Author: R.v. RandowPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642465382
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
Integer Programming and Related Areas
Author: R.v. RandowPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642465382
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
Estimation of Simultaneous Equation Models with Error Components Structure
Author: Jayalakshmi KrishnakumarPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642456472
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 371
Book Description
Economists can rarely perform controlled experiments to generate data. Existing information in the form of real-life observations simply has to be utilized in the best possible way. Given this, it is advantageous to make use of the increasing availability and accessibility of combinations of time-series and cross-sectional data in the estimation of economic models. But such data call for a new methodology of estimation and hence for the development of new econometric models. This book proposes one such new model which introduces error components in a system of simultaneous equations to take into account the temporal and cross-sectional heterogeneity of panel data. After a substantial survey of panel data models, the newly proposed model is presented in detail and indirect estimations, full information and limited information estimations, and estimations with and without the assumption of normal distribution errors. These estimation methods are then applied using a computer to estimate a model of residential electricity demand using data on American households. The results are analysed both from an economic and from a statistical point of view.
The World Copper Market
Author: G. WagenhalsPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642455859
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Book Description
1.1 The Importance of Copper Copper, the red metal, has been known in histor~ for thousands of ~ears. It ma~ have been mankind's first metal (Joralemon= 1973). And still, probabl~ more than one hundred decades after native copper was used for the first time (Muhl~ (1973: 171», toda~, copper is a ver~ important commodit~: 1. Onl~ aluminum (first in 1963) surpasses refined copper in terms of the total 1 world's mine production and consumption. It outpaces zinc, lead, nickel and tin • 2. Refined copper is one of the most important export products of the developing countries. In 1975, refined copper ranked 8th in the developing countries' export values in general, it was 6th among their non-fuel exports, and their most important export 2 commodit~ among the non-ferrous metals • 3. Man~ small and medium sized industrialized countries depend heavil~ on copper imports. For example, West German~'s share in world mine production has alwa~s been smaller than 0.1 per cent. In the last few decades, however, the Federal Republic's consumption share has amounted to some 8 i. in 1982. 4. Copper is of utmost importance for the export earnings of several countries.
Financial Structure in Small Business
Author: Dominicus van der WijstPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642456561
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 187
Book Description
46 4. 2 Assumptions and definitions 48 4. 3 Single period models 4. 3. 1 Introduction: the MM-position 48 4. 3. 2 The effect of risk of default and limited liability 50 53 4. 3. 3 The effect of bankruptcy costs 4. 3. 4 The effect of agency costs 58 4. 3. 5 The effect of informational differences 60 4. 4 Multi-period models 63 4. 4. 1 Introduction: additional assumptions and redefinitions 63 65 4. 4. 2 The MM-position 67 4. 4. 3 The effect of limited liability and the risk of default 4. 4. 4 The effect of bankruptcy costs 70 4. 4. 5 The Scott model 72 4. 4. 6 Some extensions of the Scott model 76 4. 5 Conclusions 79 Appendix to chapter 4 82 83 5 Determinants from the practice of small business finance 83 5. 1 Introduction and overview 5. 2 Determinants related to the firm's internal characteristics 85 5. 3 Determinants related to the firm's external relationships 91 6 A comparison and evaluation of both sources 94 6. 1 Comparison and evaluation 94 6. 2 Summary and empirical implications 98 PART III : EMPIRICAL ANALYSES IN SMALL BUSINESS 7 Analyses of samples of individual firms 103 7. 1 Introduction 103 7. 2 Data 104 7. 3 Hypotheses and variables 107 7. 4 Specification and estimation results 113 IV 8 Analyses of industry averages in retailing 131 8. 1 Introduction 131 8. 2 Data 132 8.
A Course in Triangulations for Solving Equations with Deformations
Author: B. C. EavesPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642465161
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
Notes on Economic Time Series Analysis: System Theoretic Perspectives
Author: Masanao AokiPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642455654
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Book Description
In seminars and graduate level courses I have had several opportunities to discuss modeling and analysis of time series with economists and economic graduate students during the past several years. These experiences made me aware of a gap between what economic graduate students are taught about vector-valued time series and what is available in recent system literature. Wishing to fill or narrow the gap that I suspect is more widely spread than my personal experiences indicate, I have written these notes to augment and reor ganize materials I have given in these courses and seminars. I have endeavored to present, in as much a self-contained way as practicable, a body of results and techniques in system theory that I judge to be relevant and useful to economists interested in using time series in their research. I have essentially acted as an intermediary and interpreter of system theoretic results and perspectives in time series by filtering out non-essential details, and presenting coherent accounts of what I deem to be important but not readily available, or accessible to economists. For this reason I have excluded from the notes many results on various estimation methods or their statistical properties because they are amply discussed in many standard texts on time series or on statistics.
The M/M/∞Service System with Ranked Servers in Heavy Traffic
Author: G.F. NewellPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364245576X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
We are concerned here with a service facility consisting of a large (- finite) number of servers in parallel. The service times for all servers are identical, but there is a preferential ordering of the servers. Each newly arriving customer enters the lowest ranked available server and remains there until his service is completed. It is assumed that customers arrive according to a Poisson process of rate A , that all servers have exponentially distributed service times with rate ~ and that a = A/~ is large compared with 1. Generally, we are concerned with the stochastic properties of the random function N(s ,t) describing the number of busy servers among the first s ordered servers at time t. Most of the analysis is motivated by special applications of this model to telephone traffic. If one has a brunk line with s primary channels, but a large number (00) of secondary (overflow) channels, each newly arriving customer is assigned to one of the primary channels if any are free; otherwise, he is assigned to a secondary channel. The primary and secondary channels themselves could have a preferential ordering. For some purposes, it is convenient to imagine that they did even if an ordering is irrelevant.
Refinements of the Nash Equilibrium Concept
Author: E. van DammePublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642499708
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
In this monograph, noncooperative games are studied. Since in a noncooperative game binding agreements are not possible, the solution of such a game has to be self enforcing, i. e. a Nash equilibrium (NASH [1950,1951J). In general, however, a game may possess many equilibria and so the problem arises which one of these should be chosen as the solution. It was first pointed out explicitly in SELTEN [1965J that I not all Nash equilibria of an extensive form game are qualified to be selected as the solution, since an equilibrium may prescribe irrational behavior at unreached parts of the game tree. Moreover, also for normal form games not all Nash equilibria are eligible, since an equilibrium need not be robust with respect to slight perturba tions in the data of the game. These observations lead to the conclusion that the Nash equilibrium concept has to be refined in order to obtain sensible solutions for every game. In the monograph, various refinements of the Nash equilibrium concept are studied. Some of these have been proposed in the literature, but others are presented here for the first time. The objective is to study the relations between these refine ments;to derive characterizations and to discuss the underlying assumptions. The greater part of the monograph (the chapters 2-5) is devoted to the study of normal form games. Extensive form games are considered in chapter 6.
Bayesian Full Information Analysis of Simultaneous Equation Models Using Integration by Monte Carlo
Author: L. BauwensPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642455786
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 124
Book Description
In their review of the "Bayesian analysis of simultaneous equation systems", Dr~ze and Richard (1983) - hereafter DR - express the following viewpoint about the present state of development of the Bayesian full information analysis of such sys tems i) the method allows "a flexible specification of the prior density, including well defined noninformative prior measures"; ii) it yields "exact finite sample posterior and predictive densities". However, they call for further developments so that these densities can be eval uated through 'numerical methods, using an integrated software packa~e. To that end, they recommend the use of a Monte Carlo technique, since van Dijk and Kloek (1980) have demonstrated that "the integrations can be done and how they are done". In this monograph, we explain how we contribute to achieve the developments suggested by Dr~ze and Richard. A basic idea is to use known properties of the porterior density of the param eters of the structural form to design the importance functions, i. e. approximations of the posterior density, that are needed for organizing the integrations.
Arbitrage Pricing of Contingent Claims
Author: Sigrid MüllerPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642465609
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description