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Author: Alfons Weber Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400939698 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 623
Book Description
The study of weakly bound molecular complexes has in recent years brought this field of investigation to the forefront of physical and chemical research. The scope of the subject is wide and different terminology and nomenclature is current among the various subspecialties. Thus, the term "metal cluster" often connotes to the organic chemist a metal-organic compound, while the physicist will more likely think of groups of metal atoms held together by weak interatomic forces. Aggregates, clusters, complexes, van der Waals molecules, hydrogen-bonded molecules, etc. are terms currently in use, sometimes interchangeably while other times with well defined and mutually exclusive meanings. The subjects of this volume are the free, isolated vim der Waals and hydrogen-bonded molecules. Owing to the present state of experimental knowledge these are mostly dimers, i. e. , entities formed by two strongly bound molecules, an atom and a molecule, or two atoms held together by the weak hydrogen-bonding, or the still weaker van der Waals forces. Weakly bound complexes formed of more than two strongly bound sub-units, i. e. , trimers, tetramers, etc. , are now coming within reachof experimental observation and several papers in this book deal with them. The study of van der Waals and hydrogen-bonded interactions has been pursued for several decades. Most of these ,investigations have, however, dealt with systems in the condensed phase in which bulk effects are commingled with and therefore mask the weak binary interactions.
Author: Alfons Weber Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400939698 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 623
Book Description
The study of weakly bound molecular complexes has in recent years brought this field of investigation to the forefront of physical and chemical research. The scope of the subject is wide and different terminology and nomenclature is current among the various subspecialties. Thus, the term "metal cluster" often connotes to the organic chemist a metal-organic compound, while the physicist will more likely think of groups of metal atoms held together by weak interatomic forces. Aggregates, clusters, complexes, van der Waals molecules, hydrogen-bonded molecules, etc. are terms currently in use, sometimes interchangeably while other times with well defined and mutually exclusive meanings. The subjects of this volume are the free, isolated vim der Waals and hydrogen-bonded molecules. Owing to the present state of experimental knowledge these are mostly dimers, i. e. , entities formed by two strongly bound molecules, an atom and a molecule, or two atoms held together by the weak hydrogen-bonding, or the still weaker van der Waals forces. Weakly bound complexes formed of more than two strongly bound sub-units, i. e. , trimers, tetramers, etc. , are now coming within reachof experimental observation and several papers in this book deal with them. The study of van der Waals and hydrogen-bonded interactions has been pursued for several decades. Most of these ,investigations have, however, dealt with systems in the condensed phase in which bulk effects are commingled with and therefore mask the weak binary interactions.
Author: Martina H. Havenith Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540454578 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
This book is intended to give an introduction to intermolecular forces from an experimental point of view. Within the last 10 years the interest has turned more and more into an understanding of the weak, but important, int- molecular forces. New experimental techniques have been developed which have helped to gain more insight into this interesting topic. This book is intended as an introduction for graduate students who are familiar with the main concepts of n~olecular spectroscopy. Special emphasis will be laid on the theoretical concepts. After a detailed description of experimental techniques, the results for two prototype systems which have been the subject of several studies in the literature within recent years will be presented. Ar-CO is becoming the most extensively studied van der Waals complex, theoretically and experimentally. Nevertheless, this example shows that even though the theory has greatly improved and has helped us to improve our knowledge of intermolecular forces, even for relatively simple cases the theory car1 still fall short of an accurate description. For a long time (NH3)2 was considered as a prototype for hydrogen bo- ing. However, subsequent experimental and theoretical studies have revealed the mysteries of the obtained spectra and proved that our previous concept of hydrogen bonds was just too naive.
Author: Elliot R. Bernstein Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128175877 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
The study of gases, clusters, liquids, and solids as units or systems, eventually focuses on the properties of these systems as governed by interactions between atoms, molecules, and radicals that are not covalently bonded to one another. The stereo/spatial properties of molecular species themselves are similarly controlled, with such interactions found throughout biological, polymeric, and cluster systems and are a central feature of chemical reactions. Nevertheless, these interactions are poorly described and characterized, with efforts to do so, usually based on a particular quantum or even classical mechanical procedure, obscuring the fundamental nature of the interactions in the process. Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions Between Noncovalently Bonded Species addresses this issue directly, defining the nature of the interactions and discussing how they should and should not be described. It reviews both theoretical developments and experimental procedures in order to explore interactions between nonbonded entities in such a fundamental manner as to elucidate their nature and origins. Drawing attention to the extensive experience of its editor and team of expert authors, Intra- and Intermolecular Interactions Between Noncovalently Bonded Species is an indispensable guide to the foundational knowledge, latest advances, most pressing challenges, and future directions for all those whose work is influenced by these interactions. - Comprehensively describes the nature of interactions between nonbonded species in biological systems, liquids, crystals, clusters, and in particular, water. - Combines fundamental, theoretical, background information based on various approximations with the knowledge of experimental techniques. - Outlines interactions clearly and consistently with a particular focus on frequency and time-resolved spectroscopies as applied to these interactions.
Author: G.C. Tabisz Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401101833 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 581
Book Description
Collision-or interaction-induced spectroscopy refers to radiative transitions, which are forbidden in free atoms or molecules, but which occur in clusters of interacting atoms or molecules. The most common phenomena are induced absorption, in the infrared region, and induced light scattering, which involves inelastic scattering of visible laser light. The particle interactions giving rise to the necessary induced dipole moments and polarizabilities are modelled at long range by multipole expansions; at short range, electron overlap and exchange mechanisms come into play. Information on atomic and molecular interactions and dynamics in dense media on a picosecond timescale may be drawn from the spectra. Collision-induced absorption in the infrared was discovered at the University of Toronto in 1949 by Crawford, Welsh and Locke who studied liquid O and N. Through the 1950s and 1960s, 2 2 experimental elucidation of the phenomenon, particularly in gases, continued and theoretical underpinnings were established. In the late 1960s, the related phenomenon of collision-induced light scattering was first observed in compressed inert gases. In 1978, an 'Enrico Fermi' Summer School was held at Varenna, Italy, under the directorship of J. Van Kranendonk. The lectures, there, reviewed activity from the previous two decades, during which the approach to the subject had not changed greatly. In 1983, a highly successful NATO Advanced Research Workshop was held at Bonas, France, under the directorship of G. Birnbaum. An important outcome of that meeting was the demonstration of the maturity and sophistication of current experimental and theoretical techniques.
Author: Wolfgang Demtröder Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540749543 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 797
Book Description
Keeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material. This new edition has been completely revised, especially the chapters on non linear spectroscopy, ion trapping, ultra short laser pulses and new developments. Fifty new figures illustrate the newest developments and results. The author is one of the most renowned experts in this area and no other book with this broad scope is available.
Author: Julius Jellinek Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540620006 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 444
Book Description
The book summarises contemporary knowledge about the theory of atomic and molecular clusters. New results are discussed on a high theoretical level. Access to this field of research is given by an explanation of the various subjects in introductory chapters.
Author: Alfons Weber
Author: Alfons Weber
Author: Martina H. Havenith
Author: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Author: Elliot R. Bernstein
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Author: 
Author: G.C. Tabisz
Author: Wolfgang Demtröder
Author: Julius Jellinek
Author: Rebecca J. Pardee