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Author: H. C. Andersson Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN: 9289310987 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
The first part of the report deals with occurrence of methylxanthines in foods, beverages, and medicines, and estimates of caffeine intake. In addition, a short review of the pharmacological and toxicological actions of caffeine is given. The second and main part of the report reviews available information from epidemiological studies on the potential health hazards to the human foetus associated with parental intake during pregnancy of caffeine and related methylxanthines in foods, beverages and medicines. The studied adverse effects are influence on fertility, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation, pre-term delivery, foetal growth retardation, foetal behaviour and effects on neonates, infants and young children. The conclusion of the report demonstrates the need for limiting caffeine exposure during pregnancy. The Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation (NNT) recognizes that the human exposure to caffeine and related compounds causes a spectrum of pharmacological effects, for instance cardiovascular, renal, neurological and behavioural effects. The increasing use of caffeine and related methylxanthines in various foods and beverages consumed by children and adolescents cause concern. NNT recommends that a full hazard characterization of caffeine and related methylxanthines should be performed with the aim to reach a conclusion about the upper safe level of intake of these compounds.
Author: H. C. Andersson Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN: 9289310987 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
The first part of the report deals with occurrence of methylxanthines in foods, beverages, and medicines, and estimates of caffeine intake. In addition, a short review of the pharmacological and toxicological actions of caffeine is given. The second and main part of the report reviews available information from epidemiological studies on the potential health hazards to the human foetus associated with parental intake during pregnancy of caffeine and related methylxanthines in foods, beverages and medicines. The studied adverse effects are influence on fertility, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation, pre-term delivery, foetal growth retardation, foetal behaviour and effects on neonates, infants and young children. The conclusion of the report demonstrates the need for limiting caffeine exposure during pregnancy. The Nordic Working Group on Food Toxicology and Risk Evaluation (NNT) recognizes that the human exposure to caffeine and related compounds causes a spectrum of pharmacological effects, for instance cardiovascular, renal, neurological and behavioural effects. The increasing use of caffeine and related methylxanthines in various foods and beverages consumed by children and adolescents cause concern. NNT recommends that a full hazard characterization of caffeine and related methylxanthines should be performed with the aim to reach a conclusion about the upper safe level of intake of these compounds.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123849535 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 2379
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Five Volume Set provides users with a solid bridge of current and accurate information spanning food production and processing, from distribution and consumption to health effects. The Encyclopedia comprises five volumes, each containing comprehensive, thorough coverage, and a writing style that is succinct and straightforward. Users will find this to be a meticulously organized resource of the best available summary and conclusions on each topic. Written from a truly international perspective, and covering of all areas of food science and health in over 550 articles, with extensive cross-referencing and further reading at the end of each chapter, this updated encyclopedia is an invaluable resource for both research and educational needs. Identifies the essential nutrients and how to avoid their deficiencies Explores the use of diet to reduce disease risk and optimize health Compiles methods for detection and quantitation of food constituents, food additives and nutrients, and contaminants Contains coverage of all areas of food science and health in nearly 700 articles, with extensive cross-referencing and further reading at the end of each chapter
Author: Bertil B. Fredholm Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642134432 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 566
Book Description
In the present volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology well known experts describe the actions of different xanthines with a focus on caffeine and theophylline. A special chapter is devoted to theobromine, an active component of chocolate, the actions of which are less well characterized. This book also presents the pharmacology of one xanthine derivative, propentofylline, as an example of a xanthine that has gone through extensive development for a novel therapeutic area.
Author: Carl P. Weiner Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 1437721362 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 1321
Book Description
Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women, 2nd Edition, by Carl P. Weiner, MD, MBA, FACOG, and Catalin Buhimschi, MD, is a must-have reference that details how virtually all of today’s drugs and herbal supplements interact with pregnancy and lactation. Updated thoroughly and covering nearly 2,000 substances, the new edition explains whether each drug is FDA-approved for use by expecting or nursing mothers...is known to be safe for use...or is known to pose a danger. An alphabetical organization by both trade and generic name...a special index listing drugs by category...and an easy-to-read page format make reference more efficient. Describes each substance's mechanism of action, side effects, drug-drug interactions, dosage, cost of therapy, and degree of safety during pregnancy or lactation, providing the thorough details you need to choose the most effective course of treatment. Indicates not only whether the FDA has approved a drug based on clinical trials, but also whether the drug is generally considered to be safe in the absence of FDA approval. Includes over-the-counter drugs and alternative medications as well as prescription drugs, to give you a broad background of available drugs. Features an alphabetical organization by both trade and generic name...a special index listing drugs by category...and an easy-to-read page format that make reference more efficient. Uses an eye-catching icon to highlight known teratogens. Examines new drugs that have been introduced to the market since the publication of the previous edition, and presents revised or new information for all current listings, to keep you current. Provides drug interaction information to make you aware of the possible implications of using more than one drug in combination. Includes international drug names to give this reference an international perspective.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309039940 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 765
Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309041384 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 481
Book Description
In Part I of Nutrition During Pregnancy, the authors call for revisions in recommended weight gains for pregnant women. They explore relationships between weight gain during pregnancy and a variety of factors (e.g., the mother's weight for height before pregnancy) and places this in the context of the health of the infant and the mother. They present specific target ranges for weight gain during pregnancy and guidelines for proper measurement. Part II addresses vitamin and mineral supplementation during pregnancy, examining the adequacy of diet in meeting nutrient needs during pregnancy and recommending specific amounts of supplements for special circumstances. It also covers the effects of caffeine, alcohol, cigarette, marijuana, and cocaine use and presents specific research recommendations.
Author: Jerry Meyer Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 1605359874 Category : Psychotropic drugs Languages : en Pages : 841
Book Description
Unique in its breadth of coverage ranging from historical accounts of drug use to clinical and preclinical behavioral studies, Psychopharmacology is appropriate for undergraduates studying the relationships between the behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs and their mechanisms of action. 1. Chapter-opening vignettes foster student engagement 2. Breakout boxes present novel, and, in some cases, controversial topics for special discussion. Box themes include: History of Psychopharmacology; Pharmacology in Action; Clinical Applications; Of Special Interest; and The Cutting Edge. 3. The book is extensively illustrated with full-color photographs and line art depicting important concepts and experimental data 4. Section Summaries highlight key concepts from the section of text just read 5. Chapter-ending Recommended Readings offer suggestions for further study And the enhanced eBook provides an interactive learning pathway through the content. Meyer, Psychopharmacology and it's accompanying enhanced ebook provide engaging features like self-study questions, and clinical case studies, cutting edge research, and applied pharmacology to keep students focused on the content, while providing the scientific depth, breadth, and rigor required for the course.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309082587 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.
Author: Jeffrey K. Aronson Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080459501 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 695
Book Description
Volume 28 in the series of Side Effects of Drugs Annuals (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/series/seda) continues to serve its primary goal: to provide clinicians and medical investigators with a reliable and critical yearly survey of new data and trends in the area of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. An international team of specialists has reviewed new data and trends by selecting from the year's writing all that is truly new and informative, by critically interpreting it, and by pointing to whatever is unproven or misleading. The use of the book is enhanced by separate indexes, allowing the reader to access the text via drug name, adverse effect, or drug interaction. The current annual includes an essay by the editor, Dr Jeffrey Aronson, entitled 'Classifying Drug Adverse Reactions in the 21st Century.' In it he describes how the modern approach to classifying adverse drug reactions takes into account the dose that causes the reaction, the time-course of the reaction, and the susceptibility factors that increase the individual patient's risk, and shows how this analysis can facilitate regulatory decision making. Provides a critical yearly survey of new data and trends Includes an essay that describes the modern approach to classifying adverse drug reactions Special reviews in this Annual include, among other topics: Antipsychotic drugs and now-onset diabetes mellitus, Treating asthma during pregnancy, and MMR vaccine and autism
Author: H. C. Andersson
Author: H. C. Andersson
Author: 
Author: Bertil B. Fredholm
Author: Carl P. Weiner
Author: National Research Council
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Jerry Meyer
Author: 
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Jeffrey K. Aronson