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Author: Lionel L. Siame Publisher: Geological Society of America ISBN: 0813724155 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
"In situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides can provide chronologies of environmental change over the past few thousand to several millions of years and may be used to quantify a wide range of weathering and sediment transport processes. These nuclides are thus now used across a broad spectrum of earth science disciplines, including paleoclimatology, geomorphology, and active tectonics. This book is organized around sections that focus on specific aspects of the utilization of cosmogenic nuclides in earth sciences: (1) development of new methods for application of in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (burial dating methods, extending their utilization to carbonate-rich and mafic environments); (2) glacial geology (Laurentide Ice Sheet, northern Alps); (3) active tectonics, focusing on applications to constrain slip rates of active faults in Asia (Tibet and Mongolian Gobi-Altay); and (4) landscape development (quantifying sediment production or erosion rates and processes and application of exposure dating to landslides in Hong Kong)."--Publisher's website.
Author: Lionel L. Siame Publisher: Geological Society of America ISBN: 0813724155 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
"In situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides can provide chronologies of environmental change over the past few thousand to several millions of years and may be used to quantify a wide range of weathering and sediment transport processes. These nuclides are thus now used across a broad spectrum of earth science disciplines, including paleoclimatology, geomorphology, and active tectonics. This book is organized around sections that focus on specific aspects of the utilization of cosmogenic nuclides in earth sciences: (1) development of new methods for application of in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (burial dating methods, extending their utilization to carbonate-rich and mafic environments); (2) glacial geology (Laurentide Ice Sheet, northern Alps); (3) active tectonics, focusing on applications to constrain slip rates of active faults in Asia (Tibet and Mongolian Gobi-Altay); and (4) landscape development (quantifying sediment production or erosion rates and processes and application of exposure dating to landslides in Hong Kong)."--Publisher's website.
Author: Tibor J. Dunai Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139487183 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
This is the first book to provide a comprehensive and state-of-the-art introduction to the novel and fast-evolving topic of in-situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. It presents an accessible introduction to the theoretical foundations, with explanations of relevant concepts starting at a basic level and building in sophistication. It incorporates, and draws on, methodological discussions and advances achieved within the international CRONUS (Cosmic-Ray Produced Nuclide Systematics) networks. Practical aspects such as sampling, analytical methods and data-interpretation are discussed in detail and an essential sampling checklist is provided. The full range of cosmogenic isotopes is covered and a wide spectrum of in-situ applications are described and illustrated with specific and generic examples of exposure dating, burial dating, erosion and uplift rates, and process model verification. Graduate students and experienced practitioners will find this book a vital source of information on the background concepts and practical applications in geomorphology, geography, soil-science, and geology.
Author: T. J. Dunai Publisher: ISBN: 9780511677526 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
The first comprehensive, state-of-the-art introduction to the fast-evolving topic of in-situ produced cosmogenic nuclides, for graduate students and practitioners.
Author: Darin Maurice Desilets Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cosmic ray variations Languages : en Pages : 500
Book Description
Applications of in situ cosmogenic nuclides to problems in Quaternary geology require increasingly accurate and precise knowledge of nuclide production rates. Production rates depend on the terrestrial cosmic-ray intensity, which is a function of the elevation and geomagnetic coordinates of a sample site and the geomagnetic field intensity. The main goal of this dissertation is to improve the accuracy of cosmogenic dating by providing better constraints on the spatial variability of production rates.In this dissertation I develop a new scaling model that incorporates the best available cosmic-ray data into a framework that better describes the effects of elevation and geomagnetic shielding on production rates. This model is based on extensive measurements of energetic nucleon fluxes from neutron monitor surveys and on more limited data from low-energy neutron surveys. A major finding of this work is that neutron monitors yield scaling factors different from unshielded proportional counters. To verify that the difference is real I conducted an airborne survey of low-energy neutron fluxes at Hawaii (19.7ʻ N 155.5ʻ W) to compare with a nearby benchmark neutron monitor survey. Our data confirm that the attenuation length is energy dependent and suggest that the scaling factor for energetic nucleons is 10% higher between sea level and 4000 m than for low-energy neutrons at this location. An altitude profile of cosmogenic 36Cl production from lava flows on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, support the use of neutron flux measurements to scale production rates but these data do not have enough precision to confirm or reject the hypothesis of energy-dependent scaling factors.
Author: Lionel L. Siame Publisher: ISBN: 9780813724157 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
"In situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides can provide chronologies of environmental change over the past few thousand to several millions of years and may be used to quantify a wide range of weathering and sediment transport processes. These nuclides are thus now used across a broad spectrum of earth science disciplines, including paleoclimatology, geomorphology, and active tectonics. This book is organized around sections that focus on specific aspects of the utilization of cosmogenic nuclides in earth sciences: (1) development of new methods for application of in situ-produced cosmogenic nuclides (burial dating methods, extending their utilization to carbonate-rich and mafic environments); (2) glacial geology (Laurentide Ice Sheet, northern Alps); (3) active tectonics, focusing on applications to constrain slip rates of active faults in Asia (Tibet and Mongolian Gobi-Altay); and (4) landscape development (quantifying sediment production or erosion rates and processes and application of exposure dating to landslides in Hong Kong)."--Publisher's website.
Author: Marissa M. Tremblay Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 137
Book Description
Cosmogenic nuclides, which are produced in the uppermost few meters of the Earth's crust by cosmic-ray particle interactions with atomic nuclei, are commonly used to quantify the rates and timing of surface processes. Some of the first terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide measurements revealed that the cosmogenic noble gases 3He and 21Ne are diffusively lost at Earth surface temperatures in common silicate minerals like quartz and feldspars. Viewed as a fatal limitation for geologic applications since then, the open-system behavior of cosmogenic noble gases can, in fact, be exploited to quantitatively reconstruct temperatures at the surfaces of Earth and other planetary bodies. In Chapter 1, I develop a theoretical framework for using cosmogenic noble gases as a paleothermometer based on the principles and mathematics underlying radiogenic noble gas thermochronometry. With this framework and published information on the diffusion kinetics of helium and neon in quartz and feldspars, I demonstrate that cosmogenic 3He-in-quartz measurements could be used to constrain past surface temperatures at high latitudes and elevations on Earth, while 21Ne-in-feldspar measurements could be used to constrain past surface temperatures at lower latitudes and elevations, and on other planetary bodies. I then explore the applicability of these published diffusion kinetics through a series of stepwise degassing experiments on quartz (Chapter 2) and feldspars (Chapter 3) containing initially uniform distributions of proton-induced 3He and 21Ne. These experiments reveal that 3He and 21Ne diffusion kinetics vary significantly across samples of different geologic origin, and that in many cases quartz and feldspars exhibit complex diffusion behavior mani- fest as nonlinearity in Arrhenius plots. The origin of this complex behavior is indeterminate, but I demonstrate that it is not caused by temperature-dependent structural transformations or anisotropy and that it is not an artifact of proton irradiation. Instead, complex diffusion behavior appears to be controlled by some intrinsic, sample-specific material property. I also demonstrate that we can mathematically model complex diffusion behavior, and use geologic examples with simple exposure and temperature histories to validate this mathematical model. Having laid out the theoretical and experimental backbone of cosmogenic noble gas paleothermometry, in Chapter 4 I present two applications of the technique to problems in paleoclimate and planetary science. In the first application, I use cosmogenic 3He and 10Be observations in quartz from a series of nested moraines in the Maritime Italian Alps to reconstruct temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). I demonstrate that temperatures reconstructed from the cosmogenic 3He observations are consistent with temperatures expected for this region since the LGM from a global circulation model (GCM) and other proxy data, but that additional constraints are necessary to fully interpret this dataset. In the second application, I use observations of cosmogenic neon isotopes in plagioclase feldspars from lunar sample 76535 to demonstrate that this sample only experienced solar heating during its 142 million year residency at the lunar surface. This constraint on the thermal history of 76535 agrees with existing argon measurements and confirms the fidelity of paleomagnetic measurements in the same sample, which have been used to demonstrate that the Moon had an early core dynamo.
Author: Naki Akçar Publisher: Mdpi AG ISBN: 9783036571485 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This Special Issue of Geosciences focuses on the application of the cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne, 26Al and 36Cl) in diverse disciplines in the field of earth sciences, as well as on improvements in sampling, analytical sample preparation and analytical techniques. After the past three decades, and nearly 70 years after the first application, cosmogenic nuclides have become an amazingly versatile tool for Earth scientists to disentangle the unsolved pieces of Earth's history during the Quaternary. Today, Earth scientists apply cosmogenic nuclides to establish the timing of Quaternary ice volume fluctuations, and volcanic and palaeoseismic events, to gauge surface and/or rock uplift and denudation rates and to reconstruct terrace chronologies, as well as to determine the rates and styles of local and large-scale erosion, soil development and landscape evolution.
Author: Lionel L. Siame
Author: Lionel L. Siame
Author: Tibor J. Dunai
Author: T. J. Dunai
Author: Darin Maurice Desilets
Author: Lionel L. Siame
Author: Marissa M. Tremblay
Author: Yehouda Enzel
Author: I. J. Graham
Author: Naki Akçar
Author: