Industry Ties with Science and Technology Policies in Developing Countries PDF Download

Author: Jack N. Behrman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Author: Etel Solingen
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804726016
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 350

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Book Description
This book suggests an innovative approach to understanding the sources of industrial policy and technological development. The conceptual sections address long-standing debates over the nature of the state and ruling coalitions, the political power of private actors, the process of international bargaining, and the determinants of technological change in the industrializing world. The empirical study constitutes the first book-length comparison of the Argentine and Brazilian nuclear programs, using a multidisciplinary approach that ranges from the broad macropolitical to the most specific microeconomic. Finally, the book provides a perspective on the nuclear sector in industrializing states that the more typical concentration on strategic aspects has obscured.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309058848
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author: Richard R. Nelson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195360435
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 554

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The slowdown of growth in Western industrialized nations in the last twenty years, along with the rise of Japan as a major economic and technological power (and enhanced technical sophistication of Taiwan, Korea, and other NICs) has led to what the authors believe to be a "techno-nationalism." This combines a strong belief that technological capabilities of a nation;s firms are a key source of their competitive process, with a belief that these capabilities are in a sense national, and can be built by national action. This book is about these national systems of technical innovation. The heart of the work contains studies of seventeen countries--from large market-oriented industrialized ones to several smaller high income ones, including a number of newly industrialized states as well. Clearly written, this work highlights institutions and mechanisms which support technical innovation, showing similarities, differences, and their sources across nations, making this work accessible to students as well as the scholars of innovation.

Author: Mark Zachary Taylor
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190464143
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 449

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Book Description
Why are some countries better than others at science and technology (S&T)? Written in an approachable style, The Politics of Innovation provides readers from all backgrounds and levels of expertise a comprehensive introduction to the debates over national S&T competitiveness. It synthesizes over fifty years of theory and research on national innovation rates, bringing together the current political and economic wisdom, and latest findings, about how nations become S&T leaders. Many experts mistakenly believe that domestic institutions and policies determine national innovation rates. However, after decades of research, there is still no agreement on precisely how this happens, exactly which institutions matter, and little aggregate evidence has been produced to support any particular explanation. Yet, despite these problems, a core faith in a relationship between domestic institutions and national innovation rates remains widely held and little challenged. The Politics of Innovation confronts head-on this contradiction between theory, evidence, and the popularity of the institutions-innovation hypothesis. It presents extensive evidence to show that domestic institutions and policies do not determine innovation rates. Instead, it argues that social networks are as important as institutions in determining national innovation rates. The Politics of Innovation also introduces a new theory of "creative insecurity" which explains how institutions, policies, and networks are all subservient to politics. It argues that, ultimately, each country's balance of domestic rivalries vs. external threats, and the ensuing political fights, are what drive S&T competitiveness. In making its case, The Politics of Innovation draws upon statistical analysis and comparative case studies of the United States, Japan, South Korea, China, Taiwan, Thailand, the Philippines, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Canada, Turkey, Israel, Russia and a dozen countries across Western Europe.

Author: Robert Evenson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000310779
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 361

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Book Description
This book presents several general theoretical notions about the process of science and technology as it relates to development. It develops the international dimension of science and technology in terms of the international exchange processes and the appropriateness and modification of technology.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373166
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 179

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Book Description
Diplomacy for the 21st Century recommends steps that the Department of State should embrace to take full advantage of the leading science and technology (S&T) capabilities of the United States. These capabilities provide the department with many opportunities to promote a variety of the interests of the United States and its allies in a rapidly changing world wherein S&T are important drivers of economic development at home and abroad and help ensure international security. This report assesses and makes recommendations concerning the changing environment for the conduct of diplomacy in the years ahead, with a focus on the role of S&T in the development and implementation of U.S. policies and programs. According to this report, prompt steps by the department's leadership are essential to ensure adequate comprehension of the importance of S&T-related developments throughout the world and to incorporate this understanding within the nation's foreign policy for the 21st century. This report also urges the adoption by the department of a broader whole-of-society approach in carrying out its responsibilities at home and abroad - extending beyond traditional interagency coordination and the narrow band of current external partners to include foundations, universities, research centers, and other groups who are extending their international reach.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309162688
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 127

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Book Description
An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309165628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135

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Book Description
An NRC ad hoc committee analyzed the current status and future development potential of Armenia's science and technology base, including human and infrastructural resources and research and educational capabilities. The committee identified those fields and institutions offering promising opportunities for contributing to economic and social development, and particularly institutions having unique and important capabilities, worthy of support from international financial institutions, private investment sources, and the Armenian and U.S. governments. The scope of the study included both pure and applied research as well as education in science-related fields. The committee's report addresses the existing capacity of state and private research institutions, higher education capabilities and trends, scientific funding sources, innovative investment models, relevant success stories, factors hindering development of the science sector, potential domestic Armenian customers for scientific results and products, and opportunities for regional scientific collaboration. An Armenian language version of the report is also available.

Author: Robert Grosse
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781139446501
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 556

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Book Description
Originally published in 2005, this book offers an outlook on relations between national governments and multinational companies that provides broad coverage of the key issues likely to determine that relationship during the twenty-first century. From the perspective of the company decision maker concerned with national regulation and incentive policies, to the host government policymaker in an emerging market, to the home government policymaker in a Triad country, each dimension is considered and analysed in light of the others. As well, additional stakeholders such as labour groups, shareholders, non-governmental organisations, local governments, and regional organisations are discussed and their impacts on the relationship are evaluated.