Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Methods and Criteria of Reasoning PDF full book. Access full book title Methods and Criteria of Reasoning by Rupert Crawshay-Williams. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Rupert Crawshay-Williams Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317830563 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
First published in 2000. This is Volume V of eight in the Library of Philosophy series on the Philosophy of Mind and Language. Written in 1957, this book enquires how we use language as an instrument of reason, and whether our present use of it is efficient. The use of language for communication is treated as subsidiary.
Author: Rupert Crawshay-Williams Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317830563 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
First published in 2000. This is Volume V of eight in the Library of Philosophy series on the Philosophy of Mind and Language. Written in 1957, this book enquires how we use language as an instrument of reason, and whether our present use of it is efficient. The use of language for communication is treated as subsidiary.
Author: Robert C. Stalnaker Publisher: ISBN: 0198810342 Category : Languages : en Pages : 263
Book Description
Robert C. Stalnaker presents a set of essays on the structure of inquiry. In the first part he focuses on the concepts of knowledge, belief, and partial belief, and on the rules and procedures we use - or ought to use - to determine what to believe, and what to claim that we know. In thesecond part he examines conditional statements and conditional beliefs, their role in epistemology, and their relations to causal and explanatory concepts, such as dispositions, objective chance, relations of dependence, and independence. A central concern of the book is the interaction of differentcognitive perspectives - the ways in which the attitudes of rational agents are or should be influenced by critical reflection on their present cognitive situation, on their own cognitive situations at other times, and on the cognitive situations of others with whom they interact.The general picture that is developed is naturalistic, following Hume in rejecting a substantive role for pure reason in the defense of inductive rules, and in giving causal concepts a central role in the description and explanation of our cognitive practices. However, Stalnaker rejects the side ofHume that aims to reduce concepts involving natural necessity to more basic descriptive concepts. Instead, he argues that the development of inductive rules and practices takes place in interaction with the development of concepts for giving a theoretical description of the world.
Author: Bertrand Russell Publisher: Spokesman Books ISBN: 9780851247373 Category : Knowledge, Theory of Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In this book the author is concerned with the foundations of knowledge. He approaches his subject through a discussion of language and a look into how knowledge of the structure of language helps our understanding of the structure of the world.
Author: Robert C. Stalnaker Publisher: Bradford Books ISBN: 9780262691130 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 187
Book Description
The abstract structure of inquiry - the process of acquiring and changing beliefs about the world - is the focus of this book which takes the position that the "pragmatic" rather than the "linguistic" approach better solves the philosophical problems about the nature of mental representation, and better accounts for the phenomena of thought and speech. It discusses propositions and propositional attitudes (the cluster of activities that constitute inquiry) in general and takes up the way beliefs change in response to potential new information, suggesting that conditional propositions should be understood as projections of epistemic policies onto the world.Robert C. Stalnaker is a professor in the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University. A Bradford Book.
Author: Lisa A. Baglione Publisher: CQ Press ISBN: 1506367437 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
Even students capable of writing excellent essays still find their first major political science research paper an intimidating experience. Crafting the right research question, finding good sources, properly summarizing them, operationalizing concepts and designing good tests for their hypotheses, presenting and analyzing quantitative as well as qualitative data are all tough-going without a great deal of guidance and encouragement. Writing a Research Paper in Political Science breaks down the research paper into its constituent parts and shows students what they need to do at each stage to successfully complete each component until the paper is finished. Practical summaries, recipes for success, worksheets, exercises, and a series of handy checklists make this a must-have supplement for any writing-intensive political science course.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309064767 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 223
Book Description
Humans, especially children, are naturally curious. Yet, people often balk at the thought of learning scienceâ€"the "eyes glazed over" syndrome. Teachers may find teaching science a major challenge in an era when science ranges from the hardly imaginable quark to the distant, blazing quasar. Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards is the book that educators have been waiting forâ€"a practical guide to teaching inquiry and teaching through inquiry, as recommended by the National Science Education Standards. This will be an important resource for educators who must help school boards, parents, and teachers understand "why we can't teach the way we used to." "Inquiry" refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and in which students grasp science knowledge and the methods by which that knowledge is produced. This book explains and illustrates how inquiry helps students learn science content, master how to do science, and understand the nature of science. This book explores the dimensions of teaching and learning science as inquiry for K-12 students across a range of science topics. Detailed examples help clarify when teachers should use the inquiry-based approach and how much structure, guidance, and coaching they should provide. The book dispels myths that may have discouraged educators from the inquiry-based approach and illuminates the subtle interplay between concepts, processes, and science as it is experienced in the classroom. Inquiry and the National Science Education Standards shows how to bring the standards to life, with features such as classroom vignettes exploring different kinds of inquiries for elementary, middle, and high school and Frequently Asked Questions for teachers, responding to common concerns such as obtaining teaching supplies. Turning to assessment, the committee discusses why assessment is important, looks at existing schemes and formats, and addresses how to involve students in assessing their own learning achievements. In addition, this book discusses administrative assistance, communication with parents, appropriate teacher evaluation, and other avenues to promoting and supporting this new teaching paradigm.
Author: Paul S. Penner Publisher: Rodopi ISBN: 9789051838923 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
This book is an inquiry into the motivation for altruistic behavior. It uncovers the condition that prompts or sometimes even compels us to act intentionally for the benefit of others. This condition, the pre-reflective experience of another person as a self-conscious individual just like oneself, finds its origin in the very structure of the mind. The essay is a synthesis of evidence from neuroscience, phenomenology, Eastern philosophy, analytic philosophy of mind, and cognitive psychology. Hence, it is an excellent example of work in applied cognitive science. The book includes a critique of the several main approaches to the explanation of the motivation for altruistic behavior: biological, psychological, and philosophical. The path of the main inquiry produces several innovative proposals in the philosophy of mind in addition to the main conclusion. Included in these are a detailed account of the structure of the human mind, an ontological categorization of mental states, a naturalistic explanation of so-called mystical states, a proposal for the role of consciousness in the downward causation of physical events, a new interpretation of the Buddhist doctrine of no-self and a unique view of the nature of love.
Author: Giovanni Sartori Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 9780814780022 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
A major political scientist provides a pathbreaking comparative study into state-building The second edition of this pathbreaking, highly innovative comparative study in state-building by a major political scientist is a fully updated examination of the problems of making democratic government work. Sartori begins by assessing electoral systems. He attacks the conventional wisdom that their influence cannot be predicted and also disputes the view that proportional representation is always best and will deliver 'consensus democracy'. He argues that the double-ballot formulas deserve more consideration for their ability to facilitate governability in adverse circumstances. His comparative assessment of presidential and semi-presidential systems and the variety of formulas that are categorized, sometimes misleadingly, as parliamentary, looks at the conditions that allow a political form to perform as intended. He concludes with a detailed proposal for a new type of government: alternating presidentialism. This meets the need for strong parliamentary control and efficient government, with safeguards against both parliamentary obstructionism and government by decree, and so could help to avoid political paralysis in Latin America, in the post-communist countries of Europe and in countries with dysfunctional parliamentary systems such as Italy and Israel.
Author: Rupert Crawshay-Williams
Author: Rupert Crawshay-Williams
Author: Robert C. Stalnaker
Author: Bertrand Russell
Author: Robert C. Stalnaker
Author: Lisa A. Baglione
Author: John Taylor
Author: Charles Collignon (médecin)
Author: National Research Council
Author: Paul S. Penner
Author: Giovanni Sartori