Author: Christina Annunziata Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 288919955X Category : Medicine (General) Languages : en Pages : 99
Book Description
Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) proteins are critical mediators of DNA repair. Many traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy agents overwhelm a cell’s ability to repair DNA damage in order to kill proliferating malignant cells. Recent evidence suggests that cancers within and across tissue types have specific defects in DNA repair pathways, and that these defects may predispose for sensitivity and resistance to various classes of cytotoxic agents. Breast, ovarian and other cancers develop in the setting of inherited DNA repair deficiency, and these cancers may be more sensitive to cytotoxic agents that induce DNA strand breaks, as well as to inhibitors of PARP activity. A series of recent clinical trials has tested whether PARP inhibitors can achieve synthetic lethality in hereditary DNA repair-deficient tumors. At the current time, mutation of BRCA serves as a potential, but not comprehensive, biomarker to predict response to PARP inhibitor therapy. Mechanisms of resistance to PARP inhibitors are only recently being uncovered. Future studies seek to identify sporadic cancers that harbor genomic instability rendering susceptibility to PARP inhibitors that compound lethal DNA damage.
Author: David A. Frank Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402073402 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
One of the most exciting areas of cancer research now is the development of agents which can target signal transduction pathways that are activated inappropriately in malignant cells. The understanding of the molecular abnormalities which distinguish malignant cells from their normal counterparts has grown tremendously. This volume summarizes the current research on the role that signal transduction pathways play in the pathogenesis of cancer and how this knowledge may be used to develop the next generation of more effective and less toxic anticancer agents. Series Editor comments: "The biologic behavior of both normal and cancer cells is determined by critical signal transduction pathways. This text provides a comprehensive review of the field. Leading investigators discuss key molecules that may prove to be important diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets."
Author: Mark R. Kelley Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128035994 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
DNA Repair and Cancer Therapy: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications, Second Edition provides a comprehensive and timely reference that focuses on the translational and clinical use of DNA repair as a target area for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and the enhancement of cancer treatment. Experts on DNA repair proteins from all areas of cancer biology research take readers from bench research to new therapeutic approaches. This book provides a detailed discussion of combination therapies, in other words, how the inhibition of repair pathways can be coupled with chemotherapy, radiation, or DNA damaging drugs. Newer areas in this edition include the role of DNA repair in chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, radiation DNA damage, Fanconi anemia cross-link repair, translesion DNA polymerases, BRCA1-BRCA2 pathway for HR and synthetic lethality, and mechanisms of resistance to clinical PARP inhibitors. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the basic and translational research in DNA repair as a cancer therapeutic target - Includes timely updates from the earlier edition, including Fanconi Anemia cross-link repair, translesion DNA polymerases, chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy, and many other new areas within DNA repair and cancer therapy - Saves academic, medical, and pharma researchers time by allowing them to quickly access the very latest details on DNA repair and cancer therapy - Assists researchers and research clinicians in understanding the importance of the breakthroughs that are contributing to advances in disease-specific research
Author: G.J.L. Kaspers Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9780306460555 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 664
Book Description
Cellular drug resistance is a major limitation to the success of chemotherapy of leu kemia and lymphoma. The importance of this has now been recognized by both clinicians and scientists. It is of utmost importance to bridge the gap between laboratory and clinic in this field of research. This is the main purpose of the series of International Symposia on Drug Resistance in Leukemia and Lymphoma. These are held every three years in Am sterdam, The Netherlands, since 1992. This book contains the proceedings of the third of these meetings, organised in 1998. The book covers all important aspects of drug resistance in leukemia and lymphoma, both in the form of extensive reviews as in manuscripts describing original data. General mechanisms of resistance are discussed, including the drug resistance related proteins p glycoprotein, MRP (multi-drug resistance protein) and LRP (lung resistance protein), and the role of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferases. Moreover, more drug type-specific mechanisms of resistance are a topic, such as for glucocorticoids and antifolates. Much in formation is provided on apoptosis and its regulators, and on the results of cell culture drug resistance assays. Several papers focus on the modulation or circumvention of drug resistance.
Author: Csaba Szabo Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420038893 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), also termed poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) is a nuclear enzyme with a wide range of functions, including regulation of DNA repair, cell differentiation, and gene expression. More than a decade after the identification of PARP-like enzymatic activities in mammalian cells, a novel role was proposed for this e
Author: Sara Hurvitz Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0323581234 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 265
Book Description
Get a quick, expert overview of clinically-focused topics and guidelines that are relevant to testing for HER2, which contributes to approximately 25% of breast cancers today. This concise resource by Drs. Sara Hurvitz, and Kelly McCann consolidates today's available information on this growing topic into one convenient resource, making it an ideal, easy-to-digest reference for practicing and trainee oncologists. - Covers the diagnosis, treatments and targeted therapies, and management of breast cancers that are HER2-positive. - Contains sections on background and testing, advanced disease, therapeutics, and toxicity considerations. - Includes a timely section on innovative future therapies.
Author: Seigo Nakamura Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811645213 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
This highly informative and clearly written book presents the basic science and the latest data on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) to provide an up-to-date and holistic overview of the disease. It starts off by presenting the molecular mechanisms, genetic testing and counseling, and variants of unknown significance (VUS) to help readers understand the contemporary interpretation of the disease. Further chapters focus on the surveillance, diagnosis and treatment, including chemoprevention, risk reduction and drug development based on molecular mechanisms. It also includes a chapter on the latest findings from the HBOC database, ethical issues and the parp inhibitors, and discusses innovative thinking to manage and understand the disease. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer - Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Practice offers breast surgeons, medical oncologists, gynecological oncologists and genetic counselors a comprehensive overview of the disease. Providing insights into recent scientific findings and further avenues for investigation, it is also a thought-provoking and informative read for researchers and scholars.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: ISBN: 9789283224068 Category : Cancer Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Presents data on cancer incidence gathered from five population-based cancer registries in different regions of Thailand and compares these data with data on cancer incidence from other parts of the world. Apart from offering a comprehensive overview of cancer incidence in Thailand, the book uncovers a number of geographical differences in incidence, suggesting important behavioral, environmental, or industrial risk factors that deserve further study. Survival data from two registries are also presented and discussed. The opening chapters provide background information about the country and its population, describe the sources of data maintained in the five registries, and discuss the methods of data coding and analysis used in the study. Against this background, results are presented separately for each of 15 cancers and for childhood cancer. For each cancer, the number of cases registered in 1992-1994 is shown by sex, with age-specific incidence rates and some summary rates. The study uncovered striking geographical variations in the incidence of specific cancers. For the country as a whole, the highest incidences were found for cancers of the liver, lung, colon and rectum, oral cavity, bladder, stomach, leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancers of the nasopharynx and oesophagus. For each cancer, data are set out in numerous tables, compared with findings from other countries and discussed in terms of possible risk factors. Primary cancer of the liver was identified as the leading cancer of males and the third most important cancer in females.
Author: John Pollard Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319758365 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
Over the past decade a complex role for DNA damage response (DDR) in tumorigenesis has emerged. A proficient DDR has been shown to be a primary cause for cellular resistance to the very many DNA damaging drugs, and IR, that are widely used as standard-of-care across multiple cancer types. It has also been shown that defects in this network, predominantly within the ATM mediated signaling pathway, are commonly observed in cancers and may be a primary event during tumorigenesis. Such defects may promote a genomically unstable environment, facilitating the persistence of mutations, any of which may provide a growth or survival advantage to the developing tumor. In addition, these somatic defects provide opportunities to exploit a reliance on remaining repair pathways for survival, a process which has been termed synthetic lethality. As a result of all these observations there has been a great interest in targeting the DDR to provide anti-cancer agents that may have benefit as monotherapy in cancers with high background DNA damage levels or as a means to increase the efficacy of DNA damaging drugs and IR. In this book we will review a series of important topics that are of great interest to a broad range of academic, industrial and clinical researchers, including the basic science of the DDR, its role in tumorigenesis and in dictating response to DNA damaging drugs and IR. Additionally, we will focus on the several proteins that have been targeted in attempts to provide drug candidates, each of which appear to have quite distinct profiles and could represent very different opportunities to provide patient benefit.
Author: Xuyao Zhang Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2832539726 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 537
Book Description
Cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has revolutionized the paradigm in cancer treatment. However, the clinical outcome of immunotherapy varies considerably among patients and only a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical benefits. This is largely attributed to the fact that existing cancer immunotherapies, which concentrate on several classical targets (CTAL-4, PD-1/PD-L1, etc.) and limited types of immune cell populations (T cells), are insufficient to cope with the complexity of highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). This calls for more efforts to not only expand our toolbox for manipulating anticancer immunity but also diversify our combinational strategies. To this end, it is urgent to deeper our understanding of cancer immunotherapy by using both experimental and computational methodologies from multi-scale perspectives: 1) novel targets from either tumor cells or non-tumor cells within TME (e.g., tumor intrinsic resistance drivers, new immune checkpoints, neoantigens), 2) in-depth characterization of more immune cell populations (e.g., macrophages, Tregs, B cells) and their interactions and dynamics within TME, 3) landscape of actionable targets in patient populations for combination design. These efforts will open the avenue of rational design of combinational immunotherapies, allowing researchers and clinicians to design novel targeting therapeutics or to optimally orchestrate combinatory strategies aiming to surmount resistance mechanisms and improve clinical outcomes.
Author: Christina Annunziata
Author: David A. Frank
Author: Mark R. Kelley
Author: G.J.L. Kaspers
Author: Csaba Szabo
Author: Sara Hurvitz
Author: Seigo Nakamura
Author: World Health Organization
Author: John Pollard
Author: Xuyao Zhang