Author: David Leon Lalman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 182
Book Description
Previous research has firmly documented that body condition at calving has a major influence on reproductive success of beef cattle. One major contributing factor to reduced reproductive efficiency is extended postpartum interval to first estrus or luteal activity (PPI). Unfortunately, due to circumstances that may be beyond the control of the producer, cows and heifers often calve in thin body condition. Other research has led to the recommendation that thin cows be managed to gain body condition during early lactation. However, increasing nutrient intake also increases milk production as well as input costs. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of rate of body condition change to PPI in first calf heifers that received low nutrient intake during late gestation. Although heifers were treated the same during late gestation, body condition score at calving (CCS) continued to have a greater influence on PPI than did condition score change after calving (CSCH). Increasing body condition during early lactation resulted in reduced PPI, however, few heifers returned to cyclic activity before 90 d postpartum. Maximum reduction in PPI occurred with 1.5 units increase in body condition score (BCS) in 90 d. No additional benefit was gained by increasing more than 1.5 units BCS. In the second trial, the relationships of energy intake and energy balance to milk yield, milk composition and metabolic hormone concentration were investigated. Higher milk production at d 30 postpartum was associated with extended PPI and higher CCS was associated with lower milk production. Low energy intake and (or) body condition loss was associated with a rapid decline in milk production. Greater energy intake delayed peak milk production and resulted in an increase in energy required for milk production as well as an increase in milk protein composition. Greater gains in body condition score were associated with shorter PPI, greater serum concentration of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and lower serum concentration of growth hormone. Increasing body condition score during early lactation can reduce PPI, but evidence supports that inherent metabolic efficiency is more important in determining PPI.
Influence of Early Lactation Energy Balance on Postpartum Interval, Milk Production, and Metabolic Hormone Concentration in Thin Primiparous Beef Heifers
Author: David Leon Lalman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 182
Book Description
Previous research has firmly documented that body condition at calving has a major influence on reproductive success of beef cattle. One major contributing factor to reduced reproductive efficiency is extended postpartum interval to first estrus or luteal activity (PPI). Unfortunately, due to circumstances that may be beyond the control of the producer, cows and heifers often calve in thin body condition. Other research has led to the recommendation that thin cows be managed to gain body condition during early lactation. However, increasing nutrient intake also increases milk production as well as input costs. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of rate of body condition change to PPI in first calf heifers that received low nutrient intake during late gestation. Although heifers were treated the same during late gestation, body condition score at calving (CCS) continued to have a greater influence on PPI than did condition score change after calving (CSCH). Increasing body condition during early lactation resulted in reduced PPI, however, few heifers returned to cyclic activity before 90 d postpartum. Maximum reduction in PPI occurred with 1.5 units increase in body condition score (BCS) in 90 d. No additional benefit was gained by increasing more than 1.5 units BCS. In the second trial, the relationships of energy intake and energy balance to milk yield, milk composition and metabolic hormone concentration were investigated. Higher milk production at d 30 postpartum was associated with extended PPI and higher CCS was associated with lower milk production. Low energy intake and (or) body condition loss was associated with a rapid decline in milk production. Greater energy intake delayed peak milk production and resulted in an increase in energy required for milk production as well as an increase in milk protein composition. Greater gains in body condition score were associated with shorter PPI, greater serum concentration of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and lower serum concentration of growth hormone. Increasing body condition score during early lactation can reduce PPI, but evidence supports that inherent metabolic efficiency is more important in determining PPI.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beef cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 182
Book Description
Previous research has firmly documented that body condition at calving has a major influence on reproductive success of beef cattle. One major contributing factor to reduced reproductive efficiency is extended postpartum interval to first estrus or luteal activity (PPI). Unfortunately, due to circumstances that may be beyond the control of the producer, cows and heifers often calve in thin body condition. Other research has led to the recommendation that thin cows be managed to gain body condition during early lactation. However, increasing nutrient intake also increases milk production as well as input costs. Two consecutive experiments were conducted to determine the relationship of rate of body condition change to PPI in first calf heifers that received low nutrient intake during late gestation. Although heifers were treated the same during late gestation, body condition score at calving (CCS) continued to have a greater influence on PPI than did condition score change after calving (CSCH). Increasing body condition during early lactation resulted in reduced PPI, however, few heifers returned to cyclic activity before 90 d postpartum. Maximum reduction in PPI occurred with 1.5 units increase in body condition score (BCS) in 90 d. No additional benefit was gained by increasing more than 1.5 units BCS. In the second trial, the relationships of energy intake and energy balance to milk yield, milk composition and metabolic hormone concentration were investigated. Higher milk production at d 30 postpartum was associated with extended PPI and higher CCS was associated with lower milk production. Low energy intake and (or) body condition loss was associated with a rapid decline in milk production. Greater energy intake delayed peak milk production and resulted in an increase in energy required for milk production as well as an increase in milk protein composition. Greater gains in body condition score were associated with shorter PPI, greater serum concentration of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and lower serum concentration of growth hormone. Increasing body condition score during early lactation can reduce PPI, but evidence supports that inherent metabolic efficiency is more important in determining PPI.
Energy Balance, LH Secretion and Interval to First Ovulation in Early Postpartum Dairy Cattle
Influence of Blood Metabolites and Metabolic Hormones on Milk Production and Reproduction in the Primiparous Sow
Influence of Negative Energy Balance and Body Condition on Luteal Function and Estrous Behavior in Dairy Cattle
Author: Alejandro Villa-Godoy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
Effect of Prepartum Dietary Energy Density and Protein Content on Peripartum Body Fat Mobilization, Milk Yield, Health Performance and Protein Turnover in Holstein Cows
Author: Galal Moustafa Yousif
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 214
Book Description
Dissertation Abstracts International
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 876
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 876
Book Description
Transition Cow Metabolism In Relation To Plane Of Energy Prepartum
Author: Sabine Mann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Transition dairy cows face unique metabolic challenges with increased use of energetic substrates from mobilization of body tissue as a hallmark of this adaptation. This change is characterized by a dramatic drop in the circulating insulin concentrations with the onset of milk production and is accompanied by a significant reduction in circulating insulin concentration which may be exacerbated by insulin resistance on the receptor and post-receptor level. Feeding strategies for dry cows have continuously evolved over the last decades and increasing evidence suggests that overfeeding of energy has detrimental effects on the ability of the dairy cow to successfully accomplish this transition, reflected in increased concentration of markers of negative energy balance postpartum. However, it is unclear if dry period plane of energy has direct effects on systemic or local insulin sensitivity in the peripartum period that hamper the metabolic adaptation of the transition cow. The objectives therefore were to 1) evaluate the effect of three different dry period feeding strategies on markers of energy balance and colostrum and milk production 2) evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies on systemic glucose tolerance and insulin response 3) evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies on adipose and muscle tissue accretion and loss as well as tissue-specific insulin signaling. Cows overfed energy during the prepartum period were at higher risk of hyperketonemia and had elevated concentrations of serum nonesterified fatty acids postpartum, whereas milk production remained unchanged. Colostral IgG concentration was highest in cows fed a controlled energy diet prepartum. Whole body glucose tolerance was unaffected by plane of energy prepartum whereas resting concentrations of insulin and glucose remained more stable during the transition period in cows fed a controlled energy diet. Insulin signaling in muscle and adipose tissue was not affected by dry period feeding and overfeeding did not lead to overt inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. Overall, feeding a controlled energy diet prepartum was associated with favorable metabolic parameters in the absence of changes in early lactation milk production. Changes in glucose tolerance or insulin signaling in peripheral tissues did not provide an explanation for the underlying metabolic mechanisms.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 360
Book Description
Transition dairy cows face unique metabolic challenges with increased use of energetic substrates from mobilization of body tissue as a hallmark of this adaptation. This change is characterized by a dramatic drop in the circulating insulin concentrations with the onset of milk production and is accompanied by a significant reduction in circulating insulin concentration which may be exacerbated by insulin resistance on the receptor and post-receptor level. Feeding strategies for dry cows have continuously evolved over the last decades and increasing evidence suggests that overfeeding of energy has detrimental effects on the ability of the dairy cow to successfully accomplish this transition, reflected in increased concentration of markers of negative energy balance postpartum. However, it is unclear if dry period plane of energy has direct effects on systemic or local insulin sensitivity in the peripartum period that hamper the metabolic adaptation of the transition cow. The objectives therefore were to 1) evaluate the effect of three different dry period feeding strategies on markers of energy balance and colostrum and milk production 2) evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies on systemic glucose tolerance and insulin response 3) evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies on adipose and muscle tissue accretion and loss as well as tissue-specific insulin signaling. Cows overfed energy during the prepartum period were at higher risk of hyperketonemia and had elevated concentrations of serum nonesterified fatty acids postpartum, whereas milk production remained unchanged. Colostral IgG concentration was highest in cows fed a controlled energy diet prepartum. Whole body glucose tolerance was unaffected by plane of energy prepartum whereas resting concentrations of insulin and glucose remained more stable during the transition period in cows fed a controlled energy diet. Insulin signaling in muscle and adipose tissue was not affected by dry period feeding and overfeeding did not lead to overt inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. Overall, feeding a controlled energy diet prepartum was associated with favorable metabolic parameters in the absence of changes in early lactation milk production. Changes in glucose tolerance or insulin signaling in peripheral tissues did not provide an explanation for the underlying metabolic mechanisms.
Influence of Total Feed and Protein Intake on Reproductive Performance in the Beef Female Through Second Calving
Author: J. N. Wiltbank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 48
Book Description
American Doctoral Dissertations
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 872
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 872
Book Description
Effects of Undegradable Protein Fed Prepartum on Subsequent Lactation, Reproduction, and Health in Holstein Dairy Cattle
Author: Robert John Van Saun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 892
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 892
Book Description