Author: Publisher: Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
Contract for Professional Services Between the United States of America and Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion Y Ensenanza
Author: Publisher: Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Book Description
Malnutrition and Poverty in Guatemala
Author: Michele GragnolatiPublisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Equality
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
The objective of this paper is to document the extent and distribution of child and adult malnutrition in Guatemala; to analyze the relationship between selected child, maternal, household and community characteristics and children's nutritional status; and to outline the implications of the most important findings for nutritional policy. The prevalence of chronic malnutrition among Guatemalan children in 2000 was the highest in Latin America and among the highest in the world. The data show very strong socioeconomic and geographic inequality. The econometric analysis reveals a strong impact of income and of intergenerational effects. Education of adults in the household and the availability of infrastructure are other important determinants of children's growth attainment. Finally, even controlling for income and other household and community characteristics, ethnicity remains an important determinant of child nutritional status. The study also reveals an increasing prevalence of excess weights and obesity among children and adults. Overnutrition tends to be higher among individuals living in urban areas and among non-poor and non-indigenous households. This paper-a product of the Human Development Sector Unit, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of a larger effort in the region to study poverty and human development processes.
NIH Publication
Author: Evaluation of the Rural Agroindustry Development Programme (PRODAR)
Author: Publisher: IICA Biblioteca Venezuela
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
Book Description
Identification and Estimation of 'irregular' Correlated Random Coefficient Models
Author: Bryan S. GrahamPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
In this paper we study identification and estimation of the causal effect of a small change in an endogenous regressor on a continuously-valued outcome of interest using panel data. We focus on the average partial effect (APE) over the full population distribution of unobserved heterogeneity (e.g., Chamberlain, 1984; Blundell and Powell, 2003; Wooldridge, 2005a). In our basic model the outcome of interest varies linearly with a (scalar) regressor, but with an intercept and slope coefficient that may vary across units and over time in a way which depends on the regressor. This model is a special case of Chamberlain's (1980b, 1982, 1992a) correlated random coefficients (CRC) model, but not does not satisfy the regularity conditions he imposes. Irregularity, while precluding estimation at parametric rates, does not result in a loss of identification under mild smoothness conditions. We show how two measures of the outcome and regressor for each unit are sufficient for identification of the APE as well as aggregate time trends. We identify aggregate trends using units with a zero first difference in the regressor or, in the language of Chamberlain (1980b, 1982), 'stayers' and the average partial effect using units with non-zero first differences or 'movers'. We discuss extensions of our approach to models with multiple regressors and more than two time periods. We use our methods to estimate the average elasticity of calorie consumption with respect to total outlay for a sample of poor Nicaraguan households (cf., Strauss and Thomas, 1995; Subramanian and Deaton, 1996). Our CRC average elasticity estimate declines with total outlay more sharply than its parametric counterpart.
Food and Revolution
Author: Christiane BerthPublisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822987406
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 269
Book Description
Food policy and practices varied widely in Nicaragua during the last decades of the twentieth century. In the 1970s and ‘80s, food scarcity contributed to the demise of the Somoza dictatorship and the Sandinista revolution. Although faced with widespread scarcity and political restrictions, Nicaraguan consumers still carved out spaces for defining their food choices. Despite economic crises, rationing, and war limiting peoples’ food selection, consumers responded with improvisation in daily cooking practices and organizing food exchanges through three distinct periods. First, the Somoza dictatorship (1936–1979) promoted culture and food practices from the United States, which was an option only for a minority of citizens. Second, the 1979 Sandinista revolution tried to steer Nicaraguans away from mass consumption by introducing an austere, frugal consumption that favored local products. Third, the transition to democracy between 1988 and 1993, marked by extreme scarcity and economic crisis, witnessed the re-introduction of market mechanisms, mass advertising, and imported goods. Despite the erosion of food policy during transition, the Nicaraguan revolution contributed to recognizing food security as a basic right and the rise of peasant movements for food sovereignty.
Fruit and Vegetables
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer-Preventive StrategiesPublisher: IARC
ISBN: 9789283230083
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 392
Book Description
This handbook shows that approximately one in ten cancers in western populations is due to an insufficient intake of fruit and vegetables, a finding that should encourage all organizations as well as governments to continue efforts to increase or maintain fruit and vegetable intake as an important objective of programs to improve nutrition to reduce the burden of cancer and other chronic diseases. The clearest evidence of a cancer-protective effect of eating more fruits is for stomach and esophageal cancers. Similarly, a higher intake of vegetables probably reduces the incidence of cancer of esophagus and colon-rectum. Fruit and vegetables contain many nutrients; they also contain other bioactive compounds that may influence many aspects of human biology and related disease processes.
A Review of the United States Role in International Biomedical Research and Communications
Author: Mary E. CorningPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biology
Languages : en
Pages : 472
Book Description
EASTERN EUROPE Major Manufacturers
Author: Publisher: Business Information Agency
ISBN: 1418785180
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 404
Book Description
Rural Agroindustry in Latin America
Author: Edward J. WeberPublisher: IDRC
ISBN: 0889368406
Category : Agricultural development projects
Languages : en
Pages : 161
Book Description
Rural Agroindustry in Latin America: An evaluation of the PRODAR network