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Author: Nolan M. McCarty Publisher: A E I Press ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
What kinds of considerations have historically had an important influence on congressional voting patterns? This analysis demonstrates that income redistribution implications have had a strong and persistent effect on national policy.
Author: Nolan M. McCarty Publisher: A E I Press ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
What kinds of considerations have historically had an important influence on congressional voting patterns? This analysis demonstrates that income redistribution implications have had a strong and persistent effect on national policy.
Author: Bruce A. Campbell Publisher: University of Texas Press ISBN: 0292739974 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 365
Book Description
To have a voice in shaping government policy has been a goal of the American people since the nation's founding. Yet, government seems even less accessible now than in the past. An increasing rate of incumbency in Congress, the unwieldy committee system that controls legislation, and the decline of political parties have all weakened representation and alienated Americans from the seat of power. The one remaining way to produce major and coherent change in national policy is through partisan realignment—a sharp, enduring shift in voter support of the two major parties. This book is about the phenomenon of realignment in American politics. It not only brings together and assesses previous work in the area but also breaks new ground in the analysis of the effects of realignment on political elites and public policy. In addition, it is the first study to present an integrated theory of realignment that can be applied to the understanding of mass, elite, and policy change in times of social crisis. Contributors include Lawrence McMichael, David Nexon, Louis Seagull, Robert Lehnen, Philip Converse, Gregory Markus, Lester Seligman, Michael King, David Brady, Kenneth Meier, Kenneth Kramer, David Adamany, Charles Stewart, Susan Hansen, and the editors.Bruce A. Campbell taught political science at the University of Georgia. He is the author of The American Electorate.
Author: Nathan J. Kelly Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139475525 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 203
Book Description
This book revolves around one central question: do political dynamics have a systematic and predictable influence on distributional outcomes in the United States? The answer is a resounding yes. Utilizing data from mass income surveys, elite surveys and aggregate time series, as well as theoretical insights from both American and comparative politics, Kelly shows that income inequality is a fundamental part of the US macro political system. Shifts in public opinion, party control of government and the ideological direction of policy all have important consequences for distributional outcomes. Specifically, shifts to the left produce reductions in inequality through two mechanisms - explicit redistribution and market conditioning. Whereas many previous studies focus only on the distributional impact of redistribution, this book shows that such a narrow strategy is misguided. In fact, market mechanisms matter far more than traditional redistribution in translating macro political shifts into distributional outcomes.
Author: Melissa Ziegler Rogers Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135936099 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
Numerous scholars have noticed that certain political institutions, including federalism, majoritarian electoral systems, and presidentialism, are linked to lower levels of income redistribution. This book offers a political geography explanation for those observed patterns. Each of these institutions is strongly shaped by geography and provides incentives for politicians to target their appeals and government resources to localities. Territorialized institutions also shape citizens’ preferences in ways that can undermine the national coalition in favor of redistribution. Moreover, territorial institutions increase the number of veto points in which anti-redistributive actors can constrain reform efforts. These theoretical connections between the politics of place and redistributive outcomes are explored in theory, empirical analysis, and case studies of the USA, Germany, and Argentina.
Author: Gordon Tullock Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
While income redistribution is one of the most important functions of modern governments, the world has changed greatly since this first edition of Economics of Income Redistribution was published in 1983. Pension systems and medical programs are in a state of crisis in many parts of the world and the general political mood is shifting away from income redistribution. Economics of Income Redistribution (2nd edition) brings this work up to date by discussing the economic and political aspects of income redistribution. It examines the classical moral objective of redistribution to assist the poor, as well as income transfer for pensions, education and intra-family gift giving.
Author: William Patrick Marble Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The three papers comprising this dissertation investigate how economic conditions affect American politics. I pay particular attention to the politics of individual issue areas, drawing on theory from political economy and public opinion research. In the first paper, I address growing realignment along educational lines in American politics. Just as the returns to a college degree have increased in recent decades, the voting behavior of those with and without college degrees has changed. Working class white voters -- long a key Democratic constituency -- have turned to the Republican Party in recent decades. Meanwhile, the Democratic Party increasingly draws its support from college-educated white voters and racial minorities. Using survey data from 1984 to 2020 and an issue voting framework, I show that this realignment corresponds with three trends. First, while college-educated white voters have long been more liberal on cultural issues, they are now also more liberal than those without college degrees on issues of redistribution. Across a variety of issues, college-educated voters now stand to the left of the working class, pushing them toward the Democratic Party. Second, I exploit variation in local labor markets to show that growing income inequality between college- and non-college workers has contributed to the leftward economic shift of college-educated voters. Third, since the early 2000s, non-college voters have come to base their votes on cultural issues to the same degree as college-educated voters. For decades, cultural issues have pushed college-educated voters towards Democrats; however, only in recent years have those issues pushed non-college voters toward Republicans. In sum, the educational realignment among white voters is due to increasingly liberalism among the college-educated and an increased salience of cultural issues for those without college degrees. This finding has implications for the politics of redistribution, fiscal policy, and populism. In the second paper, I investigate the effect that local economic conditions have on candidates' campaign messaging. While local economies are diverging, political behavior appears to have nationalized -- potentially presenting an accountability problem if politicians are not responsive to the conditions within their districts. I draw on televised campaign advertisements to measure the issues that congressional candidates prioritize in their campaigns, and relate them to local labor market conditions. Despite growing political nationalization, I find that candidates are responsive to the economic conditions that their constituents face. Candidates in high-unemployment areas focus their campaigns on jobs and employment, while decreasing emphasis on the safety net. The magnitude of these effects varies by party in a way consistent with strategic issue emphasis. These findings suggest that economic geography helps to constrain political nationalization. The final paper, co-authored with Clayton Nall, studies the politics of local housing development -- a policy area made more important by rising geographic inequality. In high-opportunity metro areas -- which are often liberal on matters of national politics -- local political constraints on housing construction increase home prices. This affordability problem benefits current homeowners at the expense of lower-income renters, who may be priced out of the nation's most productive regions. We investigate the cross-pressuring that liberal homeowners may experience on matters of local land use. We find that self-interest, rather than ideology, structures citizens' attitudes toward building more housing. Liberal homeowners tend to oppose housing development, even when reminded of the benefits for poorer families. In contrast, renters of all political orientations show much higher support for new housing construction. This finding suggests that local governments, which are often beholden to incumbent homeowners, are unlikely to solve the affordability crisis on their own. Moreover, it suggests that public opinion over local policies -- which often present large, easily identifiable consequences -- do not map neatly onto national-level political ideology.
Author: David W. Brady Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 0804745714 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 574
Book Description
This book argues that, despite the scholarly emphasis on 20th-century congressional history, it is necessary to study the nation's first 150 years in order to understand more fully the evolution and functioning of the modern Congress.
Author: Daniel Cohen Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191045675 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
This book is an in-depth discussion of rising inequalities in the western world. It explores the extent to which rising inequalities are the mechanical consequence of changes in economic fundamentals (such as changes in technological or demographic parameters), and to what extent they are the contingent consequences of country-specific and time-specific changes in institutions. Both the 'fundamentalist' view and the 'institutionalist' view have some relevance. For instance, the decline of traditional manufacturing employment since the 1970s has been associated in every developed country with a rise of labor-market inequality (the inequality of labor earnings within the working-age population has gone up in all countries), which lends support to the fundamentalist view. But, on the other hand, everybody agrees that institutional differences (minimum wage, collective bargaining, tax and transfer policy, etc.) between Continental European countries and Anglo-Saxon countries explain why disposable income inequality trajectories have been so different in those two groups of countries during the 1980s-90s, which lends support to the institutionalist view. The chapters in this volume show the strength of both views. Through empirical evidence and new theoretical insights the contributors argue that institutions always play a crucial role in shaping inequalities, and sometimes preventing them, but that inequalities across age, sex, and skills often recur. From Sweden to Spain and Portugal, from Italy to Japan and the USA, the volume explores the diversity of the interplay between market forces and institutions.
Author: Nolan M. McCarty
Author: Nolan M. McCarty
Author: Bruce A. Campbell
Author: Nathan J. Kelly
Author: Melissa Ziegler Rogers
Author: Gordon Tullock
Author: Gary H. Brooks
Author: William Patrick Marble
Author: Rosa Mulé
Author: David W. Brady
Author: Daniel Cohen