Insights into the design of mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes for improved stability of Zn anode performance in zinc-ion batteries PDF Download

Author: Licheng Miao
Publisher: OAE Publishing Inc.
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 31

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Book Description
Mildly acidic aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries are promising for large-energy storage but suffer from the irreversibility of Zn metal anodes due to parasitic H2 evolution, Zn corrosion, and dendrite growth. In recent years, increasing efforts have been devoted to overcoming these obstacles by regulating electrolyte structures. In this review, we investigate progress towards mildly acidic aqueous electrolytes for Zn batteries, with special emphasis on how the microstructures (in the bulk phase and on the surface of Zn anodes) affect the performance of Zn anodes. Moreover, effective computational simulations and characterization measurements for the structures of bulk electrolytes and Zn/electrolyte interfaces are discussed, along with perspectives for the direction of further investigations.

Author: Haiyan Wang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527835059
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Book Description
Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries Pioneering reference book providing the latest developments and experimental results of aqueous zinc ion batteries Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries comprehensively reviews latest advances in aqueous zinc ion batteries and clarifies the relationships between issues and solutions for the emerging battery technology. Starting with the history, the text covers essentials of each component of aqueous zinc ion batteries, including cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes, helping readers quickly attain a foundational understanding of the subject. Written by three highly qualified authors with significant experience in the field, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries provides in-depth coverage of sample topics such as: History, main challenges, and zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries Electrochemical reaction mechanism of aqueous zinc ion batteries and interfacial plating and stripping on zinc anodes Cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries, covering manganese-based materials, vanadium-based materials, Prussian blue analogs, and other cathode materials Development of electrolytes, issues, and corresponding solutions for aqueous zinc ion batteries Separators for aqueous zinc ion batteries, development of full zinc ion batteries, and future perspectives on the technology A detailed resource on a promising alternative to current lithium-ion battery systems, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries is an essential read for materials scientists, electrochemists, inorganic chemists, surface chemists, catalytic chemists, and surface physicists who want to be on the cutting edge of a promising new type of battery technology.

Author: Haiyan Wang
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 352734974X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Book Description
Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries Pioneering reference book providing the latest developments and experimental results of aqueous zinc ion batteries Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries comprehensively reviews latest advances in aqueous zinc ion batteries and clarifies the relationships between issues and solutions for the emerging battery technology. Starting with the history, the text covers essentials of each component of aqueous zinc ion batteries, including cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes, helping readers quickly attain a foundational understanding of the subject. Written by three highly qualified authors with significant experience in the field, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries provides in-depth coverage of sample topics such as: History, main challenges, and zinc metal anodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries Electrochemical reaction mechanism of aqueous zinc ion batteries and interfacial plating and stripping on zinc anodes Cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries, covering manganese-based materials, vanadium-based materials, Prussian blue analogs, and other cathode materials Development of electrolytes, issues, and corresponding solutions for aqueous zinc ion batteries Separators for aqueous zinc ion batteries, development of full zinc ion batteries, and future perspectives on the technology A detailed resource on a promising alternative to current lithium-ion battery systems, Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries is an essential read for materials scientists, electrochemists, inorganic chemists, surface chemists, catalytic chemists, and surface physicists who want to be on the cutting edge of a promising new type of battery technology.

Author: Min Xu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric batteries
Languages : en
Pages : 99

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Book Description
For Zn anode rechargeable batteries, there are a number of shortcomings associated with using traditional KOH aqueous electrolytes. These include drying-out of the electrolyte due to water evaporation and dendrite formation at the Zn electrode during recharging, which severely impair battery performance (e.g., cycle life and capacity) and limit their application. In particular, to solve the problem of dendrite formation that could cause short-circuit issues, many attempts have been made to modify the Zn electrode and the electrolyte, as well as to choose a desirable and robust separator. However, no breakthrough has been achieved on the basis of conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes. It is, therefore, critical to either modify conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes or explore alternative electrolytes to eliminate these bottlenecks to the development of a feasible Zn anode rechargeable battery system. Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) in recent years have been increasingly recognized as potential electrolytes or electrolyte components for rechargeable batteries. Applying non-volatile RTILs as electrolytes provides potential benefits of achieving a longer service life, as drying out due to water evaporation is no longer a problem. Furthermore, RTILs demonstrate the capacity to modify metal deposit morphology, which may contribute greatly to preventing Zn dendrite formation and improving battery cycle life. On the other hand, compared with alkaline electrolytes, a simple electrolyte system composed of an RTIL as the sole component faces the challenge of enhancing its low conductivity (one to two orders of magnitude lower than aqueous electrolytes) before it can be practically applied in a battery. With the purpose of developing electrolyte systems that can harness the benefits from both RTILs (Zn morphology control) and aqueous electrolytes (rapid Zn redox kinetics), two groups of electrolytes are investigated in this study. One is based on RTILs, composed of pyrrolidinium or imidazolium cations and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or dicyanamide anions, with the incorporation of diluents (water and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)). Another one adopts RTILs as additives to modify conventional KOH aqueous electrolytes. A larger portion of this work was focused on the former group. By applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometry (CA), the kinetics, reversibility and cyclability of Zn redox behavior is explored in the studied electrolytes. The morphology of Zn deposits is observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With respect to RTIL-based electrolytes, conductivity measurements, together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gas-phase density functional theory (DFT) are performed to investigate water interaction with RTIL ions and to shed light on the mechanisms for improved Zn redox behavior with water addition. For RTIL-based electrolytes, to balance the pros (improved electrolyte conductivity and Zn redox kinetic performance) and cons (reduced electrochemical stability of RTILs) of adding diluent(s) is of great importance in the development of workable electrolyte systems. Among six kinds of studied RTILs, i.e., 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI), 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPrP-TFSI), 1-methyl-1-pentylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (MPP-TFSI), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (EMI-TFSI), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium dicyanamide (BMP-DCA) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMI-DCA), an electrolyte system composed of EMI-DCA with the addition of both water and DMSO at a mole ratio of EMI-DCA:H2O:DMSO = 1:1.1:2.3 exhibits the best performance in terms of electrolyte conductivity, electrochemical properties for Zn redox reactions and Zn deposit morphology. For conventional alkaline aqueous electrolytes, adding an appropriate RTIL as the electrolyte additive can effectively eliminate Zn dendrite formation during electrodeposition. It is worth noting that hydrophilic RTILs are better relative to hydrophobic RTILs when it comes to obtaining desirable Zn morphologies and preventing dendritic Zn formation. An electrolyte composed of 9.0 M KOH + 5.0 wt% ZnO with a hydrophilic RTIL, i.e., 0.5 wt% EMI-DCA, appears to be a promising electrolyte system. These results give insights into developing novel alkaline aqueous electrolytes, which are deliberately modified with hydrophilic RTILs, for Zn anode rechargeable batteries.

Author: Rujiao Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Capacitors
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) and Zn-ion hybrid capacitors (ZICs) have recently attracted tremendous research interest due to promising electrochemical performances, mild assembly conditions, intrinsic safety, and low-cost potential for grid-level energy storage. However, both ZIBs and ZICs are challenged with issues such as dendrite growth and side reactions on the anode side and metal dissolution and low capacity on the cathode side. While anode issues can jeopardize the cycling stability and cycle life, cathode issues lower the cell-level energy density. As such, it is urgently needed to address those issues and levitate its competitiveness among other energy storage devices. The use of hydrogel electrolytes, e.g., polyacrylamide (PAM), can tackle the above problems due to their uniform and controllable 3D polymer network for ion homogenizing, proper water absorption for ion transferring, superior adhesiveness for electrolyte-electrode interface stability, and high strength for mechanically resisting dendrites. Chapter 1 is a literature review on hydrogels for functional ZIBs, in which backgrounds of ZIBs and hydrogel electrolytes were introduced, followed by a summary of different hydrogel electrolytes applied in ZIBs, including working principles behind their suppression on dendrite growth and side reactions. Moreover, hydrogel electrolytes have shown great potential for wearable and environmental-adaptive ZIBs given their good flexibility, elasticity, and high mechanical strength. As such, more hydrogel electrolytes were introduced in the literature review based on the colorful functions they bring to ZIBs, including self-healing behavior, super toughness, tailorability, anti-freezing property, and thermo-protection behavior, etc. Also, the mechanisms behind those functions, summary, and perspectives were detailly described. In Chapter 2, hydrogel electrolytes were demonstrated to endow ZICs with decent electrochemical performance and high flexibility. Activated carbon was used as the cathode for the assembly of ZICs (Zn//AC supercapacitors). Single-network PAM hydrogel electrolyte was firstly prepared and optimized for ZICs. Then, alginate was introduced to this hydrogel electrolyte to make Alginate/PAM hydrogel electrolyte with double-crosslinked network and further improve the performance of ZICs. FTIR spectra structurally confirmed these hydrogels, and their water-absorbing ability and stretchability were tested. Zn//AC supercapacitors based on both single PAM and Zn-Alginate/PAM hydrogel electrolyte showed stable cycling life of over 5000 cycles for electrochemical performances. More importantly, hydrogels also endowed ZICs with high flexibility while maintaining good performance. The assembled flexible soft-packaged Zn//AC supercapacitor based on Zn-Alginate/PAM hydrogel electrolyte exhibited a high specific capacity of 194 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and stable cycling performance with 77.0 % capacity retention after 1900 cycles at 1.0 A g-1. Moreover, good flexibility is demonstrated as only 5 % capacity loss under different bending angles and long resting stability of low self-discharge rate of 9.45 mV h-1. In Chapter 3, hydrogel electrolytes were further applied in ZIBs to demonstrate the capability to inhibit metal dissolution and improve cycling performance. Rather than using Zn as the anode, molybdenum oxide with hexagonal structure (h-MoO3) was synthesized, characterized, and applied as zinc-free anode materials for ZIBs. As a result, the involved battery in aqueous 3 M ZnSO4 electrolytes shows high capacities of 128 mAh g-1 and 107 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 in Zn//h-MoO3 half-cell test and h-MoO3//ZnMn2O4/Carbon (ZMC) full cell test, respectively. However, its cyclability was poor, in which after 150 cycles zero capacity is maintained for Zn//h-MoO3 half-cell and only 43 cycles for h-MoO3//ZMC full cell. By contrast, using Zn-Alginate/PAM hydrogel electrolyte containing 3 M ZnSO4 primarily enhanced cycling performances of both Zn//h-MoO3 half-cell (63.6 % after 220 cycles) and h-MoO3//ZMC full cell (91.2 % after 200 cycles) were achieved. At the same time, high capacities of 129 mAh g-1 and 102 mAh g-1 were maintained in both half-cell and full-cell, further confirming the advantage of hydrogel electrolytes for elongating cycle life in rocking-chair type ZIBs. Chapter 4 briefly summarizes recent research progress and experimental results in previous chapters, as well as the challenges and future perspectives toward hydrogel electrolytes.

Author: Perla B. Balbuena
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1860943624
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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Book Description
This invaluable book focuses on the mechanisms of formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the electrode surfaces of lithium-ion batteries. The SEI film is due to electromechanical reduction of species present in the electrolyte. It is widely recognized that the presence of the film plays an essential role in the battery performance, and its very nature can determine an extended (or shorter) life for the battery. In spite of the numerous related research efforts, details on the stability of the SEI composition and its influence on the battery capacity are still controversial. This book carefully analyzes and discusses the most recent findings and advances on this topic.

Author: Yuliang Li
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527347879
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Book Description
Graphdiyne Discover the most cutting-edge developments in the study of graphdiyne from a pioneer of the field In Graphdiyne: Fundamentals and Applications in Renewable Energy and Electronics, accomplished chemist Dr. Yuliang Li delivers a practical and insightful compilation of theoretical and experimental developments in the study of graphdiyne. Of interest to both academics and industrial researchers in the fields of nanoscience, organic chemistry, carbon science, and renewable energies, the book systematically summarizes recent research into the exciting new material. Discover information about the properties of graphdiyne through theoretical simulations and experimental characterizations, as well as the development of graphdiyne with appropriate preparation technology. Learn to create new graphdiyne-based materials and better understand its intrinsic properties. Find out about synthetic methodologies, the controlled growth of aggregated state structures, and structural characterization. In addition to demonstrating the interdisciplinary potential and relevance of graphdiyne, the book also offers readers: A thorough introduction to basic structure and band gap engineering, including molecular and electronic structure, mechanical properties, and the layers structure of bulk graphdiyne Explorations of Graphdiyne synthesis and characterization, including films, nanotube arrays and nanowires, nanowalls, and nanosheets, as well as characterization methods Discussions of the functionalization of graphdiyne, including heteroatom doping, metal decoration, and absorption of guest molecules Rigorous treatments of Graphdiyne-based materials in catalytic applications, including photo- and electrocatalysts Perfect for organic chemists, electronics engineers, materials scientists, and physicists, Graphdiyne: Fundamentals and Applications in Renewable Energy and Electronics will also find its place on the bookshelves of surface and solid-state chemists, electrochemists, and catalytic chemists seeking a one-stop reference on this rising-star carbon material.

Author: Zongping Shao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527350462
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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Book Description
Zinc–Air Batteries Authoritative and comprehensive resource covering foundational knowledge of zinc–air batteries as well as their practical applications Zinc–Air Batteries provides a comprehensive understanding of the history and development of Zn–air batteries, with a systematic overview of components, design, and device innovation, along with recent advances in the field, especially with regards to the cathode catalyst design made by cutting-edge materials, engineering processes, and technologies. In particular, design principles regarding the key components of Zn–air batteries, ranging from air cathode, to zinc anode, and to electrolyte, are emphasized. Furthermore, industrial developments of Zn–air batteries are discussed and emerging new designs of Zn–air batteries are also introduced. The authors argue that designing advanced Zn–air battery technologies is important to the realization of efficient energy storage and conversion—and, going further, eventually holds the key to a sustainable energy future and a carbon-neutral goal. Edited and contributed to by leading professionals and researchers in the field, Zinc–Air Batteries also contains information regarding: Design of oxygen reduction catalysts in primary zinc–air batteries, including precious metals, single-atoms, carbons, and transition metal oxides Design of bifunctional oxygen catalysts in rechargeable zinc–air batteries, covering specific oxygen redox reactions and catalyst candidates Design of three-dimensional air cathode in zinc–air batteries, covering loading of carbon-based and transition metal catalysts, plus design of the three-phase interface Design of electrolyte for zinc–air batteries, including liquid electrolytes (e.g., alkaline) and gel polymer electrolytes (e.g., PVA hydrogel) For students, researchers, and instructors working in battery technologies, materials science, and electrochemistry, and for industry and government representatives for decision making associated with energy and transportation, Zinc–Air Batteries summarizes the research results on Zn–air batteries and thereby helps researchers and developers to implement the technology in practice.

Author: Mei Han
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Battery offers a viable solution for storing intermittent energy supplies associated with renewable energy production. Although lithium-ion batteries take up the most battery market, they are still limited by lithium metal resources, high cost and safety concerns. With this regard, aqueous batteries with mildly acidic electrolytes hold a promise for large-scale energy storage. In particular, zinc, as an attractive alternative to lithium metal, has been employed in aqueous rechargeable batteries due to its low-cost, high safety and environmental friendliness. Layered vanadium oxide (V2O5) as cathode material has gained enhanced interests in the studies of rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (RAZBs) due to its relatively high capacity. However, commercial V2O5 shows poor stability during cycling since the zinc ion intercalation causes degradation of the cathode and battery components. Therefore, in this project, two strategies involve surface coating and metal-ion doping are utilized to improve the electrochemical performance of vanadium-based electrodes in RAZBs. First, we introduce a coating method to fabricate polymer-modified cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, which display improved electrochemical performances under both ambient and elevated temperature conditions. A polypyrrole-coated cathode is demonstrated, and the assembled battery deliveries a high capacity of 195.7 mAh·g-1 at the current rate of 5 C (200 mAh·g-1 corresponds 1 C), with only 9.5% capacity decay at room temperature after 200 cycles. At an elevated temperature (60°C), the polymer-coated battery still shows outstanding capacity retention, of 80% vs. 25% for bare V2O5 cathode after 150 cycles. Therefore, coating conductive polymers on the surface of cathode materials stabilizes the structure of the positive electrode at high temperatures and offer a viable approach to realize the thermal stability of such batteries. Second, two kinds of metal ions (Zn2+ and Na+) are doped simultaneously into the V2O5 interlayer by a molar ratio of Zn:Na = 0.3:0.43 to form a metal-ion doped cathode material Zn0.3Na0.43V2O5 (ZNVO). To enlarge the specific surface area, the commercial V2O5 is optimized into nanobelts by a hydrothermal method. The doped positive electrode in 2M ZnSO4 electrolytic solution reaches over 300 mAh·g-1 initial discharge capacity at 5 C, which is much higher than that of undoped electrode material (V2O5 nanobelts). Besides, in order to prevent the extraction of Na ions from the positive electrode, additional 2M sodium salt is added to the 2M ZnSO4 aqueous solution to prepare a dual-ion electrolyte. This dual-ion system (containing dual ion-doped positive electrode and dual ion electrolyte) offers a long-term cycle life, ~ 89% capacity retention after 4000 cycles, and a relatively high discharge capacity of 190 mAh·g-1 at 5 C during fast charge/discharge process. More importantly, this dual-ion electrolyte effectively suppresses zinc dendrite formation on the anode surface because of the electrostatic shield mechanism, where creating a positively charged shield around the sharp zinc protuberances. Thus, this dual-ion system provides the excellent electrochemical performance of Zn // ZNVO batteries and holds a promise for realizing practical applications of zinc-ion batteries.

Author: Gobinath Pillai Rajarathnam
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9812876464
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 113

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Book Description
This book presents a detailed technical overview of short- and long-term materials and design challenges to zinc/bromine flow battery advancement, the need for energy storage in the electrical grid and how these may be met with the Zn/Br system. Practical interdisciplinary pathways forward are identified via cross-comparison and comprehensive review of significant findings from more than 300 published works, with clear in-depth explanations spanning initial RFB development to state-of-the-art research in related systems. Promising strategies described include the use of modern electrochemical techniques to study and optimize physical processes occurring within the system during operation, improving zinc electroplating quality during the charge phase through the strategic use of organic additives, as well as identifying suitable catalysts to optimize the bromine/bromide redox couple. The primary focus is on research and development of novel materials in the areas of electrolyte formulation and multifunctional “smart” electrode surfaces to achieve a higher degree of control over processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The strategies suggested in this book are also highly adaptable for use in other similar flow battery systems, while the unique cross-comparative approach makes it a useful reference and source of new ideas for both new and established researchers in the field of energy storage and battery technology.