Khawar Jabran Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128098821 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 174
Book Description
Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts
Author: Stephen L. Young Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400775121 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
Technology is rapidly advancing in all areas of society, including agriculture. In both conventional and organic systems, there is a need to apply technology beyond our current approach to improve the efficiency and economics of management. Weeds, in particular, have been part of cropping systems for centuries often being ranked as the number one production cost. Now, public demand for a sustainably grown product has created economic incentives for producers to improve their practices, yet the development of advanced weed control tools beyond biotech has lagged behind. An opportunity has been created for engineers and weed scientists to pool their knowledge and work together to ‘fill the gap’ in managing weeds in crops. Never before has there been such pressure to produce more with less in order to sustain our economies and environments. This book is the first to provide a radically new approach to weed management that could change cropping systems both now and in the future.
Author: Bhagirath Chauhan Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128229357 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
Weeds are the main biological constraint to crop production throughout the year. Uncontrolled weeds could cause 100% yield loss. In Australia, the overall cost of weeds to Australian grain growers was estimated at AU$ 3.3 billion annually. In terms of yield losses, weeds amounted to 2.7 million tonnes of grains at a national level. In the USA, weeds cost US$ 33 billion in lost crop production annually. In India, these costs were estimated to be much higher (US$ 11 billion). These studies from different economies suggest that weeds cause substantial yield and economic loss. Biology and Management of Problematic Weed Species details the biology of key weed species, providing vital information on seed germination and production, as well as factors affecting weed growth. These species include Chenopodium album, Chloris truncata and C. virgate, Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis, Cyperus rotundus, and many more. This information is crucial for researchers and growers to develop integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. Written by leading experts across the globe, this book is an essential read to plant biologists and ecologists, crop scientists, and students and researchers interested in weed science. Provides detailed information on the biology of different key weed species Covers weed seed germination and emergence Presents the factors affecting weed growth and seed production
Author: Andrew J. Price Publisher: ISBN: Category : Technology Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The increased adoption of conservation tillage and organic weed control practices in vegetable production requires more information on the role of various cover crops in integrated weed control, tomato quality, and yield. Two conservation-tillage systems utilizing crimson clover and cereal rye as winter cover crops were compared to a conventional black polythene mulch system, with or without organic weed management options, for weed control, tomato yield, and profitability. All cover crops were terminated with a mechanical roller/crimper prior to planting. Organic weed control treatments included: 1) flaming utilizing a one burner hand torch, 2) PRE application of corn gluten, 3) PRE application of corn gluten followed by flaming, or 4) intermittent hand weeding as needed. A non-treated control and a standard herbicide program were included for comparison. The herbicide program consisting of a PRE application of S-metolachlor (1.87 kg a.i./ha) followed by an early POST metribuzin (0.56 kg a.i. /ha) application followed by a late POST application of clethodim (0.28 kg a.i./ha). In general, high-residue clover and cereal rye cover crops provided substantial suppression of Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge. Across systems, minimum input in high-residue systems provided the highest net returns above variable costs compared to organic herbicide treatments that are costly and provide marginal benefit.
Author: Robert Zimdahl Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Series in Agric ISBN: 9781786761644 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 476
Book Description
Weeds remain a major obstacle to improved yields in agriculture. At the same time, established methods of control are being undermined by problems such as herbicide resistance. This major collection reviews key developments in integrated weed management (IWM) to manage weeds more sustainably.
Author: Matt Liebman Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139427245 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
This book presents principles and practices for ecologically based weed management in a wide range of temperate and tropical farming systems. Special attention is given to the evolutionary challenges that weeds pose and the roles that farmers can play in the development of new weed-management strategies.
Author: Robert L Zimdahl Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0123815029 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
It is important that scientists think about and know their history - where they came from, what they have accomplished, and how these may affect the future. Weed scientists, similar to scientists in many technological disciplines, have not sought historical reflection. The technological world asks for results and for progress. Achievement is important not, in general, the road that leads to achievement. What was new yesterday is routine today, and what is described as revolutionary today may be considered antiquated tomorrow. Weed science has been strongly influenced by technology developed by supporting industries, subsequently employed in research and, ultimately, used by farmers and crop growers. The science has focused on results and progress. Scientists have been--and the majority remain--problem solvers whose solutions have evolved as rapidly as have the new weed problems needing solutions. In a more formal sense, weed scientists have been adherents of the instrumental ideology of modern science. That is an analysis of their work, and their orientation reveals the strong emphasis on practical, useful knowledge; on know how. The opposite, and frequently complementary orientation, that has been missing from weed science is an emphasis on contemplative knowledge; that is, knowing why. This book expands on and analyzes how these orientations have affected weed science’s development. The first analytical history of weed science to be written Compares the development of weed science, entomology and plant pathology Identifies the primary founders of weed science and describes their role
Author: Rodrigo Werle Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832537588 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Weeds pose a major challenge to the sustainability of agricultural production systems, causing significant crop yield, economic and environmental losses. Chemical weed control tactics play a major role in modern weed management, maintaining the productivity of diverse cropping systems, reducing yield losses and facilitating conservation agriculture. However, the over-reliance on chemical weed control has led to shifts in weed communities in agroecosystems which are now becoming dominated by high competitors and herbicide resistance. Thus, weed scientists and practitioners are urged to develop and incorporate innovative and feasible integrated weed management (IWM) systems that can reduce weed infestations and environmental impacts.
Author: Ryan Timothy Bates
Author: Ryan Timothy Bates
Author: Khawar Jabran
Author: Stephen L. Young
Author: Bhagirath Chauhan
Author: Andrew J. Price
Author: Robert Zimdahl
Author: Matt Liebman
Author: Robert L Zimdahl
Author: Greg Bowman
Author: Rodrigo Werle