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Author: Nwankwo, Abraham Publisher: Adonis and Abbey Publishers ISBN: 1909112755 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Contrary to the Quantity Theory of Money, which in its various forms, implies that increases in output of goods and services will, ceteris paribus, exert downward pressure on the general price level, Dr. Nwankwo in this book, argues that the growth of some components of output could accentuate, rather than dampen inflation. This phenomenon, which the author has termed 'Disaggregation Dissonance Hypothesis', states that while some components of the GDP may be inversely related to the price level, other components may be positively related to the price level. In addition, interaction between sectors, measured for example with the ratio of non-agricultural output to agricultural output, could also affect the price level. In view of these observations, the author argues that the practice based on the Quantity Theory of using aggregate output as an explanatory variable for the price level is defective and inappropriate and that the use of aggregate output in an empirical study is of limited relevance because it obscures a lot of the underlying influences which are necessary for understanding the structure and dynamics of inflation. He contends that a more appropriate approach will be to use disaggregated components of the GDP, as well as sectoral interaction variables in order to bring out the different ways in which the different components of the GDP impact inflation. The author supports his thesis with an econometric investigation, using Nigeria's data from 1960 to 2011, which shows that when the GDP is split into agricultural and non-agricultural components, the former impacts the price level inversely, while the latter impacts the price level positively.
Author: Nwankwo, Abraham Publisher: Adonis and Abbey Publishers ISBN: 1909112755 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Contrary to the Quantity Theory of Money, which in its various forms, implies that increases in output of goods and services will, ceteris paribus, exert downward pressure on the general price level, Dr. Nwankwo in this book, argues that the growth of some components of output could accentuate, rather than dampen inflation. This phenomenon, which the author has termed 'Disaggregation Dissonance Hypothesis', states that while some components of the GDP may be inversely related to the price level, other components may be positively related to the price level. In addition, interaction between sectors, measured for example with the ratio of non-agricultural output to agricultural output, could also affect the price level. In view of these observations, the author argues that the practice based on the Quantity Theory of using aggregate output as an explanatory variable for the price level is defective and inappropriate and that the use of aggregate output in an empirical study is of limited relevance because it obscures a lot of the underlying influences which are necessary for understanding the structure and dynamics of inflation. He contends that a more appropriate approach will be to use disaggregated components of the GDP, as well as sectoral interaction variables in order to bring out the different ways in which the different components of the GDP impact inflation. The author supports his thesis with an econometric investigation, using Nigeria's data from 1960 to 2011, which shows that when the GDP is split into agricultural and non-agricultural components, the former impacts the price level inversely, while the latter impacts the price level positively.
Author: Michael D. Bordo Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226066959 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 545
Book Description
Controlling inflation is among the most important objectives of economic policy. By maintaining price stability, policy makers are able to reduce uncertainty, improve price-monitoring mechanisms, and facilitate more efficient planning and allocation of resources, thereby raising productivity. This volume focuses on understanding the causes of the Great Inflation of the 1970s and ’80s, which saw rising inflation in many nations, and which propelled interest rates across the developing world into the double digits. In the decades since, the immediate cause of the period’s rise in inflation has been the subject of considerable debate. Among the areas of contention are the role of monetary policy in driving inflation and the implications this had both for policy design and for evaluating the performance of those who set the policy. Here, contributors map monetary policy from the 1960s to the present, shedding light on the ways in which the lessons of the Great Inflation were absorbed and applied to today’s global and increasingly complex economic environment.
Author: Alan S. Blinder Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483264564 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
Economic Policy and the Great Stagflation discusses the national economic policy and economics as a policy-oriented science. This book summarizes what economists do and do not know about the inflation and recession that affected the U.S. economy during the years of the Great Stagflation in the mid-1970s. The topics discussed include the basic concepts of stagflation, turbulent economic history of 1971-1976, anatomy of the great recession and inflation, and legacy of the Great Stagflation. The relation of wage-price controls, fiscal policy, and monetary policy to the Great Stagflation is also elaborated. This publication is beneficial to economists and students researching on the history of the Great Stagflation and policy errors of the 1970s.
Author: Jordi Galí Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226278875 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 663
Book Description
United States monetary policy has traditionally been modeled under the assumption that the domestic economy is immune to international factors and exogenous shocks. Such an assumption is increasingly unrealistic in the age of integrated capital markets, tightened links between national economies, and reduced trading costs. International Dimensions of Monetary Policy brings together fresh research to address the repercussions of the continuing evolution toward globalization for the conduct of monetary policy. In this comprehensive book, the authors examine the real and potential effects of increased openness and exposure to international economic dynamics from a variety of perspectives. Their findings reveal that central banks continue to influence decisively domestic economic outcomes—even inflation—suggesting that international factors may have a limited role in national performance. International Dimensions of Monetary Policy will lead the way in analyzing monetary policy measures in complex economies.
Author: Mr. Kangni R Kpodar Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1616356154 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.
Author: Peter J. N. Sinclair Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135179778 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
Inflation is regarded by the many as a menace that damages business and can only make life worse for households. Keeping it low depends critically on ensuring that firms and workers expect it to be low. So expectations of inflation are a key influence on national economic welfare. This collection pulls together a galaxy of world experts (including Roy Batchelor, Richard Curtin and Staffan Linden) on inflation expectations to debate different aspects of the issues involved. The main focus of the volume is on likely inflation developments. A number of factors have led practitioners and academic observers of monetary policy to place increasing emphasis recently on inflation expectations. One is the spread of inflation targeting, invented in New Zealand over 15 years ago, but now encompassing many important economies including Brazil, Canada, Israel and Great Britain. Even more significantly, the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan and the United States Federal Bank are the leading members of another group of monetary institutions all considering or implementing moves in the same direction. A second is the large reduction in actual inflation that has been observed in most countries over the past decade or so. These considerations underscore the critical – and largely underrecognized - importance of inflation expectations. They emphasize the importance of the issues, and the great need for a volume that offers a clear, systematic treatment of them. This book, under the steely editorship of Peter Sinclair, should prove very important for policy makers and monetary economists alike.
Author: Eytan Sheshinski Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262193320 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
These collected articles constitute what is perhaps the definitive study of pricing models under inflation, providing a solid basis for further research on this elusive question. What are the real effects of inflation? These collected articles constitute what is perhaps the definitive study of pricing models under inflation, providing a solid basis for further research on this elusive question. Covering a broad range of theory and applications by well-known microeconomists, the eighteen contributions evaluate the effects of inflation on aggregate output and on welfare and reveal the scope of recent efforts to explicitly incorporate frictions in economic models. A basic building block common to most of the essays in this volume is the observation that individual firms change nominal prices intermittently. The frequency and size of nominal price changes are influenced by the cost of price adjustment and changes in the economic environment, production costs, market demand, market structure, and most important, inflation. Thus the degree of nominal rigidity is influenced by the economic environment, and in a dynamic context. Two introductory essays survey the empirical studies of pricing policies by individual firms and the theoretical efforts to integrate the nominal rigidities at the micro level into macro relationships. The essays that follow treat the general problem of optimal dynamic adjustment in the presence of convex costs of adjustment, include applications of the inventory models to the case of nominal price adjustment by an individual firm, address the question of aggregation, introduce active search by consumers, and provide empirical analysis of nominal price rigidities.
Author: Charles Freedman Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 145187233X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
This is the second chapter of a forthcoming monograph entitled "On Implementing Full-Fledged Inflation-Targeting Regimes: Saying What You Do and Doing What You Say." We begin by discussing the costs of inflation, including their role in generating boom-bust cycles. Following a general discussion of the need for a nominal anchor, we describe a specific type of monetary anchor, the inflation-targeting regime, and its two key intellectual roots-the absence of long-run trade-offs and the time-inconsistency problem. We conclude by providing a brief introduction to the way in which inflation targeting works.
Author: Ben S. Bernanke Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226044734 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 469
Book Description
Over the past fifteen years, a significant number of industrialized and middle-income countries have adopted inflation targeting as a framework for monetary policymaking. As the name suggests, in such inflation-targeting regimes, the central bank is responsible for achieving a publicly announced target for the inflation rate. While the objective of controlling inflation enjoys wide support among both academic experts and policymakers, and while the countries that have followed this model have generally experienced good macroeconomic outcomes, many important questions about inflation targeting remain. In Inflation Targeting, a distinguished group of contributors explores the many underexamined dimensions of inflation targeting—its potential, its successes, and its limitations—from both a theoretical and an empirical standpoint, and for both developed and emerging economies. The volume opens with a discussion of the optimal formulation of inflation-targeting policy and continues with a debate about the desirability of such a model for the United States. The concluding chapters discuss the special problems of inflation targeting in emerging markets, including the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary.
Author: Mark Skousen Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 1479848522 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 464
Book Description
Introduction : the case for a new macroeconomics -- The theory of production in classical economics -- Hayek and the 1930s : a new vision of macroeconomics -- Time and production in the post-Keynesian era -- The structure of production : the building blocks -- Time and the aggregate production structure -- Savings, technology, and economic growth -- The theory of commodity money : economics of a pure gold standard -- Economics of a fiat money standard : a theory of the business cycle -- Implications for government economic policy -- Conclusions : the future of economic theory and research
Author: Nwankwo, Abraham
Author: Nwankwo, Abraham
Author: Michael D. Bordo
Author: Alan S. Blinder
Author: Jordi Galí
Author: Mr. Kangni R Kpodar
Author: Peter J. N. Sinclair
Author: Eytan Sheshinski
Author: Charles Freedman
Author: Ben S. Bernanke
Author: Mark Skousen