Author:
Publisher: Peter H Friedeichs
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 308
Book Description
Instruments of Amplification
Audio Power Amplifier Design
Author: Douglas Self
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136123814
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1293
Book Description
This book is essential for audio power amplifier designers and engineers for one simple reason...it enables you as a professional to develop reliable, high-performance circuits. The Author Douglas Self covers the major issues of distortion and linearity, power supplies, overload, DC-protection and reactive loading. He also tackles unusual forms of compensation and distortion produced by capacitors and fuses. This completely updated fifth edition includes four NEW chapters including one on The XD Principle, invented by the author, and used by Cambridge Audio. Crosstalk, power amplifier input systems, and microcontrollers in amplifiers are also now discussed in this fifth edition, making this book a must-have for audio power amplifier professionals and audiophiles.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1136123814
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1293
Book Description
This book is essential for audio power amplifier designers and engineers for one simple reason...it enables you as a professional to develop reliable, high-performance circuits. The Author Douglas Self covers the major issues of distortion and linearity, power supplies, overload, DC-protection and reactive loading. He also tackles unusual forms of compensation and distortion produced by capacitors and fuses. This completely updated fifth edition includes four NEW chapters including one on The XD Principle, invented by the author, and used by Cambridge Audio. Crosstalk, power amplifier input systems, and microcontrollers in amplifiers are also now discussed in this fifth edition, making this book a must-have for audio power amplifier professionals and audiophiles.
Between Air and Electricity
Author: Cathy van Eck
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1501327607
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
Composers and sound artists have explored for decades how to transform microphones and loudspeakers from “inaudible” technology into genuinely new musical instruments. While the sound reproduction industry had claimed perfect high fidelity already at the beginning of the twentieth century, these artists found surprising ways of use – for instance tweaking microphones, swinging loudspeakers furiously around, ditching microphones in all kinds of vessels, or strapping loudspeakers to body parts of the audience. Between air and electricity traces their quest and sets forward a new theoretical framework, providing historic background on technological and artistic development, and diagrams of concert and performance set-ups. From popular noise musician Merzbow to minimalist classic Alvin Lucier, cult instrument inventor Hugh Davies, or contemporary visual artist Lynn Pook – they all aimed to make audible what was supposed to remain silent.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1501327607
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 217
Book Description
Composers and sound artists have explored for decades how to transform microphones and loudspeakers from “inaudible” technology into genuinely new musical instruments. While the sound reproduction industry had claimed perfect high fidelity already at the beginning of the twentieth century, these artists found surprising ways of use – for instance tweaking microphones, swinging loudspeakers furiously around, ditching microphones in all kinds of vessels, or strapping loudspeakers to body parts of the audience. Between air and electricity traces their quest and sets forward a new theoretical framework, providing historic background on technological and artistic development, and diagrams of concert and performance set-ups. From popular noise musician Merzbow to minimalist classic Alvin Lucier, cult instrument inventor Hugh Davies, or contemporary visual artist Lynn Pook – they all aimed to make audible what was supposed to remain silent.
Designing Audio Power Amplifiers
Author: Bob Cordell
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781138555457
Category : Audio amplifiers
Languages : en
Pages : 772
Book Description
This comprehensive book on audio power amplifier design will appeal to members of the professional audio engineering community as well as the student and enthusiast. Designing Audio Power Amplifiersbegins with power amplifier design basics that a novice can understand and moves all the way through to in-depth design techniques for very sophisticated audiophiles and professional audio power amplifiers. This book is the single best source of knowledge for anyone who wishes to design audio power amplifiers. It also provides a detailed introduction to nearly all aspects of analog circuit design, making it an effective educational text. Develop and hone your audio amplifier design skills with in-depth coverage of these and other topics: Basic and advanced audio power amplifier design Low-noise amplifier design Static and dynamic crossover distortion demystified Understanding negative feedback and the controversy surrounding it Advanced NFB compensation techniques, including TPC and TMC Sophisticated DC servo design MOSFET power amplifiers and error correction Audio measurements and instrumentation Overlooked sources of distortion SPICE simulation for audio amplifiers, including a tutorial on LTspice SPICE transistor modeling, including the VDMOS model for power MOSFETs Thermal design and the use of ThermalTrak(tm) transistors Four chapters on class D amplifiers, including measurement techniques Professional power amplifiers Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). design Static and dynamic crossover distortion demystified Understanding negative feedback and the controversy surrounding it Advanced NFB compensation techniques, including TPC and TMC Sophisticated DC servo design MOSFET power amplifiers and error correction Audio measurements and instrumentation Overlooked sources of distortion SPICE simulation for audio amplifiers, including a tutorial on LTspice SPICE transistor modeling, including the VDMOS model for power MOSFETs Thermal design and the use of ThermalTrak(tm) transistors Four chapters on class D amplifiers, including measurement techniques Professional power amplifiers Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). the use of ThermalTrak(tm) transistors Four chapters on class D amplifiers, including measurement techniques Professional power amplifiers Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS).
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781138555457
Category : Audio amplifiers
Languages : en
Pages : 772
Book Description
This comprehensive book on audio power amplifier design will appeal to members of the professional audio engineering community as well as the student and enthusiast. Designing Audio Power Amplifiersbegins with power amplifier design basics that a novice can understand and moves all the way through to in-depth design techniques for very sophisticated audiophiles and professional audio power amplifiers. This book is the single best source of knowledge for anyone who wishes to design audio power amplifiers. It also provides a detailed introduction to nearly all aspects of analog circuit design, making it an effective educational text. Develop and hone your audio amplifier design skills with in-depth coverage of these and other topics: Basic and advanced audio power amplifier design Low-noise amplifier design Static and dynamic crossover distortion demystified Understanding negative feedback and the controversy surrounding it Advanced NFB compensation techniques, including TPC and TMC Sophisticated DC servo design MOSFET power amplifiers and error correction Audio measurements and instrumentation Overlooked sources of distortion SPICE simulation for audio amplifiers, including a tutorial on LTspice SPICE transistor modeling, including the VDMOS model for power MOSFETs Thermal design and the use of ThermalTrak(tm) transistors Four chapters on class D amplifiers, including measurement techniques Professional power amplifiers Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). design Static and dynamic crossover distortion demystified Understanding negative feedback and the controversy surrounding it Advanced NFB compensation techniques, including TPC and TMC Sophisticated DC servo design MOSFET power amplifiers and error correction Audio measurements and instrumentation Overlooked sources of distortion SPICE simulation for audio amplifiers, including a tutorial on LTspice SPICE transistor modeling, including the VDMOS model for power MOSFETs Thermal design and the use of ThermalTrak(tm) transistors Four chapters on class D amplifiers, including measurement techniques Professional power amplifiers Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS). the use of ThermalTrak(tm) transistors Four chapters on class D amplifiers, including measurement techniques Professional power amplifiers Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS).
The Guitar Amp Handbook
Author: Dave Hunter
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1493083554
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 297
Book Description
The Guitar Amp Handbook: Understanding Tube Amplifiers and Getting Great Sounds, Updated Edition brings fresh information to the table to help guitarists understand everything about what makes their amps tick and how to use them to sound better than ever. It builds on the popular original edition of the book, first published in 2005. Central to the book's success is the way it walks musicians through the significance of each crucial circuit stage and component of a great number of classic and modern tube amp designs, helping guitarists get the most from the amps they already own or choose new amps that are best suited to their needs. The Guitar Amp Handbook reveals many of the tips and tricks used by today's top designers and builders, and it debunks the hype used by the marketing departments at large manufacturers keen on selling specific amps that might not be right for particular players. The book is designed to help guitarists understand what really goes on inside tube amps and where the tone comes from. This new updated and expanded edition adds further knowledge to the foundation, ensuring it continues as the most thorough and authoritative publication on the subject to be found anywhere.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1493083554
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 297
Book Description
The Guitar Amp Handbook: Understanding Tube Amplifiers and Getting Great Sounds, Updated Edition brings fresh information to the table to help guitarists understand everything about what makes their amps tick and how to use them to sound better than ever. It builds on the popular original edition of the book, first published in 2005. Central to the book's success is the way it walks musicians through the significance of each crucial circuit stage and component of a great number of classic and modern tube amp designs, helping guitarists get the most from the amps they already own or choose new amps that are best suited to their needs. The Guitar Amp Handbook reveals many of the tips and tricks used by today's top designers and builders, and it debunks the hype used by the marketing departments at large manufacturers keen on selling specific amps that might not be right for particular players. The book is designed to help guitarists understand what really goes on inside tube amps and where the tone comes from. This new updated and expanded edition adds further knowledge to the foundation, ensuring it continues as the most thorough and authoritative publication on the subject to be found anywhere.
Doherty Power Amplifiers
Author: Bumman Kim
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128098759
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
Doherty Power Amplifiers: From Fundamentals to Advanced Design Methods is a great resource for both RF and microwave engineers and graduate students who want to understand and implement the technology into future base station and mobile handset systems. The book introduces the very basic operational principles of the Doherty Amplifier and its non-ideal behaviors. The different transconductance requirements for carrier and peaking amplifiers, reactive element effect, and knee voltage effect are described. In addition, several methods to correct imperfections are introduced, such as uneven input drive, gate bias adaptation, dual input drive and the offset line technique. Advanced design methods of Doherty Amplifiers are also explained, including multistage/multiway Doherty power amplifiers which can enhance the efficiency of the amplification of a highly-modulated signal. Other covered topics include signal tracking operation which increases the dynamic range, highly efficient saturated amplifiers, and broadband amplifiers, amongst other comprehensive, related topics. - Specifically written on the Doherty Power Amplifier by the world's leading expert, providing an in-depth presentation of principles and design techniques - Includes detailed analysis on correcting non-ideal behaviors of Doherty Power Amplifiers - Presents advanced Doherty Power Amplifier architectures
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128098759
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 186
Book Description
Doherty Power Amplifiers: From Fundamentals to Advanced Design Methods is a great resource for both RF and microwave engineers and graduate students who want to understand and implement the technology into future base station and mobile handset systems. The book introduces the very basic operational principles of the Doherty Amplifier and its non-ideal behaviors. The different transconductance requirements for carrier and peaking amplifiers, reactive element effect, and knee voltage effect are described. In addition, several methods to correct imperfections are introduced, such as uneven input drive, gate bias adaptation, dual input drive and the offset line technique. Advanced design methods of Doherty Amplifiers are also explained, including multistage/multiway Doherty power amplifiers which can enhance the efficiency of the amplification of a highly-modulated signal. Other covered topics include signal tracking operation which increases the dynamic range, highly efficient saturated amplifiers, and broadband amplifiers, amongst other comprehensive, related topics. - Specifically written on the Doherty Power Amplifier by the world's leading expert, providing an in-depth presentation of principles and design techniques - Includes detailed analysis on correcting non-ideal behaviors of Doherty Power Amplifiers - Presents advanced Doherty Power Amplifier architectures
Audiophile Vacuum Tube Amplifiers - Design, Construction, Testing, Repairing & Upgrading
Author: Igor S. Popovich
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780980622324
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
The most complete and practical modern reference on audiophile vacuum tube technology! Destined to become a true classic in its field, this unique DIY design & construction manual presents the theory and practice of amplifier design & construction in a balanced way. For those who dislike formulas and want proven, practical, ready-to-build designs, dozens of such commercial, tried & tested circuits are explained and analyzed. Just get your soldering iron ready and start building! Absolute beginners will benefit from the methodological approach, starting with DC circuits, then moving into AC voltages and currents and their circuits. The first few chapters of Volume 1 are a complete training course in fundamentals of electronics. Although the focus is on audiophile or "hi-fi" vacuum tube amplifiers, those interested in tube guitar amps will also benefit from the wealth of material presented, most of which directly applies to tube guitar amps as well. Apart from various audio circuits, electronic components, power supplies and tests & measurements are also covered in depth. Even tube testing and tube testers are discussed at great length, as is troubleshooting, repairing and modifying (upgrading) tube gear. The advanced topics that other books don't even mention, such as audio transformer design, construction and testing, make this reference manual a valuable addition to your technical library. For those familiar with solid state devices, such as bipolar transistors and FETs, an easy and seamless transition into tube technology is provided in the book, which adopts a unifying approach to amplification and rectification devices, be they of solid state or vacuum tube kind. This practical DIY manual is richly and professionally illustrated with photographs of tubes, components and amplifiers, circuit diagrams, tube pinouts, curves and loadlines, graphs and charts. Hundreds of such valuable illustrations make it easy to comprehend issues. There is no need to search for, download and print such information, saving you valuable time. All the information required to design and build tube amplifiers is compiled in one place. Who is this book for? Audiophiles and guitar players wanting to learn how tubes and tube amplifiers work. DIY constructors who wish to take their knowledge and building skills to a higher level. Buyers and sellers of tubes and tube equipment who need a better understanding of tube technology. Electronic technicians and engineers familiar with solid state devices and circuits, who want to expand their knowledge of tubes and their circuits. Anyone who wants to learn how to design, build, test, fix, or upgrade tube gear. Contents of Volume 1: WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM THIS BOOK AND HOW BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT THEORY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AUDIO FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF VACUUM TUBE OPERATION VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION WITH TRIODES - THE COMMON CATHODE STAGE OTHER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION STAGES WITH TRIODES TETRODES AND PENTODES AS VOLTAGE AMPLIFIERS FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIERS IMPEDANCE-COUPLED STAGES AND INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMERS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK TONE CONTROLS, ACTIVE CROSSOVERS AND OTHER CIRCUITS PRACTICAL LINE-LEVEL PREAMPLIFIER DESIGNS PHONO PREAMPLIFIERS SINGLE-ENDED TRIODE OUTPUT STAGE PRACTICAL SINGLE-ENDED TRIODE AMPLIFIER DESIGNS PRACTICAL SINGLE-ENDED PSEUDO-TRIODE DESIGNS SINGLE-ENDED PENTODE AND ULTRALINEAR OUTPUT STAGES"
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780980622324
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
The most complete and practical modern reference on audiophile vacuum tube technology! Destined to become a true classic in its field, this unique DIY design & construction manual presents the theory and practice of amplifier design & construction in a balanced way. For those who dislike formulas and want proven, practical, ready-to-build designs, dozens of such commercial, tried & tested circuits are explained and analyzed. Just get your soldering iron ready and start building! Absolute beginners will benefit from the methodological approach, starting with DC circuits, then moving into AC voltages and currents and their circuits. The first few chapters of Volume 1 are a complete training course in fundamentals of electronics. Although the focus is on audiophile or "hi-fi" vacuum tube amplifiers, those interested in tube guitar amps will also benefit from the wealth of material presented, most of which directly applies to tube guitar amps as well. Apart from various audio circuits, electronic components, power supplies and tests & measurements are also covered in depth. Even tube testing and tube testers are discussed at great length, as is troubleshooting, repairing and modifying (upgrading) tube gear. The advanced topics that other books don't even mention, such as audio transformer design, construction and testing, make this reference manual a valuable addition to your technical library. For those familiar with solid state devices, such as bipolar transistors and FETs, an easy and seamless transition into tube technology is provided in the book, which adopts a unifying approach to amplification and rectification devices, be they of solid state or vacuum tube kind. This practical DIY manual is richly and professionally illustrated with photographs of tubes, components and amplifiers, circuit diagrams, tube pinouts, curves and loadlines, graphs and charts. Hundreds of such valuable illustrations make it easy to comprehend issues. There is no need to search for, download and print such information, saving you valuable time. All the information required to design and build tube amplifiers is compiled in one place. Who is this book for? Audiophiles and guitar players wanting to learn how tubes and tube amplifiers work. DIY constructors who wish to take their knowledge and building skills to a higher level. Buyers and sellers of tubes and tube equipment who need a better understanding of tube technology. Electronic technicians and engineers familiar with solid state devices and circuits, who want to expand their knowledge of tubes and their circuits. Anyone who wants to learn how to design, build, test, fix, or upgrade tube gear. Contents of Volume 1: WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM THIS BOOK AND HOW BASIC ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT THEORY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AUDIO FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF VACUUM TUBE OPERATION VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION WITH TRIODES - THE COMMON CATHODE STAGE OTHER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION STAGES WITH TRIODES TETRODES AND PENTODES AS VOLTAGE AMPLIFIERS FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIERS IMPEDANCE-COUPLED STAGES AND INTERSTAGE TRANSFORMERS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK TONE CONTROLS, ACTIVE CROSSOVERS AND OTHER CIRCUITS PRACTICAL LINE-LEVEL PREAMPLIFIER DESIGNS PHONO PREAMPLIFIERS SINGLE-ENDED TRIODE OUTPUT STAGE PRACTICAL SINGLE-ENDED TRIODE AMPLIFIER DESIGNS PRACTICAL SINGLE-ENDED PSEUDO-TRIODE DESIGNS SINGLE-ENDED PENTODE AND ULTRALINEAR OUTPUT STAGES"
Op Amps for Everyone
Author: Ron Mancini
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0750677015
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
The operational amplifier ("op amp") is the most versatile and widely used type of analog IC, used in audio and voltage amplifiers, signal conditioners, signal converters, oscillators, and analog computing systems. Almost every electronic device uses at least one op amp. This book is Texas Instruments' complete professional-level tutorial and reference to operational amplifier theory and applications. Among the topics covered are basic op amp physics (including reviews of current and voltage division, Thevenin's theorem, and transistor models), idealized op amp operation and configuration, feedback theory and methods, single and dual supply operation, understanding op amp parameters, minimizing noise in op amp circuits, and practical applications such as instrumentation amplifiers, signal conditioning, oscillators, active filters, load and level conversions, and analog computing. There is also extensive coverage of circuit construction techniques, including circuit board design, grounding, input and output isolation, using decoupling capacitors, and frequency characteristics of passive components. The material in this book is applicable to all op amp ICs from all manufacturers, not just TI. Unlike textbook treatments of op amp theory that tend to focus on idealized op amp models and configuration, this title uses idealized models only when necessary to explain op amp theory. The bulk of this book is on real-world op amps and their applications; considerations such as thermal effects, circuit noise, circuit buffering, selection of appropriate op amps for a given application, and unexpected effects in passive components are all discussed in detail. *Published in conjunction with Texas Instruments *A single volume, professional-level guide to op amp theory and applications *Covers circuit board layout techniques for manufacturing op amp circuits.
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0750677015
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 470
Book Description
The operational amplifier ("op amp") is the most versatile and widely used type of analog IC, used in audio and voltage amplifiers, signal conditioners, signal converters, oscillators, and analog computing systems. Almost every electronic device uses at least one op amp. This book is Texas Instruments' complete professional-level tutorial and reference to operational amplifier theory and applications. Among the topics covered are basic op amp physics (including reviews of current and voltage division, Thevenin's theorem, and transistor models), idealized op amp operation and configuration, feedback theory and methods, single and dual supply operation, understanding op amp parameters, minimizing noise in op amp circuits, and practical applications such as instrumentation amplifiers, signal conditioning, oscillators, active filters, load and level conversions, and analog computing. There is also extensive coverage of circuit construction techniques, including circuit board design, grounding, input and output isolation, using decoupling capacitors, and frequency characteristics of passive components. The material in this book is applicable to all op amp ICs from all manufacturers, not just TI. Unlike textbook treatments of op amp theory that tend to focus on idealized op amp models and configuration, this title uses idealized models only when necessary to explain op amp theory. The bulk of this book is on real-world op amps and their applications; considerations such as thermal effects, circuit noise, circuit buffering, selection of appropriate op amps for a given application, and unexpected effects in passive components are all discussed in detail. *Published in conjunction with Texas Instruments *A single volume, professional-level guide to op amp theory and applications *Covers circuit board layout techniques for manufacturing op amp circuits.
Op Amp Applications Handbook
Author: Walt Jung
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0750678445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 898
Book Description
A complete and up-to-date op amp reference for electronics engineers from the most famous op amp guru.
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0750678445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 898
Book Description
A complete and up-to-date op amp reference for electronics engineers from the most famous op amp guru.
The Musical Instrument Desk Reference
Author: Michael J. Pagliaro
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 081088271X
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Book Description
In The Musical Instrument Desk Reference, Michael Pagliaro, musical instrument authority extraordinaire, provides the one-stop shop for those in need of a quick, visually-rich reference guide to band and orchestral instruments. Descriptions and illustrations of everything from the physics of sound to detailed discussions of each orchestra and band instrument make this work the ideal desktop reference tool for the working musician. Through its Quick Start and In Depth features, readers can quickly decide how deeply they want to delve into the instrument at hand. Following a contemporary format designed to facilitate what any musician or music instructor needs to know, The Musical Instrument Desk Reference eliminates the need to leaf through multiple method books or trawl through websites to find information. The Musical Instrument Desk Reference includes general information on fingering, the anatomy of musical instruments, sound production, amplification, and control, as well as the science of sound. Readers will find individual chapters on woodwinds, brass instruments, non-fretted string instruments, and percussion instruments. In each category, Pagliaro delves deeper, describing for woodwinds such things as tuning, key systems, fingerings, sound production, tone holes, assembly, materials, embouchures, and reed use; for brass instruments such matters as valve systems, fingering patterns, French horn types, mouthpiece selection, and intonation; for non-fretted string instruments such issues as tuning and fingering, playing position, bowing technique, instrument parts, and materials; and for percussion instruments such elements as instrument types and their classifications, tuning procedures, and accessories. The Musical Instrument Desk Reference is the perfect guide for anyone interested in or responsible for working with varieties of instruments and their players. Teachers, students, teachers in training, music instructors, instrument technicians, and musicians can quickly locate any specific detail related to any band or orchestral instrument.
Publisher: Scarecrow Press
ISBN: 081088271X
Category : Music
Languages : en
Pages : 201
Book Description
In The Musical Instrument Desk Reference, Michael Pagliaro, musical instrument authority extraordinaire, provides the one-stop shop for those in need of a quick, visually-rich reference guide to band and orchestral instruments. Descriptions and illustrations of everything from the physics of sound to detailed discussions of each orchestra and band instrument make this work the ideal desktop reference tool for the working musician. Through its Quick Start and In Depth features, readers can quickly decide how deeply they want to delve into the instrument at hand. Following a contemporary format designed to facilitate what any musician or music instructor needs to know, The Musical Instrument Desk Reference eliminates the need to leaf through multiple method books or trawl through websites to find information. The Musical Instrument Desk Reference includes general information on fingering, the anatomy of musical instruments, sound production, amplification, and control, as well as the science of sound. Readers will find individual chapters on woodwinds, brass instruments, non-fretted string instruments, and percussion instruments. In each category, Pagliaro delves deeper, describing for woodwinds such things as tuning, key systems, fingerings, sound production, tone holes, assembly, materials, embouchures, and reed use; for brass instruments such matters as valve systems, fingering patterns, French horn types, mouthpiece selection, and intonation; for non-fretted string instruments such issues as tuning and fingering, playing position, bowing technique, instrument parts, and materials; and for percussion instruments such elements as instrument types and their classifications, tuning procedures, and accessories. The Musical Instrument Desk Reference is the perfect guide for anyone interested in or responsible for working with varieties of instruments and their players. Teachers, students, teachers in training, music instructors, instrument technicians, and musicians can quickly locate any specific detail related to any band or orchestral instrument.