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Author: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman Publisher: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman ISBN: 0982897103 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
This is a path-breaking work as significant as the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs by Champollion. For nearly130 years, the Indus script has remained a challenging enigma to scholars of languages, writing systems and civilization studies. The script was invented and used over an extensive area of what is called the Indus or Sindhu-Sarasvati civilization. Over 2000 or 80% of archaeological sites are found on the Sarasvati River basin, a river adored in a very old human document called the Rigveda and which dried up due to tectonic and resulting river migration causes. In 1822, history was made when Egyptian hieroglyphs were deciphered by Jean-Francois Champollion from parts of the Rosetta Stone. Champollion showed that the Egyptian writing system, c.3000 BCE was a combination of phonetic and ideographic glyphs. The Rosetta Stone is dated196 BCE and had a decree in three versions: one in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, one in the Egyptian demotic script, and one in ancient Greek. Since alphabets of ancient Greek were known, Champollion used the trilingual inscription to validate his historic decipherment. Indus Script Cipher makes history recording hundreds of hieroglyphs of India. Absence of a Rosetta Stone which has been the principal impediment in validating any decryption of Indus script cipher is thus overcome. Further validation comes from evidences of the historical periods in India from c. 600 BCE showing continued use of Indus script hieroglyphs which evolved from c. 3300 BCE. This book details a decipherment.of the Indus script using the same rebus method used by Champollion to read ancient phonetic hieroglyphs of Indiat. By demonstrating an Indian linguistic area of cultural and language contacts and history of language changes, this is a landmark contribution to civilization studies of the world and will promote efforts to rewrite the ancient socio-cultural and economic history of a billion people in India and neighboring regions.
Author: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman Publisher: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman ISBN: 0982897103 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 468
Book Description
This is a path-breaking work as significant as the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs by Champollion. For nearly130 years, the Indus script has remained a challenging enigma to scholars of languages, writing systems and civilization studies. The script was invented and used over an extensive area of what is called the Indus or Sindhu-Sarasvati civilization. Over 2000 or 80% of archaeological sites are found on the Sarasvati River basin, a river adored in a very old human document called the Rigveda and which dried up due to tectonic and resulting river migration causes. In 1822, history was made when Egyptian hieroglyphs were deciphered by Jean-Francois Champollion from parts of the Rosetta Stone. Champollion showed that the Egyptian writing system, c.3000 BCE was a combination of phonetic and ideographic glyphs. The Rosetta Stone is dated196 BCE and had a decree in three versions: one in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, one in the Egyptian demotic script, and one in ancient Greek. Since alphabets of ancient Greek were known, Champollion used the trilingual inscription to validate his historic decipherment. Indus Script Cipher makes history recording hundreds of hieroglyphs of India. Absence of a Rosetta Stone which has been the principal impediment in validating any decryption of Indus script cipher is thus overcome. Further validation comes from evidences of the historical periods in India from c. 600 BCE showing continued use of Indus script hieroglyphs which evolved from c. 3300 BCE. This book details a decipherment.of the Indus script using the same rebus method used by Champollion to read ancient phonetic hieroglyphs of Indiat. By demonstrating an Indian linguistic area of cultural and language contacts and history of language changes, this is a landmark contribution to civilization studies of the world and will promote efforts to rewrite the ancient socio-cultural and economic history of a billion people in India and neighboring regions.
Author: S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: ISBN: 9780991104840 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
A brief overview on 6 rosetta stones & the method of Indus Script decipherment. The cipher is rebus-metonymy layered Meluhha (mleccha speech). Signs and pictorials are hieroglyph multiplexes of Indian sprachbund of Bronze Age Ancient Near East. The language of the writing system is Prakritam. Indus Script Corpora surveyed as catalogus catalogorum of metalwork include c. 7000 inscriptions along the Maritime Tin Road from Hanoi, Vietnam to Haifa, Israel. Meluhha people who created the Sheffield of Ancient Near East in Chanhu-daro, invented and used writing in the River Valleys of Sarasvati, Indus(Sindhu) rivers and Indo-Iran borderlands. An ancient document Rigveda refers to these people as Bharatam Janam who lived on the banks of Rivers Sarasvati and Sindhu. They mediated the maritime trade of tin from the Tin Belt of the world in Ancient Far East. Meluhha settlements are attested in cuneiform texts. A cylinder seal of Shu-ilishu points to an Akkadian translator needed to transact with the Meluhhan seafaring merchant. The discovery of two pure tin ingots in a shipwreck in Haifa points to the links with the Nahal Mishmar cire perdue artifacts. The continuum of the writing system is evident on hundreds of hieroglyphs of the Indus Script which continue to signify metalwork on early punch-marked coins with Kharoshti and Brahmi syllabic scripts used conjointly. Inscriptions signify metalwork catalogues on copper plates. Such inscriptions point to the possibility of printing such copper plates on tree-barks or other media for dissemination of artisans' messages. The unique hypertext formats of Indus Script Corpora provide a framework for improved cyber security and advanced encryption systems with multi-layered hieroglyph multiplexes. Successful decipherment points to the need for re-evaluating the formation and evolution of Ancient Indian languages. Austro-asiatic, Indo-Aryan and Dravidian speakers seem to have formed an Indian sprachbund (speech union) during the early Bronze Age as evidenced by the many metalwork glosses present in all these language streams. The presence of Sivalinga in Harappa and of over 80% of the archaeological settlements on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati, the tradition of wearing sindhur (vermilion) at the parting of the hair by married women, wearing turbinella pyrum (sankha) bangles, persons seated in penance yoga postures attest to the continuum of Sarasvati-Sindhu Civilization into the historical periods of ancient India. What Geoerge Coedes calls in his work Histoire ancienne des etats hindouises d'Extreme Orient,1944 is an attestation of the dharma-dhamma as the founding principles of state formation in India and in the Far East. Further researchers into the Maritime Tin Road from Hanoi, Vietnam exemplified by Dong Son Bronze Drums and the 3rd millennium BCE Bronze Age site of Bon Chiang will be significant contributions to archaeometallurgical studies to further evaluate the nature of the tin-bronze revolution achieved from 3rd millennium BCE. The contours of the Indian sprachbund (speech union) have to be further outlined by comparative and historical studies in Indo-European linguistics and Chandas of Vedic times in relation to mleccha (meluhha) speech or vaak. The presence of ancu of Tocharian as a cognate of ams'u (synonym of Soma) in Rigveda points to the oral transmissions of knowledge systems and Vedic heritage across Eurasia. The narrative of Soma has not yet been fully told; it is clear that Soma is in nuce in the ancient human document, the Rigveda. A tree associated with smelter and linga from Bhuteshwar, Mathura Museum. Architectural fragment with relief showing winged dwarfs (or gaNa) worshipping with flower garlands, Siva Linga. Bhuteshwar, ca. 2nd cent BCE. The decipherment of Indus Script reinforces the essential semantic unity of all ancient languages of India and the common cultural thread of dharma-dhamma which runs through the historical narratives of Bharatam Ja"
Author: S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: ISBN: 9780991104833 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 804
Book Description
Who were the ancient people who created the script and what purpose did it serve? 1. The creators of the script are Meluhhans, ancestors of present-day people of India. 2. The script catalogs Bronze Age metalwork and trade. 3. Indus Script inscriptions are the earliest examples of use of catalogs in civilizational history in Eurasia necessitated by metalwork in great demand during those times, about 5,600 years before present (BP). The book announces a decipherment of Indus Script based on detailed transcription, reading and translation of about 2000 inscriptions. It reports a discovery that the writing system relates to metalwork and trade by Sarasvati Sindhu (Hindu) civilization artisans of Ancient India. The work is a tribute to the ancient metalworking artisans of India of 4th millennium BCE, who invented an early writing system of mlecchita vikalpa, now called Indus Script. Mlecchita vikalpa was listed as one of 64 arts and a part of the educational curriculum of Ancient India. The book is a narrative of metallurgical technologies in Ancient India during the Bronze Age, an evolution of 'coppersmiths' (cimara) into 'lost wax casting' smiths (dhokra) working with a variety of alloys. Meluhha hieroglyphs document Bronze Age trade on Tin Road from Malhar, Uttar Pradesh, India to Haifa, an ancient port of Israel. The script transcribes Proto-Indian speech of Meluhha (mleccha) language glosses. Rebus cipher -- homonymous glosses of Meluhha -- provide plaintext readings of hieroglyphs and prove that ciphertext rebus renderings detail traded resources and processes of Bronze Age, mostly stone, mineral, metal and alloyed artifacts as catalogs in Meluhha language. Meluhha lapidaries who worked with shells, carnelian or agate or lapis lazuli to create drilled beads could do metalwok smelting other metallic stones which were mineral ores and metallic compounds. Bronze Age necessitated a writing system to document the quantum leap in technological complexity of casting techniques using metallic stones, in smelters, to produce new resources of metalware, ingots, and hard alloys of copper, tin, zinc, arsenical bronze, tin bronze, brass, pewter, iron, lead, gold or silver. One such alloy was documented in a hieroglyph composition and Meluhha cipher using a backbone-spine metaphor. A remarkable semantic unity among present-day Indian languages is established traceable to the days of Sarasvati Sindhu (Hindu) civilization ca 4th millennium BCE. Many glosses identified by the deciphered Meluhha Indus Script hieroglyphs are demonstrated in the lexical repertoire of all Indian languages validating a hypothesis that Meluhha-Mleccha was the fountain-spring of Indian sprachbund and a veritable parole, lingua franca of the nation founded by the organized brilliance of the Bronze Age experts like smelters, artisans - metal- and stone-workers, stone-cutters, inventors of new metal alloys, cire perdue casting experts, and traders. This semantic unity of Indian sprachbund from Bronze Age days, explains why anyone of the present-day glosses from any one of the Indian languages adequately explains and validates Meluhha rebus cipher. Two contentious academic debates on identities of Meluhha speakers and details of language spoken by ancient artisans and traders providing the foundation of Indian sprachbund are resolved: 1.Meluhha speakers were Bronze Age artisans whose products were traded in Ancient Near East and Fertile crescent. They are exemplified by later-day legatees called Asur of Chattisgarh and Assur of Ancient Near East. 2. Meluhha language was the lingua franca of ancient India. Vedic was a version of this language in poetic diction called chandas of Indian sprachbund. Thus, the roots for hundreds of glosses of present-day languages of India of over one billion people are traced back in millennia to rebus ciphertexts of Meluhha hieroglyphs as trade documents of Bronze Age-calling cards of seafaring artisans (on sangada).
Author: S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781728806570 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
Evidence from a pot held in a market street of Mohenjo-daro and a pot received in Susa from Meluhha provide the clue to understand the function of Indus Script Inscriptions. All inscriptions were wealth-accounting ledgers, metalwork catalogues.
Author: S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: ISBN: 9780982897188 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 574
Book Description
Based on corpora of Indus writing and a dictionary, the book validates Aristotle's insight on writing systems. Indus writing is composed using symbols of spoken words. The symbols are hieroglyphs of meluhha (mleccha) words spoken by artisans recording the repertoire of stone, mineral and metal workers. The writing results in a set of catalogs of metalworking of bronze age. Evidence of this competence in metallurgy which evolved from 4th millennium BCE of bronze age, is provided in corpora of metalware catalogs and a dictionary of melluhha (mleccha). Indus writing was a principal tool of economic administration for account-keeping by artisan and trader guilds and did not record literature or, history. Some sacred ideas and historical links across interaction areas between India and ancient Near East, may be inferred from the writing.
Author: Asko Parpola Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521795661 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Of the writing systems of the ancient world which still await deciphering, the Indus script is the most important. It developed in the Indus or Harappan Civilization, which flourished c. 2500-1900 BC in and around modern Pakistan, collapsing before the earliest historical records of South Asia were composed. Nearly 4,000 samples of the writing survive, mainly on stamp seals and amulets, but no translations. Professor Parpola is the chief editor of the Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions. His ideas about the script, the linguistic affinity of the Harappan language, and the nature of the Indus religion are informed by a remarkable command of Aryan, Dravidian, and Mesopotamian sources, archaeological materials, and linguistic methodology. His fascinating study confirms that the Indus script was logo-syllabic, and that the Indus language belonged to the Dravidian family.
Author: S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781541274921 Category : Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
The thesis is organized in the following sections and posits that Meluhha language speakers followed the spiritual values of Veda cultural traditions, used Harappa Script inscriptions to create data archives of metalwork, accounting for Bronze Age trade transactions 1. Pre-Sanskrit civilization of Meluhha speakers. Harappa Script is hieroglyphic in nature and decipherment can be attempted the way Egyptian hieroglyphs were decrypted 2. Preparation for the decipherment attempt 3. Methodology developed --Harappa Script is mlecchita vikalpa cryptography, uses rebus method of substitution 4. Steps of the Decipherment with illustrations 5. Decipherment. Instances of the decipherment covering all aspects of the matter deciphered. 6. Harappa Script Decipherment in the context of wealth creation, evidenced by Archaeometallurgy 7. Conclusion & Executive Summary 8. Some select Critical comments on the decipherment by other leading experts 9. List of Harappa Script 'text signs' Select inscriptions of Harappa Script Corpora include thumbnail images.
Author: Prabhunath Hembrom Publisher: Notion Press ISBN: 1646787293 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
Scientists discover Y-DNA haplogroups O2a and mt-DNA haplogroup M4a in the Rakhigarhi ancient DNA. These haplogroups are associated with the speakers of Austro-Asiatic languages such as Mundari, Santali and Khasi. These haplogroups and related languages are also present in Southeast Asia. In India, speakers of these languages are currently found mostly in Central and East India. Even though a prominent philologist of Harvard University, Mr. Michael Witzel, has argued the case for a language close to Munda (which he calls para-Mundari) being one of the languages of the erstwhile Indus Valley, a finding of this nature will come as a surprise to most others. So if the genetics do find haplogroups O and M4a in Rakhigarhi, some of our current understanding of Indian history may have to be revised. Tony Joseph in The Hindu, December 23, 2017
Author: Deo Prakash Sharma Publisher: ISBN: Category : Indus civilization Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Author Concluded Harappan Script Was Proto Brahmi And Their Languages Were Proto Dravidian Brahui And Laukik Sanskrit. The More Positive Chapter Is On Catalogue Of Indus Seals And Identification Of Harappan Script Sign. Author Contradicted Pre Conceived Idea Of Only Dravidian Language Theory. Author Prefers Name Of South Asian Civilization For This Earliest Civilization Of South Asian Region. Unique Contribution Of Author Is Identification Of Inscribed Double Headed Siva Kalibangan.
Author: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman
Author: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman
Author: Srinivasan Kalyanaraman
Author: S. Kalyanaraman
Author: S. Kalyanaraman
Author: S. Kalyanaraman
Author: S. Kalyanaraman
Author: Asko Parpola
Author: S. Kalyanaraman
Author: Prabhunath Hembrom
Author: Deo Prakash Sharma