Author: Hakan Demirci
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662465280
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 93
Book Description
This book concisely but thoroughly summarizes advances in understanding of the spectrum of orbital inflammatory disorders that have resulted from recent basic and clinical research and explains their significance for clinical practice. The full range of inflammatory disorders is considered, including bacterial and fungal infections, IgG4-related orbital inflammation, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis, adult xanthogranulomatous disease, thyroid eye disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For each disorder, the etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, differential diagnoses, and management options are described and discussed. The authors comprise a panel of experts in the field who address the subject in a readable style with the aid of informative illustrations. This reference book will be of value in daily practice for ophthalmology residents, general ophthalmologists, oculoplastic and orbital surgeons, ocular oncologists, otolaryngologists, and neurosurgeons. It will also be a useful source of information for those preparing for exams or wishing to update their knowledge of these disorders
Orbital Inflammatory Diseases and Their Differential Diagnosis
Author: Hakan Demirci
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662465280
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 93
Book Description
This book concisely but thoroughly summarizes advances in understanding of the spectrum of orbital inflammatory disorders that have resulted from recent basic and clinical research and explains their significance for clinical practice. The full range of inflammatory disorders is considered, including bacterial and fungal infections, IgG4-related orbital inflammation, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis, adult xanthogranulomatous disease, thyroid eye disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For each disorder, the etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, differential diagnoses, and management options are described and discussed. The authors comprise a panel of experts in the field who address the subject in a readable style with the aid of informative illustrations. This reference book will be of value in daily practice for ophthalmology residents, general ophthalmologists, oculoplastic and orbital surgeons, ocular oncologists, otolaryngologists, and neurosurgeons. It will also be a useful source of information for those preparing for exams or wishing to update their knowledge of these disorders
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662465280
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 93
Book Description
This book concisely but thoroughly summarizes advances in understanding of the spectrum of orbital inflammatory disorders that have resulted from recent basic and clinical research and explains their significance for clinical practice. The full range of inflammatory disorders is considered, including bacterial and fungal infections, IgG4-related orbital inflammation, sarcoidosis, Sjögren’s syndrome, Wegener’s granulomatosis, adult xanthogranulomatous disease, thyroid eye disease, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. For each disorder, the etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, differential diagnoses, and management options are described and discussed. The authors comprise a panel of experts in the field who address the subject in a readable style with the aid of informative illustrations. This reference book will be of value in daily practice for ophthalmology residents, general ophthalmologists, oculoplastic and orbital surgeons, ocular oncologists, otolaryngologists, and neurosurgeons. It will also be a useful source of information for those preparing for exams or wishing to update their knowledge of these disorders
Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Author: J. Javier Servat
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030417204
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1325
Book Description
This landmark book is the most extensive and complete oculofacial plastic surgery guide available in the market. Updated and broadened from the three previous editions, it includes advances in the use of surgical navigation systems, and new techniques and treatments for diseases involving the eyelid, orbital and lacrimal system. Organized across 11 sections of in-depth, expertly written text, Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fourth Edition has taken the best of the field’s classic reference text and expanded upon it. Detailed chapters cover a multitude of topics relating to various ocular surgeries, pediatric considerations, ocular traumas, and anatomy. Supplemented with a myriad of high-quality illustrations, Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fourth Edition is an indispensable reference for oculoplastics surgeons and physicians in other fields.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030417204
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1325
Book Description
This landmark book is the most extensive and complete oculofacial plastic surgery guide available in the market. Updated and broadened from the three previous editions, it includes advances in the use of surgical navigation systems, and new techniques and treatments for diseases involving the eyelid, orbital and lacrimal system. Organized across 11 sections of in-depth, expertly written text, Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fourth Edition has taken the best of the field’s classic reference text and expanded upon it. Detailed chapters cover a multitude of topics relating to various ocular surgeries, pediatric considerations, ocular traumas, and anatomy. Supplemented with a myriad of high-quality illustrations, Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fourth Edition is an indispensable reference for oculoplastics surgeons and physicians in other fields.
A Case-Based Guide to Eye Pain
Author: Michael S. Lee
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319651218
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Book Description
Diagnosing a patient with unexplained ocular pain can be time-consuming and difficult, but taking an anatomic approach and excluding causes along the way can aid in the diagnosis. This book provides the reader with a systematic evaluation plan for these cases, written and edited by leaders in the field. A Case-Based Guide to Eye Pain is written for both ophthalmologists and neuro-ophthalmologists since there are not enough neuro-ophthalmologists to treat the number of patients with unexplained ocular pain and general ophthalmologists are having to take on the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Organized in an easy-to-use manner, each case covers the following key elements: the chief complaint, history of the present illness, the examination, assessment and plan, follow-up, alternate perspective, summary points, and key references. Tables are also available to help the reader rapidly sort through cases that may apply to a sign, symptom, historical feature, diagnostic test or treatment option. This allows the practitioner who has a patient with a particular concern to use the tables to identify a case discussion. Additionally, A Case-based Guide to Eye Pain includes an appendices with the general approach to eye pain and anatomy of the trigeminal pathway and its relation to eye pain.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319651218
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Book Description
Diagnosing a patient with unexplained ocular pain can be time-consuming and difficult, but taking an anatomic approach and excluding causes along the way can aid in the diagnosis. This book provides the reader with a systematic evaluation plan for these cases, written and edited by leaders in the field. A Case-Based Guide to Eye Pain is written for both ophthalmologists and neuro-ophthalmologists since there are not enough neuro-ophthalmologists to treat the number of patients with unexplained ocular pain and general ophthalmologists are having to take on the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Organized in an easy-to-use manner, each case covers the following key elements: the chief complaint, history of the present illness, the examination, assessment and plan, follow-up, alternate perspective, summary points, and key references. Tables are also available to help the reader rapidly sort through cases that may apply to a sign, symptom, historical feature, diagnostic test or treatment option. This allows the practitioner who has a patient with a particular concern to use the tables to identify a case discussion. Additionally, A Case-based Guide to Eye Pain includes an appendices with the general approach to eye pain and anatomy of the trigeminal pathway and its relation to eye pain.
Emergencies of the Orbit and Adnexa
Author: Bipasha Mukherjee
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132218078
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
Book Description
This handbook on orbital, lacrimal and eyelid emergencies deals with such situations in a practical manner guiding the ophthalmologists in accurate handling and making them more proficient and confident in managing vision and life-threatening emergencies. With 51 chapters and more than 350 images, this book covers all the eye emergencies that generalist and specialist ophthalmologists can expect to come across in their day to day practices. It can be argued that the orbit can no more be called ‘Pandora’s Box’ because of the unpredictable nature of its contents. This perception has changed over the years due to the advent of improved diagnostic, in particular, imaging techniques. However, since medical residency provides very little exposure to orbital and adnexal disorders, most clinicians are inexperienced and unsure about their management. Facing an emergency situation where improper management can rapidly worsen the condition leading to blindness or even death of the patient is every ophthalmologist’s nightmare. The emergent nature of these conditions does not always provide for a leeway to refer these patients to an orbit and oculoplasty specialist, who are few and far between. By the time the patient reaches his destination, his vision maybe irrevocably lost. The legal implications of such mismanagement can be significant too. This book is a quick and essential resource to manage and refer eye emergencies with confidence.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 8132218078
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 484
Book Description
This handbook on orbital, lacrimal and eyelid emergencies deals with such situations in a practical manner guiding the ophthalmologists in accurate handling and making them more proficient and confident in managing vision and life-threatening emergencies. With 51 chapters and more than 350 images, this book covers all the eye emergencies that generalist and specialist ophthalmologists can expect to come across in their day to day practices. It can be argued that the orbit can no more be called ‘Pandora’s Box’ because of the unpredictable nature of its contents. This perception has changed over the years due to the advent of improved diagnostic, in particular, imaging techniques. However, since medical residency provides very little exposure to orbital and adnexal disorders, most clinicians are inexperienced and unsure about their management. Facing an emergency situation where improper management can rapidly worsen the condition leading to blindness or even death of the patient is every ophthalmologist’s nightmare. The emergent nature of these conditions does not always provide for a leeway to refer these patients to an orbit and oculoplasty specialist, who are few and far between. By the time the patient reaches his destination, his vision maybe irrevocably lost. The legal implications of such mismanagement can be significant too. This book is a quick and essential resource to manage and refer eye emergencies with confidence.
Diseases and Disorders of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa E-Book
Author: Aaron Fay
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323377246
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 747
Book Description
Drawing from the knowledge and expertise of more than 70 contributing international experts, Diseases and Disorders of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa thoroughly covers the state of the art in orbital and periocular disease from the perspective of a variety of specialties. Clearly written and profusely illustrated, it covers the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, natural history, and management alternatives of disease processes affecting the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal system, and upper face. With a singular focus on the diagnosis and management of orbital and ocular adnexal disease, this authoritative text gives you the information you need to excel both in practice and on exams in the specialty of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. - Offers an in-depth and thorough approach to the pathophysiology of oculoplastics and orbital disease, incorporating the perspectives of numerous specialties – all in one convenient volume. - Uses an easy-to-follow, templated format throughout so you can find what you need quickly. - Covers new information not included in other texts, such as antibody testing in dysthyroid conditions and a rapidly emerging array of targeted immunosuppressive medications for the treatment of inflammatory orbital disease. - Includes hot topics such as the classification and management of orbital inflammatory disease; vascular neoplasms and malformations; periocular dermatology; burn management; facial paralytic disease; and the pathogenesis, evaluation and management of lymphoproliferative disease. - Features more than 1,200 high-quality clinical, imaging, and histological illustrations that provide clear visual examples of orbital disease. - Written by an international team of experts from five continents (across multiple specialties including ophthalmology, dermatology, burn management, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, endocrinology, and pathology) led by Dr. Aaron Fay and Dr. Peter J. Dolman.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323377246
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 747
Book Description
Drawing from the knowledge and expertise of more than 70 contributing international experts, Diseases and Disorders of the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa thoroughly covers the state of the art in orbital and periocular disease from the perspective of a variety of specialties. Clearly written and profusely illustrated, it covers the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, natural history, and management alternatives of disease processes affecting the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal system, and upper face. With a singular focus on the diagnosis and management of orbital and ocular adnexal disease, this authoritative text gives you the information you need to excel both in practice and on exams in the specialty of ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery. - Offers an in-depth and thorough approach to the pathophysiology of oculoplastics and orbital disease, incorporating the perspectives of numerous specialties – all in one convenient volume. - Uses an easy-to-follow, templated format throughout so you can find what you need quickly. - Covers new information not included in other texts, such as antibody testing in dysthyroid conditions and a rapidly emerging array of targeted immunosuppressive medications for the treatment of inflammatory orbital disease. - Includes hot topics such as the classification and management of orbital inflammatory disease; vascular neoplasms and malformations; periocular dermatology; burn management; facial paralytic disease; and the pathogenesis, evaluation and management of lymphoproliferative disease. - Features more than 1,200 high-quality clinical, imaging, and histological illustrations that provide clear visual examples of orbital disease. - Written by an international team of experts from five continents (across multiple specialties including ophthalmology, dermatology, burn management, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, endocrinology, and pathology) led by Dr. Aaron Fay and Dr. Peter J. Dolman.
Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology
Author: Daniel M. Albert
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783030426330
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 8007
Book Description
Keeping up to date with advances in comprehensive ophthalmology and in the ophthalmic sub-specialties is extremely difficult because of the accelerating rapidity with which new information and technology become available and the diminishing time and opportunity for practitioners and trainees to read and learn. The first edition of Albert and Jakobiec’s Principles and Practice (1994) was conceived with the idea of utilizing an electronic, updated version in which the chapters were revised by the chapter authors on an annual or semi-annual basis, but the technology was not sufficiently advanced to achieve this goal. Subsequent editions (2000 and 2008) were organized by Saunders and the last published by Elsevier (of which Springer has obtained the complete rights to move forward with the 4th edition, see attachment). For nearly three decades, this text has provided its readers with authoritative and comprehensive coverage of clinical ophthalmology, written and edited by a group of authors who represented a “Who’s Who” in ophthalmology. By using Springer’s Meteor platform, with its ability to allow authors and editors access to updating their chapters online annually/semi-annually, and with the recruitment of select chapter authors, this work’s usefulness as the standard text in ophthalmology will be maintained and expanded upon by Springer. The 4th edition of this comprehensive and authoritative text is written by hundreds of the most distinguished authorities from around the world and edited by four leaders in the field, providing today's best answers to every question that arises in ophthalmology practice. Richly illustrated with thousands of high quality, full color, clinically-relevant images, Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, 4th Edition covers every scientific and clinical principle in ophthalmology, ensuring that the reader will always be able to find the guidance needed to diagnose and manage patients' ocular problems and meet today's standards of care. Written for practicing ophthalmologists and trainees, this book delivers in-depth guidance on new diagnostic approaches, operative techniques, and treatment options, as well as coherent explanations of new scientific concept and its clinical importance. The 4th edition will prove to be the source every practicing clinician needs to efficiently and confidently overcome any clinical challenge they may face. Updates include new chapters on anterior and posterior segment diseases, as well as chapters more focused on treatment, plus thousands of new, high-quality, color images and illustrations, updated references, and information on the most cutting-edge technology used by clinicians in their practices today. Additionally, readers will enjoy the same, user-friendly, full-color design they remember from the previous edition, complete with many at-a-glance summary tables, algorithms, boxes, and diagrams that allow the reader to locate the assistance needed more rapidly than ever.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783030426330
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 8007
Book Description
Keeping up to date with advances in comprehensive ophthalmology and in the ophthalmic sub-specialties is extremely difficult because of the accelerating rapidity with which new information and technology become available and the diminishing time and opportunity for practitioners and trainees to read and learn. The first edition of Albert and Jakobiec’s Principles and Practice (1994) was conceived with the idea of utilizing an electronic, updated version in which the chapters were revised by the chapter authors on an annual or semi-annual basis, but the technology was not sufficiently advanced to achieve this goal. Subsequent editions (2000 and 2008) were organized by Saunders and the last published by Elsevier (of which Springer has obtained the complete rights to move forward with the 4th edition, see attachment). For nearly three decades, this text has provided its readers with authoritative and comprehensive coverage of clinical ophthalmology, written and edited by a group of authors who represented a “Who’s Who” in ophthalmology. By using Springer’s Meteor platform, with its ability to allow authors and editors access to updating their chapters online annually/semi-annually, and with the recruitment of select chapter authors, this work’s usefulness as the standard text in ophthalmology will be maintained and expanded upon by Springer. The 4th edition of this comprehensive and authoritative text is written by hundreds of the most distinguished authorities from around the world and edited by four leaders in the field, providing today's best answers to every question that arises in ophthalmology practice. Richly illustrated with thousands of high quality, full color, clinically-relevant images, Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, 4th Edition covers every scientific and clinical principle in ophthalmology, ensuring that the reader will always be able to find the guidance needed to diagnose and manage patients' ocular problems and meet today's standards of care. Written for practicing ophthalmologists and trainees, this book delivers in-depth guidance on new diagnostic approaches, operative techniques, and treatment options, as well as coherent explanations of new scientific concept and its clinical importance. The 4th edition will prove to be the source every practicing clinician needs to efficiently and confidently overcome any clinical challenge they may face. Updates include new chapters on anterior and posterior segment diseases, as well as chapters more focused on treatment, plus thousands of new, high-quality, color images and illustrations, updated references, and information on the most cutting-edge technology used by clinicians in their practices today. Additionally, readers will enjoy the same, user-friendly, full-color design they remember from the previous edition, complete with many at-a-glance summary tables, algorithms, boxes, and diagrams that allow the reader to locate the assistance needed more rapidly than ever.
Diseases of the Orbit
Author: Jack Rootman
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 9780781715126
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 654
Book Description
Now thoroughly revised, this Second Edition text focuses on a case-based learning approach that features decision-making information presented in algorithmic format. Sections covered are the anatomy of the orbit, pathophysiologic and anatomic principles in classifying, diagnosing and investigating orbital disease, diseases of the orbit, and the management of those diseases. New topics include orbital ultrasound, gamma scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, incidence of lesions by location, management of complex vascular lesions, granulomatous inflammations of the orbit, and orbital atrophy. A conceptual model is presented and a new classification scheme discussed. Several chapters have been updated and illustrations are plentiful.
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 9780781715126
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 654
Book Description
Now thoroughly revised, this Second Edition text focuses on a case-based learning approach that features decision-making information presented in algorithmic format. Sections covered are the anatomy of the orbit, pathophysiologic and anatomic principles in classifying, diagnosing and investigating orbital disease, diseases of the orbit, and the management of those diseases. New topics include orbital ultrasound, gamma scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, incidence of lesions by location, management of complex vascular lesions, granulomatous inflammations of the orbit, and orbital atrophy. A conceptual model is presented and a new classification scheme discussed. Several chapters have been updated and illustrations are plentiful.
Ocular Adnexal Lesions
Author: Shantha Amrith
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811337985
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
This comprehensive book focuses on eyelid, lacrimal and orbital lesions, covering a wide variety of common and rare diseases and correlating their clinical, radiological and pathological aspects. It presents a large number of illustrative cases, with a discussion of the clinical history, examination, the imaging and pathology findings, differential diagnosis and management along with a take home message for each. Further, it offers clear guidance on the diagnosis and management of orbital and adnexal lesions. This book is a valuable learning tool for residents and trainee fellows in ophthalmology, as well as for trainees in radiology and pathology. It is also relevant to young ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgeons, practicing ophthalmologists, radiologists, and pathologists.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811337985
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 326
Book Description
This comprehensive book focuses on eyelid, lacrimal and orbital lesions, covering a wide variety of common and rare diseases and correlating their clinical, radiological and pathological aspects. It presents a large number of illustrative cases, with a discussion of the clinical history, examination, the imaging and pathology findings, differential diagnosis and management along with a take home message for each. Further, it offers clear guidance on the diagnosis and management of orbital and adnexal lesions. This book is a valuable learning tool for residents and trainee fellows in ophthalmology, as well as for trainees in radiology and pathology. It is also relevant to young ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgeons, practicing ophthalmologists, radiologists, and pathologists.
Orbital Surgery
Author: R. Medel
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318026069
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Orbital surgery deals with a variety of complications occurring in the eye socket comprising inflammatory diseases like thyroid-associated orbitopathy, tumors, infections, and injuries from trauma that affect eye function. In this volume, renowned European orbital surgery experts share their professional experience and expertise. Their contributions cover basic as well as more specialized up-to-date concepts that are beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with orbital disorders. The book offers a practical review of this complex and very interesting branch of ophthalmic plastic surgery for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmic plastic and orbital surgery fellows, ophthalmic plastic surgeons with a special interest in orbital surgery, and general ophthalmologists.
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318026069
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 126
Book Description
Orbital surgery deals with a variety of complications occurring in the eye socket comprising inflammatory diseases like thyroid-associated orbitopathy, tumors, infections, and injuries from trauma that affect eye function. In this volume, renowned European orbital surgery experts share their professional experience and expertise. Their contributions cover basic as well as more specialized up-to-date concepts that are beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with orbital disorders. The book offers a practical review of this complex and very interesting branch of ophthalmic plastic surgery for ophthalmology residents, ophthalmic plastic and orbital surgery fellows, ophthalmic plastic surgeons with a special interest in orbital surgery, and general ophthalmologists.
Pediatric Oculoplastic Surgery
Author: James A. Katowitz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319608142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 973
Book Description
This well-illustrated book presents the latest diagnostic concepts and management techniques in the rapidly expanding subspecialty of pediatric oculofacial plastic surgery. Covering all aspects of the field and taking into account numerous surgical innovations and exciting new medical treatment concepts that have emerged since publication of the previous edition in 2002, Pediatric Oculoplastic Surgery, 2nd Edition will prove to be an invaluable resource for both the comprehensive ophthalmologist and the subspecialist with a particular interest in pediatric disorders of the eyelids, orbit, and nasolacrimal system. Topics discussed, in addition to clearly illustrated basic oculoplastic procedures, include surgical innovations ranging from the Sonopet system for safer removal of bone in lacrimal surgery to the development of complex image guidance technology for sinus and orbital surgery. Detailed discussion of syndromic and non-syndromic congenital anomalies explore a variety of surgical techniques and the nuances of applying these approaches in the management of various structural abnormalites. Further important advances include new analytic laboratory techniques, which can illuminate the genetic basis of many pediatric oculoplastic disorders, various medical management advances such as the role of beta blockers in the treatment of facial and orbital hemangiomas, and the development of biologic pathway blockers inhibiting tumor growth which offer real potential for reducing the necessity of surgical intervention.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319608142
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 973
Book Description
This well-illustrated book presents the latest diagnostic concepts and management techniques in the rapidly expanding subspecialty of pediatric oculofacial plastic surgery. Covering all aspects of the field and taking into account numerous surgical innovations and exciting new medical treatment concepts that have emerged since publication of the previous edition in 2002, Pediatric Oculoplastic Surgery, 2nd Edition will prove to be an invaluable resource for both the comprehensive ophthalmologist and the subspecialist with a particular interest in pediatric disorders of the eyelids, orbit, and nasolacrimal system. Topics discussed, in addition to clearly illustrated basic oculoplastic procedures, include surgical innovations ranging from the Sonopet system for safer removal of bone in lacrimal surgery to the development of complex image guidance technology for sinus and orbital surgery. Detailed discussion of syndromic and non-syndromic congenital anomalies explore a variety of surgical techniques and the nuances of applying these approaches in the management of various structural abnormalites. Further important advances include new analytic laboratory techniques, which can illuminate the genetic basis of many pediatric oculoplastic disorders, various medical management advances such as the role of beta blockers in the treatment of facial and orbital hemangiomas, and the development of biologic pathway blockers inhibiting tumor growth which offer real potential for reducing the necessity of surgical intervention.