Insights Into the Genome of Alfalfa, Medicago Sativa L. PDF Download

Author: Ian M. Ray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 350

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Author: Long-Xi Yu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030744663
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Book Description
This book is the first comprehensive compilation of deliberations on whole genome sequencing of the diploid and tetraploid alfalfa genomes including sequence assembly, gene annotation, and comparative genomics with the model legume genome, functional genomics, and genomics of important agronomic characters. Other chapters describe the genetic diversity and germplasm collections of alfalfa, as well as development of genetic markers and genome-wide association and genomic selection for economical important traits, genome editing, genomics, and breeding targets to address current and future needs. Altogether, the book contains about 300 pages over 16 chapters authored by globally reputed experts on the relevant field in this crop. This book is useful to the students, teachers, and scientists in the academia and relevant private companies interested in genetics, breeding, pathology, physiology, molecular genetics and breeding, biotechnology, and structural and functional genomics. The work is also useful to seed and forage industries.

Author: Joseph Gary Robins
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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The genetic structure of complex agronomic traits in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is not well understood. By crossing the subspecies M. sativa subsp. falcata and M. sativa subsp. sativa, a fullsib F1 population was created from which a genetic linkage map of each parental genome was developed using RFLP and SSR markers. These maps include simplex, duplex, and simplex-simplex alleles along with a number of alleles exhibiting segregation distortion. The inclusion of these more complicated segregation ratios resulted in greater saturation of the genome, a better convergence to eight consensus linkage groups, and a more realistic view of regions of the genome that may not behave normally due to segregation distortion than would have been possible by only using simplex alleles as has been done previously. The population was clonally propagated and grown at three field locations with phenotypic data collected over three years for various agronomic traits, including biomass production, forage height, and forage regrowth. Combining the marker data with the phenotypic data, markers were identified from each parental genome that were associated with these traits, suggesting that both major germplasm sources of cultivated alfalfa contain alleles that may contribute to improved alfalfa cultivars. These results provide a much better understanding of the genomic regions underlying these traits and are an important start in efforts aimed at the use of marker-assisted selection for the improvement of alfalfa cultivars.

Author: Gitanshu Munjal
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355764505
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The primary goal of the research presented in the following chapters was to assess the genomic basis of the adaptive trait of autumn dormancy in alfalfa using high resolution genetic mapping approaches in diverse germplasm. Previous work in the field has developed protocols to generate vast amounts of sequence based marker data for this species using GBS. However, opportunity remains to extract more information from such data than had been previously possible. In chapter 1, we review some concepts relevant to the rest of this work including basic biology and improvement of alfalfa, the trait of autumn dormancy, and opportunities for molecular markers in alfalfa research. In chapter 2, we employ a recent SNP calling methodology and develop a framework for estimating allele frequencies from pooled sequencing. We use that framework to screen the non-dormant cultivar CUF 101 and populations developed by three cycles of selection for taller and shorter plants in autumn. We validated the robustness of our GBS-derived, population-specific allele frequency estimates using an analytic approach. In chapter 3, we analyze pre- and post-selection populations from an additional five backgrounds together with CUF 101 to seek evidence for loci under selection in germplasm expressing a range of dormancy levels. In chapter 4, we build on recent scientific reports to propose a method for conducting genome-wide association scans from low-coverage autotetraploid sequencing data that is able to account for uncertainty regarding genotypes. We apply this method to a panel of semi-dormant individuals from a commercial breeding program. Using simulations, we show this method to be more powerful than an existing method.

Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309437385
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 607

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Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.

Author: Shelley Minteer
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420020706
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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Scientists and engineers have made significant advances over the last two decades to achieve feasible, cost-efficient processes for the large-scale production of alternative, environmentally friendly sources of energy. Alcoholic Fuels describes the latest methods for producing fuels containing varying percentages of alcohol alongside the var

Author: James T. Tambong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832539181
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317

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Author: L. Erickson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401723176
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381

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Molecular farming has been hailed as the "third wave" of genetically-modified organisms produced through biotechnology for the bio-based economy of the future. Unlike products of the first wave, such as herbicide resistant crop plants, which were perceived to benefit only the farmers who used them and the agrochemical companies who developed them, products of molecular farming are designed specifically for the benefit of the consumer. Such products could be purified from food or non-food organisms for a range of applications in industry, as well as animal and human health. Alternatively, the products of this technology could be consumed more directly in some edible format, such as milk, eggs, fruits or vegetables. There is a rapidly-growing interest Qn the part of the public as well as in the medical community in the role food plays in health, especially in the immunophysiological impact of food over and above the role of basic nutrition.

Author: Ray Rose
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781627036122
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Featuring current resources used to discover new legume family genes and to understand genes and their interactions, Legume Genomics: Methods and Protocols provides techniques from expert researchers to study these plants that are so vitally important for food, feed, human nutrition, bioenergy, and industrial purposes. This detailed volume covers genome characterization and analysis, transcriptome analysis and miRNA identification/analysis, forward and reverse genetics, molecular markers, as well as transformation strategies used to investigate gene function and many other topics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and useful, Legume Genomics: Methods and Protocols aims to serve plant molecular biologists, molecular breeders, plant physiologists and biochemists, developmental biologists, and those interested in plant-microbe interactions.

Author: Jen-Tsung Chen
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 9815136577
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235

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Molecular and Physiological Insights into Plant Stress Tolerance and Applications in Agriculture is an edited volume that presents research on plant stress responses at both molecular and physiological levels. Key Features: - Emphasizes the morphological and physiological reactions of plants and the underlying molecular mechanisms when faced with stress from environmental or pathogenic factors. - Explores microbial dynamics within the plant rhizosphere and the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria as biofertilizers and endophytes as biocontrol agents to enhance crop growth and productivity for sustainable agriculture. - Systematically summarizes molecular mechanisms in plant stress tolerance and discusses the current applications of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and precision breeding to obtain stress-tolerant crops, contributing to climate-smart agriculture and global food security. - Includes contributions and references from multidisciplinary experts in plant stress physiology, plant molecular biology, plant biotechnology, agronomy, agriculture, nanotechnology, and environmental science. The content of the book is aimed at addressing UN SDG goals 2, 12, and 15 to achieve zero hunger and responsible consumption and production, and to sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, respectively. This comprehensive resource is suitable for researchers, students, teachers, agriculturists, and readers in plant science, and allied disciplines. Readership: Researchers, students, teachers, agriculturists, and readers in plant science, and allied disciplines.