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Author: Jan-Olaf Meynecke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: The primary data sources for this study were (1) 17 years of commercial fish catch data from over 30 selected estuarine fish species or species groups; and (2) estuarine habitat maps for Queensland, Australia. Queensland appears to be the best study region as it had the largest extent of soft sediment estuarine habitats, comprising seagrass, salt marsh and mangroves, and offers long-term commercial fish catch data compared to other states in Australia. As a first step, the relationship between catch (both as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and total catch) for commercially caught species in their dominant fisheries (trawl, line, net or pot fisheries) and estuarine geomorphic spatial metrics were extracted from digital habitat maps in geographic information systems (GIS). For preliminary analyses, I examined 13 geographical regions in Queensland based on their importance to commercial fisheries. Spatial metric characteristics such as Euclidean distance, patch density and landscape connectivity for 273 estuaries along the Queensland coast were then calculated within 90 fish catch grids, which provided inshore fish catch data from 21 species groups. The collective spatial characteristics of estuarine habitats such as size and structural connectivity showed significant correlation with fish catch, with r2 values> 0.7 for 17 commercial species groups. More detailed multiple regression analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plots showed significant links between geomorphic coastal features such as structural connectivity and nearshore fisheries production. The relationship was best explained by connectivity indices for mangroves, salt marsh and channels, further suggesting the fundamental importance of connected tidal wetlands to the fish catch. Climate-driven dependencies of fish catch were explored by using CPUE, rainfall, coastal air temperature and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and catch time-series for specific combinations of climate, seasons and regions. Surplus production models where applied to the commercial fish catch data using the program CLIMPROD. In addition to habitat configuration, climate, particularly rainfall, played a major role in the species composition of the fish catch. Up to 30 % of Queensland's total fish catch and up to 80 % of the barramundi catch variation for specific regions were explained by rainfall, often with a time-lag response to rainfall events. Temperature had similar influences on fish and prawn catches, with high temperatures having a negative effect on the prawn catch in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The importance of estuary-scale habitat connectivity to fish populations was assessed by studying fish movement in relation to the extent of flooding for several commercially and recreationally important species in and out of a small mangrove creek using a stationary passive integrated transponder (PIT) system, augmented by underwater digital video recorders (DVRs) for visual sensing. A high-resolution digital elevation model derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and aerial imagery was used to estimate inundation pattern of intertidal habitats to compare with movement of PIT tagged fish. Investigations of fish movement at a detailed scale confirmed the broad-scale findings that habitat connectivity and close spatial proximity of resources are key factors for estuary-dependent fish species in tide-dominated systems to access different habitats. Access to habitat resources such as mangroves is more limited in time than previously thought and is dependent on fish species and size, thus suggesting importance of other adjoining habitats. Fish species and size also affected time of residency and diel pattern of habitat use. The analyses presented in this thesis also allow an evaluation of the economic consequences of climate parameters on estuarine fisheries. Species-specificity in climate-catch relationships suggested a strong need to develop forecast models and manage estuaries for future climate change by adjusting the quota for the more sensitive species. In addition, my findings on the role of estuarine habitat connectivity could guide the construction of a network of protected marine areas of various structural configurations that can optimise ecosystem services. The demonstrated value of habitat connectivity further warns against future reduction of connectivity by habitat destruction and climate change. The new techniques developed for assessing the spatial ecology of estuarine fish and their habitat utilisation and site fidelity behaviour will assist evaluation of the role of estuarine habitat inter-dependencies in supporting coastal fish populations. The fish catch data set used for fisheries management is valid for broad-scale investigations. However, it can be insufficient for managing certain stocks, e.g., fish targeted by recreational fishers. Data sets can be significantly improved by in-corporating locally collected recreational fish catch data, which can provide detailed information for particular river systems and allow better assessments of potential overfishing. The results of this study suggest that sound ecosystem-based fisheries management requires a diversity of information, an improved catch record system, a species-specific approach to managing the impact of climate change, and ecologically meaningful protection areas with high habitat connectivity.
Author: Jan-Olaf Meynecke Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: The primary data sources for this study were (1) 17 years of commercial fish catch data from over 30 selected estuarine fish species or species groups; and (2) estuarine habitat maps for Queensland, Australia. Queensland appears to be the best study region as it had the largest extent of soft sediment estuarine habitats, comprising seagrass, salt marsh and mangroves, and offers long-term commercial fish catch data compared to other states in Australia. As a first step, the relationship between catch (both as catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) and total catch) for commercially caught species in their dominant fisheries (trawl, line, net or pot fisheries) and estuarine geomorphic spatial metrics were extracted from digital habitat maps in geographic information systems (GIS). For preliminary analyses, I examined 13 geographical regions in Queensland based on their importance to commercial fisheries. Spatial metric characteristics such as Euclidean distance, patch density and landscape connectivity for 273 estuaries along the Queensland coast were then calculated within 90 fish catch grids, which provided inshore fish catch data from 21 species groups. The collective spatial characteristics of estuarine habitats such as size and structural connectivity showed significant correlation with fish catch, with r2 values> 0.7 for 17 commercial species groups. More detailed multiple regression analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) plots showed significant links between geomorphic coastal features such as structural connectivity and nearshore fisheries production. The relationship was best explained by connectivity indices for mangroves, salt marsh and channels, further suggesting the fundamental importance of connected tidal wetlands to the fish catch. Climate-driven dependencies of fish catch were explored by using CPUE, rainfall, coastal air temperature and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and catch time-series for specific combinations of climate, seasons and regions. Surplus production models where applied to the commercial fish catch data using the program CLIMPROD. In addition to habitat configuration, climate, particularly rainfall, played a major role in the species composition of the fish catch. Up to 30 % of Queensland's total fish catch and up to 80 % of the barramundi catch variation for specific regions were explained by rainfall, often with a time-lag response to rainfall events. Temperature had similar influences on fish and prawn catches, with high temperatures having a negative effect on the prawn catch in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The importance of estuary-scale habitat connectivity to fish populations was assessed by studying fish movement in relation to the extent of flooding for several commercially and recreationally important species in and out of a small mangrove creek using a stationary passive integrated transponder (PIT) system, augmented by underwater digital video recorders (DVRs) for visual sensing. A high-resolution digital elevation model derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and aerial imagery was used to estimate inundation pattern of intertidal habitats to compare with movement of PIT tagged fish. Investigations of fish movement at a detailed scale confirmed the broad-scale findings that habitat connectivity and close spatial proximity of resources are key factors for estuary-dependent fish species in tide-dominated systems to access different habitats. Access to habitat resources such as mangroves is more limited in time than previously thought and is dependent on fish species and size, thus suggesting importance of other adjoining habitats. Fish species and size also affected time of residency and diel pattern of habitat use. The analyses presented in this thesis also allow an evaluation of the economic consequences of climate parameters on estuarine fisheries. Species-specificity in climate-catch relationships suggested a strong need to develop forecast models and manage estuaries for future climate change by adjusting the quota for the more sensitive species. In addition, my findings on the role of estuarine habitat connectivity could guide the construction of a network of protected marine areas of various structural configurations that can optimise ecosystem services. The demonstrated value of habitat connectivity further warns against future reduction of connectivity by habitat destruction and climate change. The new techniques developed for assessing the spatial ecology of estuarine fish and their habitat utilisation and site fidelity behaviour will assist evaluation of the role of estuarine habitat inter-dependencies in supporting coastal fish populations. The fish catch data set used for fisheries management is valid for broad-scale investigations. However, it can be insufficient for managing certain stocks, e.g., fish targeted by recreational fishers. Data sets can be significantly improved by in-corporating locally collected recreational fish catch data, which can provide detailed information for particular river systems and allow better assessments of potential overfishing. The results of this study suggest that sound ecosystem-based fisheries management requires a diversity of information, an improved catch record system, a species-specific approach to managing the impact of climate change, and ecologically meaningful protection areas with high habitat connectivity.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080878857 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 4604
Book Description
The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Author: Rachel Katherine Guy Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 506
Book Description
Governing sustainable wild-catch fisheries comes with numerous social and ecological challenges. Coastal ecosystems support many socially important fisheries by providing critical habitat for early life stages of species. These habitats are predicted to be influenced by climate change. This dissertation takes an integrative approach to analyze the problem of climate change concerning a coastal socio-ecological system. Borrowing from the epistemologies of fish, spatial, and political ecologies, I dissect the issue of fishery governance in the face of climate change in the context of a highly productive coastal ecosystem: the estuaries of Georgia (USA). The overall objective is to evaluate the vulnerability of estuarine-based fisheries to climate change. Through a case study, I analyze the governance of a fishery and how it changes a fishing community's vulnerability through inhibiting or helping the building of adaptive capacity to stressors like climate change. From the ecological perspective, I first analyze the drivers of seasonal and inter-annual variability of select nekton species and overall fish diversity. Then, I determine through Random Forest models the landscape structural parameters that are important to creating spatially-explicit critical fish habitat models. Finally, I project the parameterized models into future scenarios of sea level rise. I determined that a coastal fishery with a low adaptive capacity to long-term press stressors experiences higher vulnerability to short-term pulse stressors. I found evidence that seasonal variability is influenced by abiotic environmental gradients, however inter-annual variability could not always be directly connected to climate trends. Elements of the biotic landscape structure, particularly the proportion of regularly flooded marshes available, were important predictors of habitat availability. Future scenarios of sea level rise may negatively affect the distribution of available habitat for some species, but for other species may lead to an increase in available habitat. These trends are not linear, and governance should consider tipping points or thresholds. Overall, I address how the governance of the fisheries facing climate change, and socio-ecological systems in general, have issues of temporal and spatial scale incongruency.
Author: Tony Norton Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 0643098666 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Australia’s experience in community-based environmental repair is unique in the world, with no shortage of analysis by bureaucrats, academics and environmentalists. This collection of 17 case studies gives a view from ground level. It includes heroic accounts of families who changed their way of farming and their relationship to the land so significantly they found they could stop hand-feeding stock during a drought and see the bush coming back. It describes the experience with ‘bush tenders’, which were oversubscribed, as farmers competed with each other for stewardship payments to manage their grazing lands for endangered ground-nesting birds as well as beef and wool. And it tells of a group of wheat growers who plant patches of grassland for beneficial insects that save them tens of thousands of dollars a year in pesticide bills. The case studies arose from a meeting of 250 farmers, foresters and fishers from all Australian states, who met in Launceston as guests of the community group Tamar Natural Resource Management to reflect on the question: ‘Is it possible to be good environmental managers and prosper in our businesses?’ As well as tales of environmental hope, there are also messages about the limits of duty of care, the need to share the costs of achieving society’s expectations, and the possibility of learning from unlikely places. Biodiversity: Integrating Conservation and Production includes the seven ‘Tamar Principles’, distilled by the delegates from the meeting for those on the front line.
Author: Eric Wolanski Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128140046 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 730
Book Description
Coasts and Estuaries: The Future provides valuable information on how we can protect and maintain natural ecological structures while also allowing estuaries to deliver services that produce societal goods and benefits. These issues are addressed through chapters detailing case studies from estuaries and coastal waters worldwide, presenting a full range of natural variability and human pressures. Following this, a series of chapters written by scientific leaders worldwide synthesizes the problems and offers solutions for specific issues graded within the framework of the socio-economic-environmental mosaic. These include fisheries, climate change, coastal megacities, evolving human-nature interactions, remediation measures, and integrated coastal management. The problems faced by half of the world living near coasts are truly a worldwide challenge as well as an opportunity for scientists to study commonalities and differences and provide solutions. This book is centered around the proposed DAPSI(W)R(M) framework, where drivers of basic human needs requires activities that each produce pressures. The pressures are mechanisms of state change on the natural system and Impacts on societal welfare (including well-being). These problems then require responses, which are the solutions relating to governance, socio-economic and cultural measures (Scharin et al 2016). - Covers estuaries and coastal seas worldwide, integrating their commonality, differences and solutions for sustainability - Includes global case studies from leading worldwide contributors, with accompanying boxes highlighting a synopsis about a particular estuary and coastal sea, making all information easy to find - Presents full color images to aid the reader in a better understanding of details of each case study - Provides a multi-disciplinary approach, linking biology, physics, climate and social sciences
Author: Eric Wolanski Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1003800041 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 485
Book Description
In the last two decades since publication of the first edition, substantial advancements have been made in the science, the need for transdisciplinary approaches to coral reef protection greater than ever before. This new edition, now in full color throughout with accompanying animations, goes beyond identifying foundational information and current problems to pinpoint science-based solutions for managers, stakeholders and policy makers. Coral reefs are connected by currents that carry plankton and the larvae of many reef-based organisms. Further, they supply food to reefs. Currents also bring pollutants from the land and, together with the atmosphere, affect the surrounding ocean. The chapters in this book provide a much-needed review of the biophysics of reefs with an emphasis on the Great Barrier Reef as an ecosystem. The focus is on interactions between currents, waves, sediment and the dynamics of coastal and reef-based ecosystems. The topographic complexity of reefs redirects mainstream currents, creates tidal eddies, mushroom jets, boundary layers, stagnation zones, and this turbulence is enhanced by the oceanographic chaos in the adjoining Coral Sea. This is the environment in which particles and organisms, of a range of sizes live, from tiny plankton to megafauna. This generates faunal connectivity at scales of meters to thousands of km within the Great Barrier Reef and with the adjoining ocean. Pollution from land-use is increasing and remedial measures are described both on land and on coral cays. The impact of climate change is quantified in case studies about mangroves and corals. Modelling this biophysical complexity is increasing in sophistication, and the authors suggest how the field can advance further.
Author: Daryl Peter McPhee Publisher: Federation Press ISBN: 9781862876842 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
Whether it's throwing a fresh local prawn on the BBQ or dangling a line off the local jetty, fisheries resources are economically and socially important for many Australians. Australian fisheries have undergone significant management changes over the last decade and Australia is now recognised as a world leader.This book is a comprehensive analysis of fisheries management in Australia. It provides practical insight into the cross-disciplinary tools of fisheries management. It takes the reader away from the outdated notion of "managing the fish" to the reality of managing human behaviour. It does so without losing track of the fundamental need to consider the ecosystem and its components.The book covers a diverse range of contemporary topics including: sharing fisheries resources between commercial and recreational fishers, marine park planning, current regulatory and policy environments, consultative and participatory frameworks, by-catch mitigation and fisheries habitat management. It is a must for tertiary students studying fisheries, fisheries management professionals, the fishing industry and anyone else with an interest in how our valuable but finite fisheries resources are managed.
Author: Eric Wolanski Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400770197 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
The book addresses the questions: Is Australia’s rapidly growing human population and economy environmentally sustainable for its estuaries and coasts? What is needed to enable sustainable development? To answer these questions, this book reports detailed studies of 20 iconic Australian estuaries and bays by leading Australian estuarine scientists. That knowledge is synthesised in time and space across Australia to suggest what Australian estuaries will look like in 2050 and beyond based on socio-economic decisions that are made now, and changes that are needed to ensure sustainability. The book also has a Prologue by Mr Malcolm Fraser, former Prime Minister of Australia, which bridges environmental science, population policy and sustainability.
Author: M.P. Weinstein Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0792360192 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 862
Book Description
Tidal salt marshes are viewed as critical habitats for the production of fish and shellfish. As a result, considerable legislation has been promulgated to conserve and protect these habitats, and much of it is in effect today. The relatively young science of ecological engineering has also emerged, and there are now attempts to reverse centuries-old losses by encouraging sound wetland restoration practices. Today, tens of thousands of hectares of degraded or isolated coastal wetlands are being restored worldwide. Whether restored wetlands reach functional equivalency to `natural' systems is a subject of heated debate. Equally debatable is the paradigm that depicts tidal salt marshes as the `great engine' that drives much of the secondary production in coastal waters. This view was questioned in the early 1980s by investigators who noted that total carbon export, on the order of 100 to 200 g m-2 y-1 was of much lower magnitude than originally thought. These authors also recognized that some marshes were either net importers of carbon, or showed no net exchange. Thus, the notion of `outwelling' has become but a single element in an evolving view of marsh function and the link between primary and secondary production. The `revisionist' movement was launched in 1979 when stable isotopic ratios of macrophytes and animal tissues were found to be `mismatched'. Some eighteen years later, the view of marsh function is still undergoing additional modification, and we are slowly unraveling the complexities of biogeochemical cycles, nutrient exchange, and the links between primary producers and the marsh/estuary fauna. Yet, since Teal's seminal paper nearly forty years ago, we are not much closer to understanding how marshes work. If anything, we have learned that the story is far more complicated than originally thought. Despite more than four decades of intense research, we do not yet know how salt marshes function as essential habitat, nor do we know the relative contributions to secondary production, both in situ or in the open waters of the estuary. The theme of this Symposium was to review the status of salt marsh research and revisit the existing paradigm(s) for salt marsh function. Challenge questions were designed to meet the controversy head on: Do marshes support the production of marine transient species? If so, how? Are any of these species marsh obligates? How much of the production takes place in situ versus in open waters of the estuary/coastal zone? Sessions were devoted to reviews of landmark studies, or current findings that advance our knowledge of salt marsh function. A day was also devoted to ecological engineering and wetland restoration papers addressing state-of-the-art methodology and specific case histories. Several challenge papers arguing for and against our ability to restore functional salt marshes led off each session. This volume is intended to serve as a synthesis of our current understanding of the ecological role of salt marshes, and will, it is hoped, pave the way for a new generation of research.
Author: Jan-Olaf Meynecke
Author: Jan-Olaf Meynecke
Author: 
Author: Rachel Katherine Guy
Author: Tony Norton
Author: Eric Wolanski
Author: Eric Wolanski
Author: Daryl Peter McPhee
Author: Eric Wolanski
Author: M.P. Weinstein
Author: Bowker Editorial Staff