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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
Use of inelastic x-ray scattering to study excitations in condensed matter systems is discussed with emphasis on complementarity with inelastic neutron scattering. In particular, studies of electronic excitations in simple metals are detailed. A long standing controversy on the role of crystalline long range order on electron dynamics at intermediate momentum transfers is resolved by comparison of response functions obtained in liquid an solid phase of Li, Na, and Al. They show that the overall shape of the response function is unchanged on melting, implying that it is not determined by the long range order of the ion cores. Conversely, orientationally independent fine structure disappears on melting and therefore must be attributed to band structure-induced transitions, not many-body effects as had previously been argued. At small q, the plasmon lifetime and dispersion remain unchanged on melting. Other experiments are also briefly reviewed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 19
Book Description
Use of inelastic x-ray scattering to study excitations in condensed matter systems is discussed with emphasis on complementarity with inelastic neutron scattering. In particular, studies of electronic excitations in simple metals are detailed. A long standing controversy on the role of crystalline long range order on electron dynamics at intermediate momentum transfers is resolved by comparison of response functions obtained in liquid an solid phase of Li, Na, and Al. They show that the overall shape of the response function is unchanged on melting, implying that it is not determined by the long range order of the ion cores. Conversely, orientationally independent fine structure disappears on melting and therefore must be attributed to band structure-induced transitions, not many-body effects as had previously been argued. At small q, the plasmon lifetime and dispersion remain unchanged on melting. Other experiments are also briefly reviewed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 75
Book Description
Inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS), complementary to other more established inelastic scattering probes, such as light scattering, electron scattering, and neutron scattering, is becoming an important experimental technique in the study of elementary excitations in condensed matters. Over the past decade, IXS with total energy resolution of few meV has been achieved, and is being used routinely in the study of phonon dispersions in solids and liquids as well as dynamics in disordered and biological systems. In the study of electronic excitations, IXS with total energy resolution on the order of 100 meV to 1 eV is gaining wider applications also. For example, IXS has been used to study collective excitations of valence electrons, single electron excitations of valence electrons, as well as core electron excitations. In comparison with the alternative scattering techniques mentioned above, IXS has several advantages. First, IXS probes the full momentum transfer range of the dielectric response of the sample, whereas light scattering is limited to very small momentum transfers, and electron scattering suffers the effects of multiple scattering at large momentum transfers. Second, since IXS measures the bulk properties of the sample it is not surface sensitive, therefore it does not require special preparation of the sample. The greater flexibility in sample conditions and environments makes IXS an ideal probe in the study of liquids and samples under extreme temperature, pressure, and magnetic field. Third, the tunability of synchrotron radiation sources enables IXS to exploit element specificity and resonant enhancement of scattering cross sections. Fourth, IXS is unique in the study of dynamics of liquids and amorphous solids because it can probe the particular region of energy-momentum transfer phase space, which is inaccessible to inelastic neutron scattering. On the other hand, the main disadvantages of IXS are the small cross sections and the strong absorption of x-rays in high Z elements.
Author: Eberhard Burkel Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540383514 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
Inelastic scattering of X-rays with very high energy resolution has finally become possible thanks to a new generation of high-intensity X-ray sources. This development marks the end to the traditional belief that low energy excitations like lattice vibrations cannot be resolved directly with X-rays: Inelastic scattering experiments allow to observe directly the small energy shifts of the photons. Studies of lattice vibrations, of excitations in molecular crystals, of collective excitations in liquids and electronic excitations in crystals demonstrating the broad applicability and power of this new technology are discussed in this book. The progress in this field opens up fantastic new research areas not only in physics but also in other disciplines such as materials science,biology and chemistry.
Author: Winfried Schülke Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0198510179 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 606
Book Description
This work offers the first comprehensive review of experimental methods, theory, and successful applications of synchrotron radiation based on inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy, which enables the investigation of electron dynamics in condensed matter (correlated motion and excitation).
Author: Winfried Schuelke Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191523283 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 608
Book Description
Knowledge of the dynamics of many-electron systems is of fundamental importance to all disciplines of condensed matter physics. A very effective access to electron dynamics is offered by inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy. The double differential scattering cross section for IXS is directly related to the time-dependent two-particle density correlation function, and, for large momentum and energy transfer (Compton limit) to the electron momentum distribution. Moreover, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) enables the study of electron dynamics via electronic excitations in a very selective manner (e.g. selectively spin, crystal momentum, or symmetry), so that other methods are efficaciously complemented. The progress of IXS spectroscopy is intimately related to the growing range of applications of synchrotron radiation. The aim of the book is to provide the growing community of researchers with accounts of experimental methods, instrumentation, and data analysis of IXS, with representative examples of successful applications, and with the theoretical framework for interpretations of the measurements.
Author: Eberhard J. Jaeschke Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783319143934 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Author: P. Schattschneider Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3709188660 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 205
Book Description
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (ELS) is a vast subject with a long and honorable history. The problem of stopping power for high energy particles interested the earliest pioneers of quantum mechanics such as Bohr and Bethe, who laid the theoretical foun dations of the subject. The experimental origins might perhaps be traced to the original Franck-Hertz experiment. The modern field includes topics as diverse as low energy reflection electron energy loss studies of surface vibrational modes, the spectroscopy of gases and the modern theory of plasmon excitation in crystals. For the study of ELS in electron microscopy, several historically distinct areas of physics are relevant, including the theory of the Debye Waller factor for virtual inelastic scattering, the use of complex optical potentials, lattice dynamics for crystalline specimens and the theory of atomic ionisation for isolated atoms. However the field of electron energy loss spectroscopy contains few useful texts which can be recommended for students. With the recent appearance of Raether's and Egerton's hooks (see text for references), we have for the first time both a comprehensive review text-due to Raether-and a lucid introductory text which emphasizes experimental aspects-due to Egerton. Raether's text tends to emphasize the recent work on surface plasmons, while the strength of Egerton's book is its treatment of inner shell excitations for microanalysis, based on the use of atomic wavefunctions for crystal electrons.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 15
Book Description
Recent developments in hard x-ray resonant inelastic x-ray scattering as a probe of strongly correlated systems are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to studies of Nd2CuO4. A charge transfer excitation is observed when the incident photon energy is tuned in the vicinity of the copper K-edge. It is shown that the presence of resonant enhancements is controlled by the polarization dependence of the excitation process and by the overlap between a given intermediate state and the particular excitation being studied. This latter observation has shed light on the non-local effects present in certain intermediate states.
Author: David L Ederer Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814547255 Category : Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
The Raman Emission by X-rays (REX-I) Workshop focused on Raman Scattering of x-rays mostly from Synchrotron Radiation Sources. The advent of new high brightness sources of x-ray radiation has given new impetus to this tantalizing technique that has offered ways of obtaining new insights into the atomic and electronic structure of solids and gases, but which has been limited by weak sources of excitation. In the last five years, Raman scattering by x-rays has been observed an ubiquitous phenomena. It has been applied to yield new information about the band structure of solids and about the electronic structure of atoms. It was the object of this workshop to identify and define key issues in this rapidly developing subfield of x-ray physics by gathering together a group of theorists and experimentalists, and by providing overlap between atomic and condensed matter physics. The workshop aimed to achieve this end by providing an environment to discuss the latest developments and to initiate cross fertilization in the difference areas.
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Author: Eberhard Burkel
Author: Winfried Schülke
Author: Winfried Schuelke
Author: Eberhard J. Jaeschke
Author: P. Schattschneider
Author: 
Author: David L Ederer
Author: Szabolcs Galambosi