Improving Transit Productivity and Cost-effectiveness PDF Download

Author: United States. Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Office of Budget and Policy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bus travel
Languages : en
Pages : 88

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Local transit
Languages : en
Pages : 178

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Author: Maged Mohamed Dessouky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paratransit services
Languages : en
Pages : 51

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We study the impact on productivity of specific operating practices currently used by demand responsive transit (DRT) providers. We investigate the effect of using a zoning vs. a no zoning strategy and time window settings on performance measures such as total trip miles, deadhead miles and fleet size. It is difficult to establish closed form expressions to assess the impact on the performance measures of a specific zoning practice or time-window setting for a real transportation network. Thus, we conduct this study through a simulation model of the operations of DRT providers on a network based on data for DRT service in Los Angeles County. However, the methodology is quite general and applicable to any other service area. Our results suggest the existence of linear relationships between operating practices and performance measures. In particular we observe that for each minute increase in time window size the service saves approximately 2 vehicles and 260 miles driven and that a no zoning strategy is able to satisfy the same demand by employing 60 less vehicles and driving 10,000 less total miles with respect to the current zoning strategy.

Author: John R. Duffe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Local transit
Languages : en
Pages : 62

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Author: Public Technology, inc
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Local transit
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Author: David W. Gillen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buses
Languages : en
Pages : 87

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Urban transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 596

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Author: Cem Karayalcin
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484350057
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 30

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The process of economic development is characterized by substantial reallocations of resources across sectors. In this paper, we construct a multi-sector model in which there are barriers to the movement of labor from low-productivity traditional agriculture to modern sectors. With the barrier in place, we show that improvements in productivity in modern sectors (including agriculture) or reductions in transportation costs may lead to a rise in agricultural employment and through terms-oftrade effects may harm subsistence farmers if the traditional subsistence sector is larger than a critical level. This suggests that policy advice based on the earlier literature needs to be revised. Reducing barriers to mobility (through reductions in the cost of skill acquisition and institutional changes) and improving the productivity of subsistence farmers needs to precede policies designed to increase the productivity of modern sectors or decrease transportation costs.

Author: Javier Morales Sarriera
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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This thesis covers several topics related to transit costs, productivity, efficiency, and benefits. We first show that labor productivity growth among transit agencies in the United States is slow or stagnant, and it is significantly lower than productivity growth in most industries. According to Baumol's cost disease theory, this leads to a spiraling trend in cost escalation over time and it is a threat to long run financial sustainability. In fact, we find that transit costs increase not only above the inflation rate but above the rate predicted by Baumol's theory, which is evidence of additional compounding factors, such as the bargaining power of labor unions, and political or managerial issues. First, we extend the analysis to calculate total factor productivity, and the results validate the findings of sluggish labor productivity growth. The calculations also reveal that while productivity may grow with efficiency gains, these gain are bounded by a frontier, and, in the long run, the inherent nature of low productivity growth in the transit sector will continue to drive transit costs faster than other sectors. We also assess whether contracting out transit operations alleviates the implications of Baumol's cost disease, and the results show that in spite of lower average costs, contracted service also has significant cost escalation over the long run, evidence that the implications also apply to the private delivery of transit service. In addition, we also consider other sectors within the larger transportation industry and analyze whether productivity and costs follow the same pattern predicted by Baumol's cost disease. The results vary widely, from vehicle maintenance on the one hand (with low productivity growth and high cost increase) to automobile manufacturing on the other hand. The transit construction industry also shows signs of Baumol's cost disease, but not as severe as those for transit operations. Finally, despite the spiraling nature of transit costs, we also show that the internal and external benefits of transit tend to grow over time, which can justify higher fares and additional subsidy. Although there is no clear antidote to Baumol's cost disease, policymakers should recognize that as the economy becomes more productive and prosperous overall, it can continue to support growing levels of transit service in recognition of its growing external benefits, despite its inherent nature of stagnant productivity growth.

Author: American Society of Traffic and Transportation. Ohio Chapter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 68

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