Author: Sheldon DanzigerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income distribution
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
Income Transfers and Poverty in the 1980s
Author: Sheldon DanzigerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income distribution
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Book Description
Poverty Trends, 1980-88
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9781568064949
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Book Description
An analysis of trends in the size and composition of the poverty population in recent years. examines major subgroups of the poverty population, trends in their size, and explanantions for these trends.
A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicinePublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309483980
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 619
Book Description
The strengths and abilities children develop from infancy through adolescence are crucial for their physical, emotional, and cognitive growth, which in turn help them to achieve success in school and to become responsible, economically self-sufficient, and healthy adults. Capable, responsible, and healthy adults are clearly the foundation of a well-functioning and prosperous society, yet America's future is not as secure as it could be because millions of American children live in families with incomes below the poverty line. A wealth of evidence suggests that a lack of adequate economic resources for families with children compromises these children's ability to grow and achieve adult success, hurting them and the broader society. A Roadmap to Reducing Child Poverty reviews the research on linkages between child poverty and child well-being, and analyzes the poverty-reducing effects of major assistance programs directed at children and families. This report also provides policy and program recommendations for reducing the number of children living in poverty in the United States by half within 10 years.
Poverty and Prosperity in the USA in the Late Twentieth Century
Author: Dimitri B. PapadimitriouPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Income distribution
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Book Description
Conditional Cash Transfers
Author: Ariel FiszbeinPublisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821373536
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 384
Book Description
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs aim to reduce poverty by making welfare programs conditional upon the receivers' actions. That is, the government only transfers the money to persons who meet certain criteria. These criteria may include enrolling children into public schools, getting regular check-ups at the doctor's office, receiving vaccinations, or the like. They have been hailed as a way of reducing inequality and helping households break out of a vicious cycle whereby poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. Do these and other claims make sense? Are they supported by the available empirical evidence? This volume seeks to answer these and other related questions. Specifically, it lays out a conceptual framework for thinking about the economic rationale for CCTs; it reviews the very rich evidence that has accumulated on CCTs; it discusses how the conceptual framework and the evidence on impacts should inform the design of CCT programs in practice; and it discusses how CCTs fit in the context of broader social policies. The authors show that there is considerable evidence that CCTs have improved the lives of poor people and argue that conditional cash transfers have been an effective way of redistributing income to the poor. They also recognize that even the best-designed and managed CCT cannot fulfill all of the needs of a comprehensive social protection system. They therefore need to be complemented with other interventions, such as workfare or employment programs, and social pensions.
Income Inequality, Welfare, and Poverty
Author: Nanak KakwaniPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
Book Description
The standard of living in Ukraine increased significantly in the 1980s, and income inequality declined. But in 1991-92 income inequality and poverty increased again, partly because government benefits went more to richer families than to those in need.Ukraine is now faced with economic crisis on an unprecedented scale. The government has to follow rigorous demand management policies, which entail lowering the population's standard of living. To design policies that protect the poorest and most vulnerable groups in the society, it is important to understand the nature of poverty and income inequality.Kakwani addresses the following questions: What is the extent of income inequality and is it increasing? How can observed changes in inequality be explained? Is the burden of income tax evenly distributed across the population?The Ukrainian data base is far from satisfactory, so Kakwani's findings are only tentative. Among them:- The standard of living increased significantly in the late 1980s, then fell in the 1990s. Real per capita family income grew by an average 7 percent in 1989-90, then fell about 24 percent in 1991-92. Per capita income for families dependent on government transfers fell by more than one-half.- Income inequality declined in the 1980s, to rise again in 1991-92. In particular, the family incomes of state and collective farm workers - relative to industrial workers - improved between 1980 and 1991. The increase in inequality that occurred in 1991-92 came about, among other reasons, because government benefits tended to be redistributed to richer families, not those in need.Poverty in Ukraine declined over the period 1980-91, from 38 percent of the population to 9 percent. But in 1992, 30 percent of the population was poor again, an alarming increase attributable both to a decline in real per capita income and an increase in income inequality. Still, income inequality was lower in Ukraine than in most other former republics of the Soviet Union.This paper - a product of the Transition Economics Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a research project on income distribution and poverty during transition.
Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction
Author: K. SubbaraoPublisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Book Description
The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty
Author: David BradyPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199914052
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 937
Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.
Census and Designation of Poverty and Income
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. Subcommittee on Census and PopulationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic assistance, Domestic
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Book Description
Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy
Author: Branko Milanovi?Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821339947
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.