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Author: David Ballin Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
The proliferation resistance of a reprocessing facility can be improved by using a novel detection system that utilizes the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) phenomenon to determine the isotopic composition of materials flowing through the plant. In an aqueous reprocessing facility, the waste stream was identified as a weak point for proliferation resistance. By identifying the isotopic composition of the waste stream and monitoring levels of plutonium and uranium, greater accountancy can be maintained. After the detection system was designed, a probabilistic risk assessment method was used to evaluate the added proliferation resistance afforded by the NRF detection system and the overall proliferation resistance of the reprocessing facility to a diversion of a small quantity of material from the waste stream by two individuals. The overall probability of success for a proliferator to divert materials from a reprocessing facility utilizing an NRF detection system is 8.73* 10-5. This is a decrease, from 3.39* 104, over the probability of success for the proliferator if the NRF detection system is not present. This decrease in proliferator success probability demonstrates and increased proliferation resistance of the reprocessing facility. The NRF detection system is shown to increase the proliferation resistance of the reprocessing facility.
Author: David Ballin Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
The proliferation resistance of a reprocessing facility can be improved by using a novel detection system that utilizes the nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) phenomenon to determine the isotopic composition of materials flowing through the plant. In an aqueous reprocessing facility, the waste stream was identified as a weak point for proliferation resistance. By identifying the isotopic composition of the waste stream and monitoring levels of plutonium and uranium, greater accountancy can be maintained. After the detection system was designed, a probabilistic risk assessment method was used to evaluate the added proliferation resistance afforded by the NRF detection system and the overall proliferation resistance of the reprocessing facility to a diversion of a small quantity of material from the waste stream by two individuals. The overall probability of success for a proliferator to divert materials from a reprocessing facility utilizing an NRF detection system is 8.73* 10-5. This is a decrease, from 3.39* 104, over the probability of success for the proliferator if the NRF detection system is not present. This decrease in proliferator success probability demonstrates and increased proliferation resistance of the reprocessing facility. The NRF detection system is shown to increase the proliferation resistance of the reprocessing facility.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of variations of the Light Water Reactor (LWR) Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) and fast reactor reprocessing cooling time on a Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) assuming a single-tier fuel cycle scenario. The results from this study show the effects of different cooling times on the SFR's transuranic (TRU) conversion ratio (CR) and transuranic fuel enrichment. Also, the decay heat, gamma heat and neutron emission of the SFR's fresh fuel charge were evaluated. A 1000 MWth commercial-scale SFR design was selected as the baseline in this study. Both metal and oxide CR=0.50 SFR designs are investigated.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: ISBN: 9789201189103 Category : Environmental sampling Languages : en Pages : 146
Book Description
The 1990s saw significant developments in the global non-proliferation landscape, resulting in a new period of safeguards development. The current publication, which is the second revision and update of IAEA/NVS/1, is intended to give a full and balanced description of the safeguards techniques and equipment used for nuclear material accountancy, containment and surveillance measures, environmental sampling, and data security. New features include a section on new and novel technologies. As new verification measures continue to be developed, the material in this book will be reviewed periodically and updated versions issued.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN: 9789201450104 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 108
Book Description
This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Author: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Publisher: United Nations ISBN: 9210600029 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
This report assesses the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. Scientific findings underpin radiation risk evaluation and international protection standards. This report comprises a report with two underpinning scientific annexes. The first annex recapitulates and clarifies the philosophy of science as well as the scientific knowledge for attributing observed health effects in individuals and populations to radiation exposure, and distinguishes between that and inferring risk to individuals and populations from an exposure. The second annex reviews the latest thinking and approaches to quantifying the uncertainties in assessments of risk from radiation exposure, and illustrates these approaches with application to examples that are highly pertinent to radiation protection.
Author: Thomas J. Dolan Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1447155564 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 816
Book Description
Magnetic Fusion Technology describes the technologies that are required for successful development of nuclear fusion power plants using strong magnetic fields. These technologies include: • magnet systems, • plasma heating systems, • control systems, • energy conversion systems, • advanced materials development, • vacuum systems, • cryogenic systems, • plasma diagnostics, • safety systems, and • power plant design studies. Magnetic Fusion Technology will be useful to students and to specialists working in energy research.
Author: Johannes Lehmann Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136571205 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 450
Book Description
Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Author: Vitaly Fedchenko Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198736649 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.
Author: David Ballin Smith
Author: David Ballin Smith
Author: 
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)
Author: 
Author: Thomas J. Dolan
Author: 
Author: Johannes Lehmann
Author: Vitaly Fedchenko