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Author: David Samuel Blum Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Extensive evidence from various astrophysical observations suggests that most of the matter in the universe is dark matter. However, the nature of dark matter is still unknown and remains one of the most prominent unanswered questions in physics today. A potential way to search for dark matter is the indirect dark matter search with neutrinos. It is based on the hypothesis that dark matter particles self-annihilate into neutrinos. This would result in a neutrino flux, which could be measured by neutrino detectors at Earth. In case of no excess signal is observed, a limit on the dark matter self-annihilation cross section can be set. The future neutrino detectors JUNO and THEIA can search for dark matter, especially for light dark matter particles with masses ranging from MeV to GeV. The search for such light dark matter particles has gained in importance in the last years as it extends the typical WIMP search to the sub-GeV mass range. In this work, the sensitivities of JUNO and THEIA to measure neutrinos from dark matter self-annihilation in the Milky Way as an excess over backgrounds are determined in detail for the first time. The work focuses on direct self-annihilation of light dark matter particles with masses ranging from 15 MeV to 100 MeV into neutrino-antineutrino pairs. The expected electron antineutrino signal measured through the inverse beta decay (IBD) reaction and all background contributions occurring in the visible energy region from 10 MeV to 100 MeV are determined for both detectors. To effectively reduce IBD-like background events of atmospheric neutrinos interacting via neutral current and of fast neutrons in JUNO, pulse shape discrimination is studied and applied in this work. THEIA would feature the separate measurement of Cherenkov and scintillation light. As a consequence, selection cuts on the ratio of measured Cherenkov to scintillation light and on the number of reconstructed Cherenkov rings are determined in this work, which can suppress atmospheric neutral current and fast neutron background events in THEIA with high efficiency. The sensitivities of JUNO and THEIA are determined using a Bayesian analysis and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling for dark matter masses ranging from 15 MeV to 100 MeV. JUNO will achieve the highest sensitivity for indirect dark matter search with neutrinos among existing neutrino detectors and will take a leading role in the indirect dark matter search in the upcoming years. The results of this work show for the first time that JUNO will improve the best currently existing 90 % C.L. upper limit of neutrino detectors on the dark matter self-annihilation cross section by a factor of 2 to 9 for 10 years of data taking. JUNO's potential to discover an electron antineutrino signal from dark matter self-annihilation in the Milky Way as an excess over backgrounds will be between 3 sigma and 5 sigma for most dark matter masses from 15 MeV to 100 MeV assuming an annihilation cross section that corresponds to the 90 % C.L. upper limit on the annihilation cross section of Super-K. This work moreover demonstrates that THEIA, if realized, could achieve a sensitivity comparable to JUNO.
Author: David Samuel Blum Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Extensive evidence from various astrophysical observations suggests that most of the matter in the universe is dark matter. However, the nature of dark matter is still unknown and remains one of the most prominent unanswered questions in physics today. A potential way to search for dark matter is the indirect dark matter search with neutrinos. It is based on the hypothesis that dark matter particles self-annihilate into neutrinos. This would result in a neutrino flux, which could be measured by neutrino detectors at Earth. In case of no excess signal is observed, a limit on the dark matter self-annihilation cross section can be set. The future neutrino detectors JUNO and THEIA can search for dark matter, especially for light dark matter particles with masses ranging from MeV to GeV. The search for such light dark matter particles has gained in importance in the last years as it extends the typical WIMP search to the sub-GeV mass range. In this work, the sensitivities of JUNO and THEIA to measure neutrinos from dark matter self-annihilation in the Milky Way as an excess over backgrounds are determined in detail for the first time. The work focuses on direct self-annihilation of light dark matter particles with masses ranging from 15 MeV to 100 MeV into neutrino-antineutrino pairs. The expected electron antineutrino signal measured through the inverse beta decay (IBD) reaction and all background contributions occurring in the visible energy region from 10 MeV to 100 MeV are determined for both detectors. To effectively reduce IBD-like background events of atmospheric neutrinos interacting via neutral current and of fast neutrons in JUNO, pulse shape discrimination is studied and applied in this work. THEIA would feature the separate measurement of Cherenkov and scintillation light. As a consequence, selection cuts on the ratio of measured Cherenkov to scintillation light and on the number of reconstructed Cherenkov rings are determined in this work, which can suppress atmospheric neutral current and fast neutron background events in THEIA with high efficiency. The sensitivities of JUNO and THEIA are determined using a Bayesian analysis and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling for dark matter masses ranging from 15 MeV to 100 MeV. JUNO will achieve the highest sensitivity for indirect dark matter search with neutrinos among existing neutrino detectors and will take a leading role in the indirect dark matter search in the upcoming years. The results of this work show for the first time that JUNO will improve the best currently existing 90 % C.L. upper limit of neutrino detectors on the dark matter self-annihilation cross section by a factor of 2 to 9 for 10 years of data taking. JUNO's potential to discover an electron antineutrino signal from dark matter self-annihilation in the Milky Way as an excess over backgrounds will be between 3 sigma and 5 sigma for most dark matter masses from 15 MeV to 100 MeV assuming an annihilation cross section that corresponds to the 90 % C.L. upper limit on the annihilation cross section of Super-K. This work moreover demonstrates that THEIA, if realized, could achieve a sensitivity comparable to JUNO.
Author: Guido Altarelli Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540449019 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reviews the current state of knowledge of neutrino masses and the related question of neutrino oscillations. After an overview of the theory of neutrino masses and mixings, detailed accounts are given of the laboratory limits on neutrino masses, astrophysical and cosmological constraints on those masses, experimental results on neutrino oscillations, the theoretical interpretation of those results, and theoretical models of neutrino masses and mixings. The book concludes with an examination of the potential of long-baseline experiments. This is an essential reference text for workers in elementary-particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics.
Author: P.K.F. Grieder Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080530052 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1117
Book Description
In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Author: Rouven Essig Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030315932 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 168
Book Description
Based on a Simons Symposium held in 2018, the proceedings in this volume focus on the theoretical, numerical, and observational quest for dark matter in the universe. Present ground-based and satellite searches have so far severely constrained the long-proposed theoretical models for dark matter. Nevertheless, there is continuously growing astrophysical and cosmological evidence for its existence. To address present and future developments in the field, novel ideas, theories, and approaches are called for. The symposium gathered together a new generation of experts pursuing innovative, more complex theories of dark matter than previously considered.This is being done hand in hand with experts in numerical astrophysical simulations and observational techniques—all paramount for deciphering the nature of dark matter. The proceedings volume provides coverage of the most advanced stage of understanding dark matter in various new frameworks. The collection will be useful for graduate students, postdocs, and investigators interested in cutting-edge research on one of the biggest mysteries of our universe.
Author: Gordon Kane Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 9814495824 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Supersymmetry is at an exciting stage of development. It extends the Standard Model of particle physics into a more powerful theory that both explains more and allows more questions to be addressed. Most important, it opens a window for studying and testing fundamental theories at the Planck scale. Experimentally we are finally entering the intensity and energy regions where superpartners are likely to be detected, and then studied. There has been progress in understanding the remarkable physics implications of supersymmetry, including the derivation of the Higgs mechanism, the unification of the Standard Model forces, cosmological connections such as a candidate for the cold dark matter of the universe and the scalar fields that drive inflation and their potential, the relationship to Planck scale theories, and more.While there are a number of reviews and books where the mathematical structure and uses of supersymmetry can be learned, there are few where the particle physics is the main focus. This book fills that gap. It begins with an excellent pedagogical introduction to the physics and methods and formalism of supersymmetry, by S Martin, which is accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of the Standard Model of particle physics. Next is an overview of open questions by K Dienes and C Kolda, followed by chapters on topics ranging from how to detect superpartners to connections with Planck scale theories, by leading experts.This invaluable book will allow any interested physicist to understand the coming experimental and theoretical progress in supersymmetry, and will also help students and workers to quickly learn new aspects of supersymmetry they want to pursue.
Author: Edward Kolb Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429972490 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 399
Book Description
The Early Universe has become the standard reference on forefront topics in cosmology, particularly to the early history of the Universe. Subjects covered include primordial nubleosynthesis, baryogenesis, phases transitions, inflation, dark matter, and galaxy formation, relics such as axions, neutrinos and monopoles, and speculations about the Universe at the Planck time. The book includes more than ninety figures as well as a five-page update discussing recent developments such as the COBE results.
Author: Fernando Ferroni Publisher: IOS Press ISBN: 1607500388 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
"This volume offers a valuable insight into various aspects of the ongoing work directed at measuring neutrino mass. It took twenty years to refute the assertions of Bethe and Peierls that neutrinos were not observable, but it has since been realised that much can be learnt from these particles. The moral is, as Fiorini argues here, that the study of neutrinos was and remains demanding but rewarding. Subjects addressed in this volume include: clarifying the meaning of the Klapdor-Kleingrothaus results, probing the Majorana nature of neutrinos, observing lepton number violating effects for the first time, studying the end point of the spectrum in the search for neutrino masses and speculating whether it is possible to measure neutrino masses in cosmology. Lectures are enriched with rich historical overviews and valuable introductory material. Attention is also given to theoretical topics such as the evolution of the concept of mass in particle physics, a status report on neutrino oscillations and current discussion on neutrino masses. The reader is further reminded that neutrino masses may also have some bearing on the very origin of the matter among us, and have many deep links with other important lines of current physics research." --Book Jacket.
Author: Alexander Merle Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers ISBN: 1681744821 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
This book is a new look at one of the hottest topics in contemporary science, Dark Matter. It is the pioneering text dedicated to sterile neutrinos as candidate particles for Dark Matter, challenging some of the standard assumptions which may be true for some Dark Matter candidates but not for all. So, this can be seen either as an introduction to a specialized topic or an out-of-the-box introduction to the field of Dark Matter in general. No matter if you are a theoretical particle physicist, an observational astronomer, or a ground based experimentalist, no matter if you are a grad student or an active researcher, you can benefit from this text, for a simple reason: a non-standard candidate for Dark Matter can teach you a lot about what we truly know about our standard picture of how the Universe works.
Author: David Samuel Blum
Author: David Samuel Blum
Author: Guido Altarelli
Author: Gianfranco Bertone
Author: P.K.F. Grieder
Author: Rouven Essig
Author: Gordon Kane
Author: Edward Kolb
Author: J. Thanh Van Tran
Author: Fernando Ferroni
Author: Alexander Merle