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Author: Minyoung Yun Publisher: ISBN: 9781303860232 Category : Biomass gasification Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
Steam hydro-gasification (SH) of biomass holds great potential to produce transportable and storable fuels to replace fossil fuel. There is a critical task which needs to be addressed in order to scale up the process. SH is an endothermic reaction which requires external heat to operate. The use of two highly coupled reactors: one for SH and the other for combustion of solid feedstock may provide sufficient and efficient heat management and produce an outlet product with high carbon conversion. A dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasifier has been selected for this purpose. A cold mode DFB was built with acrylic plastic to simulate the gasifier in order to develop insight for the optimization of the reactor for SH. This is the main objective of my thesis. Hydrodynamics tests were carried out to better understand the solid flow behavior in the cold mode DFB. The mixing test found that the gases from two reactors within the cold DFB mixed in the fast bed. The mixing level decreased with increase in the gas velocity in the fast bed and the BFB. Also the degree of gas mixing decreased with the increase in solid inventory. The hydrodynamics test found that increase in the gas velocity in the fast bed and the BFB leads to increase in the solid holdup in the fast bed. This same trend was observed with the three sizes of sand. Design modifications are made to improve the design of DFB for SH based on the cold model studies. Heat and mass balance of SH in the DFB was calculated using the Aspen plus simulation tool. Combustion of 13.8% of char from SH produces the required heat for SH with the net heat duty of -0.4kw, when 1 dry ton/ day of pine wood is fed into SHR. The results of these studies are presented in the thesis and will contribute to the development of the dual fluidized bed reactor optimized for SH with a potential for commercialization of the process.
Author: Minyoung Yun Publisher: ISBN: 9781303860232 Category : Biomass gasification Languages : en Pages : 67
Book Description
Steam hydro-gasification (SH) of biomass holds great potential to produce transportable and storable fuels to replace fossil fuel. There is a critical task which needs to be addressed in order to scale up the process. SH is an endothermic reaction which requires external heat to operate. The use of two highly coupled reactors: one for SH and the other for combustion of solid feedstock may provide sufficient and efficient heat management and produce an outlet product with high carbon conversion. A dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasifier has been selected for this purpose. A cold mode DFB was built with acrylic plastic to simulate the gasifier in order to develop insight for the optimization of the reactor for SH. This is the main objective of my thesis. Hydrodynamics tests were carried out to better understand the solid flow behavior in the cold mode DFB. The mixing test found that the gases from two reactors within the cold DFB mixed in the fast bed. The mixing level decreased with increase in the gas velocity in the fast bed and the BFB. Also the degree of gas mixing decreased with the increase in solid inventory. The hydrodynamics test found that increase in the gas velocity in the fast bed and the BFB leads to increase in the solid holdup in the fast bed. This same trend was observed with the three sizes of sand. Design modifications are made to improve the design of DFB for SH based on the cold model studies. Heat and mass balance of SH in the DFB was calculated using the Aspen plus simulation tool. Combustion of 13.8% of char from SH produces the required heat for SH with the net heat duty of -0.4kw, when 1 dry ton/ day of pine wood is fed into SHR. The results of these studies are presented in the thesis and will contribute to the development of the dual fluidized bed reactor optimized for SH with a potential for commercialization of the process.
Author: John G. Yates Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319395939 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 214
Book Description
The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.
Author: A.V. Bridgwater Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400915594 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1630
Book Description
There have been many developments in the science and technology of thermo chemical biomass conversion since the previous conference on Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion in Interlaken, Switzerland, in 1992. This fourth conference again covers all aspects of thermal biomass conversion systems from fundamental research through applied research and development to demon stration and commercial applications to reflect the progress made in the last four years. All aspects of bioenergy systems are covered from pretreatment through to end-user applications with increased consideration paid to the environmental benefits and problems of implementing bio-energy systems. There was an excellent response with over 200 papers offered and over 180 delegates from 29 countries attending the conference. The programme was divided into five main areas covering pyrolysis, pretreatment, gasification, combustion and system studies and this division is reflected in the structure of these conference proceedings. Each main section was preceded by a state-of-the-art review to provide a focus for the ensuing presentations and an authoritative reference. All the papers included have been subject to a full peer review process. As with any international conference, an important aim was to exchange ideas and discuss problems with fellow researchers, as well as to hear about the latest research and development and applications. A workshop programme was included to encourage this interaction in areas of interest selected by participants. The resul tant workshop reports provide a summary of topical problems and opportunities.
Author: Dimitri Gidaspow Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080512267 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
Useful as a reference for engineers in industry and as an advanced level text for graduate engineering students, Multiphase Flow and Fluidization takes the reader beyond the theoretical to demonstrate how multiphase flow equations can be used to provide applied, practical, predictive solutions to industrial fluidization problems. Written to help advance progress in the emerging science of multiphase flow, this book begins with the development of the conservation laws and moves on through kinetic theory, clarifying many physical concepts (such as particulate viscosity and solids pressure) and introducing the new dependent variable--the volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Exercises at the end of each chapterare provided for further study and lead into applications not covered in the text itself. - Treats fluidization as a branch of transport phenomena - Demonstrates how to do transient, multidimensional simulation of multiphase processes - The first book to apply kinetic theory to flow of particulates - Is the only book to discuss numerical stability of multiphase equations and whether or not such equations are well-posed - Explains the origin of bubbles and the concept of critical granular flow - Presents clearly written exercises at the end of each chapter to facilitate understanding and further study
Author: J G Yates Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 1483162761 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
Fundamentals of Fluidized-bed Chemical Processes presents a survey of the design, operation, and chemical processes of fluidized-bed reactors. The book is composed of five chapters. The first chapter examines the basic physics of gas-solid fluidization. The second chapter shows how the physics of gas-solid fluidization may be combined with chemical kinetics to generate models of fluidized-bed reactors. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with two major applications of gas-solid fluidization, the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking process and the combustion and gasification of coal. The final chapter analyzes other processes used in the production of chemicals such as phthalic anhydride, acrylonitrile, and compounds of uranium. Undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemical engineering, engineers, chemists, and scientists will find this text useful.
Author: Fabrizio Scala Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857098802 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1091
Book Description
Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field.Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on particle characterization and behaviour, properties of stationary and circulating fluidized beds, heat and mass transfer and attrition in FB combustion and gasification systems. Part two expands on this introduction to explore the fundamentals of FB combustion and gasification including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, pollutant emission and reactor design and scale up. Part three highlights recent advances in a variety of FB combustion and gasification technologies before part four moves on to focus on emerging CO2 capture technologies. Finally, part five explores other applications of FB technology including (FB) petroleum refining and chemical production.Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems and researchers, scientists and academics in the field. - Examines the fundamentals of fluidized bed (FB) technologies, including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels - Explores recent advances in a variety of technologies such as pressurized FB combustion, and the measurement, monitoring and control of FB combustion and gasification - Discusses emerging technologies and examines applications of FB in other processes
Author: Youhao Xu Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030475832 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 421
Book Description
This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.
Author: John R. Grace Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527340645 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 626
Book Description
A concise and clear treatment of the fundamentals of fluidization, with a view to its applications in the process and energy industries.
Author: Minyoung Yun
Author: Minyoung Yun
Author: Thomas A. Milne
Author: John G. Yates
Author: A.V. Bridgwater
Author: Dimitri Gidaspow
Author: J G Yates
Author: Fabrizio Scala
Author: Gerald Foley
Author: Youhao Xu
Author: John R. Grace