Instantaneous Kinematic Analyses of Spur and Helical Gear Pairs Having Runout and Wobble Errors PDF Download

Author: Sarah S. Case
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gearing, Spiral
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
In this study, a two-dimensional model is proposed for determining theoretical contact lines, tooth separation, and approximated loaded transmission error with frequency spectra thereof, as well as various other output variables such as instantaneous center distance, operating pressure angle, and instantaneous contact ratio when circular runout error is applied to either or both gears in a spur or helical gear pair. As an addendum, a method for calculating off-line of action tooth separation using this model is described for spur gears. Additionally, a three-dimensional model is proposed for determining theoretical contact lines and tooth separation when any combination of circular runout or wobble error are applied to either or both gears in a spur or helical gear pair. Sample analyses are shown for spur and helical gear pairs with runout error applied using the two-dimensional model, and a helical gear pair with various combinations of runout and wobble error applied using the three-dimensional model. The results are discussed qualitatively with respect to the expected effects the applied errors would have on the tooth separation and related variables.

Author: Michael Alan Benatar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gearing, Spiral
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This dissertation research focuses on developing and experimentally validating a three-dimensional load distribution model for helical gear pairs that is suitable for both quasi-static and dynamic conditions. As one phase of this research, the modeling work is carried out in two main steps. The first step focuses on quasi-static conditions by (i) developing a generalized procedure to define instantaneous contact lines along the gear mesh interface, (ii) formulating the flexibility introduced by the support structures such as bearings and shafts in a systematic way, and (iii) including gear blank related manufacturing errors such as eccentricity and wobble. The contact problem under these conditions, governed by compatibility and equilibrium equations, are solved by using an iterative elastic contact algorithm. In the second step, dynamic effects are included in the model of the first step to develop a dynamic load distribution model of a helical gear pair having the same novel features of the quasi-static model. For this, the compatibility equations of the quasi-static model are coupled to the equations of motion in the state-space representation and solved by using a backward Euler method. The other phase of this research is focused on validation of the quasi-static and dynamic load distribution models. As very little experimental helical gear data is available in the literature, an experimental study is conducted to generate an extensive database for validation of the models of this study as well as for guiding future helical gear modeling efforts. The experimental study considers a family of unity-ratio helical gear pairs having varying amounts of micro-geometry modifications as well as several spur gears having certain manufacturing errors. An encoder-based measurement system is devised to quantify the static transmission error at various transmitted torque levels to form Harris charts and define the design load values. An accelerometer-based measurement system is also incorporated with the same setup to evaluate the dynamic transmission error of the same test articles within wide speed ranges of operation. The predictions of the proposed models are compared to the experimental measurements to demonstrate that the models are accurate under both quasi-static and dynamic conditions, with or without gear blank related manufacturing errors. Given their computational efficiency, the proposed models with their novel capabilities are suitable for design optimizations studies.

Author: Michael Heskamp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gearing
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Book Description
Abstract: In this thesis, digital data acquisition software is developed and implemented with an accelerometer-based instrumentation for the measurement of motion transmission errors of parallel-axis gear pairs operating under dynamic conditions. This system digitizes the acceleration signals from diametrically opposed tangential transducers mounted on each gear wheel to determine angular accelerations of both the mating gears. These signals are combined and integrated twice to obtain the dynamic transmission error (DTE) along the line of action. The measured DTE is processed under constant speed or sweep-up and sweep-down conditions to determine the harmonic content of the steady-state vibration response as well as transient response in the form of waterfall plots. The DTE values obtained by using the digital method are compared to those obtained from an analog system to show a good correlation. The digital data acquisition and analysis system is then used to measure the DTE of a number of example spur and helical gears having different modifications and contact ratios. At the end, capabilities and limitations of this approach for measuring DTE are discussed.

Author: Jan Klingelnberg
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662438933
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 358

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Book Description
This is the first book to offer a complete presentation of bevel gears. An expert team of authors highlights the areas of application for these machine elements and presents the geometrical features of bevel gears as well as the various gear cutting processes based on gear cutting theory. The aspect of three-dimensional gearing is assessed in detail in terms of flank design, load capacity and noise behavior. A representation of production processes with the required technologies provides a knowledge base on which sound decisions can be based. The authors offer a thorough introduction to the complex world of bevel gears and present the rapid advances of these machine elements in a detailed, comprehensible manner. This book addresses design engineers in mechanical engineering and vehicle manufacturing, as well as producers of bevel gears and students in mechanical engineering.

Author: Mark Robert Milliren
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 95

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Book Description
Abstract: In this study, an experimental investigation is performed to investigate the impact of various gear errors on transmission error and root fillet stresses. A test set-up is devised to operate a pair of spur gears under loaded, low-speed conditions. Two measurement systems; one an optical encoder-based transmission error measurement system and the other a multi-channel strain measurement system, are developed and implemented with the test set-up. A set of test gears having various types and tightly-controlled magnitudes of manufacturing errors are designed and procured. These errors include indexing errors of different tooth sequences, pitch line run-out errors and lead wobble errors. An extensive test matrix is executed to quantify the impact of these errors on the loaded static transmission error and the root stresses of the spur gears. At the end, the same test conditions are simulated by using a recent feature of gear analysis model (LDP) to assess the accuracy of its predictions.

Author: Muhammad Nevin Anandika
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gearing, Spiral
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Noise and vibration performance of a gear system is critical in any industry. Vibrations caused by the excitations at the gear meshes propagate to the transmission housing to cause noise, while also increasing gear tooth stresses to degrade durability. As such, gear engineers must seek gear designs that are nominally quiet with low vibration amplitudes. tudes. They must also ensure that this nominal performance is robust in the presence of various manufacturing errors. This thesis research aims at an experimental investigation of the influence of one type of manufacturing error, namely random tooth spacing errors, on the vibratory responses of spur and helical gear pairs. For this purpose, families of spur and helical gear test specimens having intentionally induced, tightly controlled random spacing error sequences are fabricated. These specimens are paired and assembled in various ways to achieve different sequences of composite spacing errors. Static and dynamic motion transmission error measurements from these tests are compared to the baseline case of “no error” gear to quantify the impact of random spacing errors on the dynamic response. These comparisons show that there is a significant, quantifiable impact of random spacing errors on both spur and helical gear dynamics. In general, vibration amplitudes of gear pairs having random spacing errors are higher than those of the corresponding no-error gear pairs. In the frequency domain, gears having random spacing errors exhibit broad-band spectra with significant non-mesh harmonics, pointing to potential noise quality issues.

Author: Joseph R. Davis
Publisher: ASM International
ISBN: 1615030492
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 349

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Book Description
All of the critical technical aspects of gear materials technology are addressed in this new reference work. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture is intended for gear metallurgists and materials specialists, manufacturing engineers, lubrication technologists, and analysts concerned with gear failures who seek a better understanding of gear performance and gear life. This volume complements other gear texts that emphasize the design, geometry, and theory of gears. The coverage begins with an overview of the various types of gears used, important gear terminology, applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears, and lubrication and wear. This is followed by in-depth treatment of metallic (ferrous and nonferrous alloys) and plastic gear materials. Emphasis is on the properties of carburized steels, the material of choice for high-performance power transmission gearing.

Author: Peter Lynwander
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351446061
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
This outstanding reference provides the complete range of practical and theoretical information - with over 250 detailed illustartions, fugures and table- needed to design, manufacture and operate reliable, efficient gear drive systems, emphasizing parallel shaft and planetary units with spur and helical gearing.

Author: Graham T. Smith
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319251090
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 700

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Book Description
Maximizing reader insights into the key scientific disciplines of Machine Tool Metrology, this text will prove useful for the industrial-practitioner and those interested in the operation of machine tools. Within this current level of industrial-content, this book incorporates significant usage of the existing published literature and valid information obtained from a wide-spectrum of manufacturers of plant, equipment and instrumentation before putting forward novel ideas and methodologies. Providing easy to understand bullet points and lucid descriptions of metrological and calibration subjects, this book aids reader understanding of the topics discussed whilst adding a voluminous-amount of footnotes utilised throughout all of the chapters, which adds some additional detail to the subject. Featuring an extensive amount of photographic-support, this book will serve as a key reference text for all those involved in the field.

Author: Vincenzo Vullo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030365026
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 880

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Book Description
The book explores the geometric and kinematic design of the various types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, also considering the problems concerning their cutting processes. The cylindrical spur and helical gears are first considered, determining their main geometric quantities in the light of interference and undercut problems, as well as the related kinematic parameters. Particular attention is paid to the profile shift of these types of gears either generated by rack-type cutter or by pinion-rack cutter. Among other things, profile-shifted toothing allows to obtain teeth shapes capable of greater strength and more balanced specific sliding, as well as to reduce the number of teeth below the minimum one to avoid the operating interference or undercut. These very important aspects of geometric-kinematic design of cylindrical spur and helical gears are then generalized and extended to the other examined types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, such as: straight bevel gears; crossed helical gears; worm gears; spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Finally, ordinary gear trains, planetary gear trains and face gear drives are discussed. Includes fully-developed exercises to draw the reader's attention to the problems that are of interest to the designer, as well as to clarify the calculation procedure Topics are addressed from a theoretical standpoint, but in such a way as not to lose sight of the physical phenomena that characterize the various types of gears which are examined The analytical and numerical solutions are formulated so as to be of interest not only to academics, but also to designers who deal with actual engineering problems concerning the gears