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Author: Hiroyuki Tomita Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0323885276 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
Inflammation and Oral Cancer: From Bench to Bedside discusses all aspects surrounding the relationship between inflammation and oral cancer, from basic science to the translational research that helps in the optimization of clinical management strategies. The book discusses topics such as chronic inflammation and cancer in oral cavity, the role of HPV in oral inflammation and cancer, rodent models of oral cancer, and epigenetics in oral inflammation and cancer. This is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists and members of biomedical field who are interested in learning more about the diverse aspects of inflammation and oral cancer. Inflammation in oral mucosa can remodel the topography of the overlying epithelium. If such inflammation is chronic, it can have fundamental clinical consequences, the principal of which can be premalignant lesions throughout the alimentary tract. Furthermore, mucosal inflammation, even if subtle, is the single most common pathway for oral cancer - therefore it is very important to understand these interactions in detail. - Presents animal models of oral cancers for use in research - Discusses epigenetics in oral cancers, along with risk factors such as tabaco and alcohol - Encompasses detailed information on human papilloma virus (HPV) and its risk in oral inflammation and cancer
Author: Hiroyuki Tomita Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0323885276 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
Inflammation and Oral Cancer: From Bench to Bedside discusses all aspects surrounding the relationship between inflammation and oral cancer, from basic science to the translational research that helps in the optimization of clinical management strategies. The book discusses topics such as chronic inflammation and cancer in oral cavity, the role of HPV in oral inflammation and cancer, rodent models of oral cancer, and epigenetics in oral inflammation and cancer. This is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists and members of biomedical field who are interested in learning more about the diverse aspects of inflammation and oral cancer. Inflammation in oral mucosa can remodel the topography of the overlying epithelium. If such inflammation is chronic, it can have fundamental clinical consequences, the principal of which can be premalignant lesions throughout the alimentary tract. Furthermore, mucosal inflammation, even if subtle, is the single most common pathway for oral cancer - therefore it is very important to understand these interactions in detail. - Presents animal models of oral cancers for use in research - Discusses epigenetics in oral cancers, along with risk factors such as tabaco and alcohol - Encompasses detailed information on human papilloma virus (HPV) and its risk in oral inflammation and cancer
Author: Bharat B. Aggarwal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3034808372 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 489
Book Description
This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Author: Ngozi Nnonyelum Nwizu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
Background: Periodontal disease typically presents as a chronic, low grade inflammatory process involving the periodontium. However, it also has the potential to produce systemic effects at distant organs sites and has been linked to several systemic conditions including cancer. Epidemiological studies on the association between periodontal disease and cancer risk are however limited, but most suggest a positive association. Only three studies (3) so far have examined total cancer risk in a prospective study. With respect to individual cancer sites, to our knowledge, no large epidemiological prospective study has examined the association between periodontal disease and colorectal cancer. This is in spite of evidence from experimental studies linking an established periodontal pathogen, Fusobacterium nucleatum, to premalignant and cancerous lesions of the colorectum. This prospective study evaluated the association between periodontal disease and risk of diagnosis of incident total-, as well as, colorectal cancer. Since periodontal disease may influence cancer risk through its ability to induce a chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation, and serum CRP is an established biomarker of systemic inflammation; this study also investigated the association between prevalence and severity of measured periodontal disease, and serum hsCRP levels. Furthermore, independent evaluations of the role of active gingival inflammation, and presence of select periodontal pathogens, in influencing serum hsCRP levels respectively were conducted. Potential interactions of each of these measures with periodontal disease in relation to serum hsCRP levels were also explored. Methods: These studies were conducted utilizing data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). The study included three aims. Aim 1: evaluated the associations between periodontal disease and total cancer; Aim 2: evaluated the association of periodontal disease and colorectal cancer; and Aim 3 evaluated the association of periodontal disease and serum CRP levels. For the total cancer risk study, an analytic cohort of 65,869 postmenopausal women was used, while the colorectal cancer risk study involved 78,835 postmenopausal women. Periodontal disease status for these 2 studies was determined by self-report from the Year 5 Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) follow-up questionnaire administered from 1999 through 2003. These women were between the ages of 54-86 years at the time the periodontal questionnaire was administered and were followed up for a maximum period of 15 years. Total cancer and colorectal cancer were evaluated using the first diagnosis of any incident cancer or colorectal cancer reported after the year-5 visit respectively.^Adjudication of cancer cases was determined via medical records by physicians. The risk of diagnosis of incident total-, regional-, site-specific and colorectal cancers were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. For the association between periodontal disease and serum CRP levels, we conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from 620 postmenopausal women (aged 53-83 years) in an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS) in Buffalo NY, the OsteoPerio Study. Periodontal disease status was determined using clinical measures based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) clinical case definition for periodontal disease; and independent measures of whole mouth mean, and worst site involvement of periodontal probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), respectively. Serum hsCRP concentration was evaluated using an immunoturbidimetric assay. Mean percentage of bleeding sites on gentle probing (>50% cut point), was used to confirm the presence of active gingival inflammation; while presence of select periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella Forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus), were detected by immunofluorescence and phase contrast microscopy using pooled sub-gingival plaque samples. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: 7,678 cases of primary incident cancer were diagnosed over a mean follow-up of 8. 32 years. Periodontal disease history was associated with a 12% statistically significant increased risk of diagnosis of cancer overall, after adjusting for potential confounders [HR 1. 12, 95% CI 1. 07-1. 18]. This finding remained significant among the sample of 34,097 women who had never smoked [HR 1. 11, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 20]. Statistically significant associations were also observed for cancers of the breast [HR 1. 10, 95% CI 1. 01-1. 19]; lung [HR 1. 31, 95% CI 1. 14-1. 51]; esophagus [HR 3. 28, 95% CI 1. 64-6. 53]; gallbladder [HR 1. 73, 95% CI 1. 01-2. 95]; and melanoma skin cancers [HR 1. 23, 95% CI 1. 02-1. 48]. There was a near significant association with stomach cancer [HR 1. 58, 95% CI 0. 94-2. 67], but no associations with cancers of the pancreas or genitourinary system. There was no association between periodontal disease and risk diagnosis of colorectal cancer, after adjusting for potential confounders [hazard ratio (HR) = 1. 08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 92-1. 26]. Similarly, no associations were observed with respect to anatomic location (colon, rectum and recto-sigmoid cancers) and tumor characteristics respectively. There was significant interaction between periodontal disease and diagnosis of colorectal cancer according to hormone therapy (HT) use (p =0. 03), and stratified analyses suggest current HT users, particularly of estrogen plus progestin (E+P), with a history of periodontal disease have a higher risk of being diagnosed with colorectal cancer [HR =1. 76, 95% CI: 1. 20-2. 59]. This effect was enhanced on restriction to colon cancer alone [HR =2. 02, 95% CI: 1. 34-3. 05}. However, dose-response effect was not consistent with time on HT use. Other results from our study indicate that participants with "severe" periodontal disease according to the CDC/AAP Clinical Case Definition demonstrated an almost 2-fold higher odds of having high serum CRP concentrations (>3. 0mg/l), compared to those with no/mild disease, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR 1. 86, 95% CI 1. 06-3. 27). Positive, linear, but statistically insignificant associations were observed between whole mouth mean and worst site PPD and CAL measures. None of the select pathogens examined (alone or in groups), or the presence of active gingival inflammation evidenced by percentage of sites that bled on probing (>50%), were associated with serum hsCRP levels. Also, no significant interaction effects were observed between periodontal disease, and any of the pathogens, (alone or in groups), or mean percentage bleeding sites (>50% cut point), on the serum hsCRP concentrations. Conclusion: Periodontal disease may enhance the risk of being diagnosed with total cancer risk in postmenopausal women; this finding persisted when restricting to never smokers. This risk appears to be higher for certain anatomic sites, particularly those in close proximity to the oral cavity such as the esophagus and upper gastrointestinal regions, but does not appear to extend to lower gastrointestinal tract sites such as the colon and rectum. The observed association between women with periodontal disease who are on hormone therapy and risk of being diagnosed with incident colorectal cancer requires further exploration, and we cannot rule out that it may be due to chance. This study also affirms that chronic inflammation may be one mechanism by which periodontal disease is associated with cancer risk. Additional research in other prospective cohorts is needed.
Author: M. Zimmermann Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364282028X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 255
Book Description
Pain is unfortunately not an early symptom in neoplastic diseases. When it occurs, however, as it so often does in the advanced stages of the disease, then it can be particularly severe. Many physicians are not able to treat such pain efficiently with the standard methods familiar to them. Even in the oncological clinic, it is common for cancer patients not to receive adequate treatment of their pain; the therapeutic efforts are directed principally at the cancer, the pain often being neglected. This book fills a gap in the literature and should enhance the awareness of pain of all those who deal with cancer patients. For the patient, the symptoms of the disease are usually the direct cause of suffering, and pain is often the most severe symptom. The pain may be potentiated by knowledge of the threat posed by the cancer, or may itself considerably increase the patients existing anxiety. Thus there is a vicious circle of pain and psychological factors which will reduce the patient to a state of despair and distress. It is, therefore, obvious that efficient pain therapy is of utmost signi ficance to the patient, who will judge the doctor's ability to provide medical assistance according to the degree of pain relief achieved. The patient's quality of life will also depend critically on the relief obtained.
Author: J.J. Pindborg Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642605923 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 115
Book Description
This book includes more clinical aspects and concentrates on cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa rather than attempting to cover all benign and malignant tumours of the oral and oropharyngeal tissue. One main emphasis is the significance of the clinical features of the various lesions discussed. Attention is also drawn to those conditions particular to the oral mucosa that may give rise to appearances which are important in differential diagnoses but can be misleading to those who do not have detailed knowledge of the tissue involved. The TNM-classification for malignant tumours of the lip and oral cavity is also included.
Author: Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811513465 Category : Face Languages : en Pages : 1965
Book Description
This is an open access book with CC BY 4.0 license. This comprehensive open access textbook provides a comprehensive coverage of principles and practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. With a range of topics starting from routine dentoalveolar surgery to advanced and complex surgical procedures, this volume is a meaningful combination of text and illustrations including clinical photos, radiographs, and videos. It provides guidance on evidence-based practices in context to existing protocols, guidelines and recommendations to help readers deal with most clinical scenarios in their daily surgical work. This multidisciplinary textbook is meant for postgraduate trainees, young practicing oral surgeons and experienced clinicians, as well as those preparing for university and board certification exams. It also aids in decision-making, the implementation of treatment plans and the management of complications that may arise. This book is an initiative of Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India (AOMSI) to its commitment to academic medicine. As part of this commitment, this textbook is in open access to help ensure widest possible dissemination to readers across the world. ; Open access Unique presentation with contents divided into color-coded core competency gradations Covers all aspects of oral and maxillofacial surgery Supplemented with videos of all commonly carried out procedures as operative video Every chapter or topic concludes with "future perspective" and addresses cutting edge advances in each area Every topic has a pull out box that provides the most relevant systematic reviews/ key articles to every topic.
Author: Samapika Routray Publisher: ISBN: 9789811905933 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book helps in understanding the relationship between microorganisms and oral carcinogenesis, and the possible oncogenic mechanisms enhancing the association. The book highlights the association between oral cancer, primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major global health problem with high incidence and low survival rates with infection and inflammation. Establishing the association of the oral microbiome with cancer risk may lead to significant advances in the understanding cancer etiology, potentially opening a new research paradigm for cancer prevention. The book takes the readers through interesting topics such as the epidemiology and etiology of OSCC, the hallmarks of cancer, and the role of inflammation in OCSS. It presents the difference between the normal and diseased oral microbiome. It further describes the carcino-pathogenesis of various groups. Finally, it discusses the clinical correlation of the observations and what the future looks like for this area of research. The book is interesting for medical students, researchers and clinicians, alike. The knowledge from the book can be exploited practically and used for designing further experiments.
Author: Saman Warnakulasuriya Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030323161 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
This comprehensive multidisciplinary book examines all aspects of cancers of the mouth and oropharynx with the aim of equipping advanced students and practitioners in the early stages of specialist training with an up-to-date guide and reference. A multinational team of authors – all experts in the field of oral oncology – provide illuminating contributions on the full range of relevant topics: epidemiology, risk factors, clinical features, staging and prognostic factors, pathology, diagnostic techniques, disease prevention, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Molecular biology, molecular targeted therapies for advanced cases, and future diagnostic and prognostic applications of new technologies also receive careful attention. In providing a wealth of essential information and guidance in a practical format, the book will be a superb asset for senior graduate students in dentistry and specialist trainees in head and neck oncology. It will also be of high value for the many physicians, surgeons, pathologists, dentists, and specialists involved in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx.
Author: Gokul Sridharan Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1838805028 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Oral diseases are one of the more common non-communicable health diseases. They pose a major health burden for many countries and affect people throughout their lifetime causing pain, discomfort, disfigurement, and even death. As per WHO, it is estimated that oral diseases affect nearly 3.5 billion people globally. In developing countries, the estimate could be still higher owing to the lack of awareness among the general public, the lack of adequate infrastructure, and less accessibility to oral health care providers, especially amongst people of lower socio-economic status. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of various oral diseases with emphasis on the pathogenesis, investigation, and the management protocol of different oral and maxillofacial diseases.
Author: Hiroyuki Tomita
Author: Hiroyuki Tomita
Author: Bharat B. Aggarwal
Author: Jens Jørgen Pindborg
Author: Ngozi Nnonyelum Nwizu
Author: M. Zimmermann
Author: J.J. Pindborg
Author: Krishnamurthy Bonanthaya
Author: Samapika Routray
Author: Saman Warnakulasuriya
Author: Gokul Sridharan