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Author: Magdalena Masello Souza Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The objectives of the studies presented in Section I were to evaluate insemination dynamics, time to pregnancy, and profitability of replacement dairy heifers managed with first service programs that relied primarily on insemination at detected estrus (AIE), timed-artificial insemination (TAI), or a combination of both. The objectives of the experiments presented in Section II were; to develop and validate a tool integrating a disposable fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) coupled with a portable imaging device to determine the reproductive status of cows based on circulating progesterone (P4) concentration; to test the efficacy of intravaginal (IVG) administration of prostaglandin-F2_ (PGF) to induce corpus luteum (CL) regression; and to develop and validate an electronically-controlled hormone delivery device for reproductive control of cattle. The studies presented in Section I demonstrated that a reproductive management strategy designed to submit all heifers to TAI reduced time to first AI and time to pregnancy when compared with a strategy that relied primarily on AIE after induction of estrus with PGF treatments. The program that combined AIE and TAI resulted in intermediate performance. In spite of greater reproductive cost, programs that used TAI in combination with AIE or solely TAI reduced rearing cost and generated more revenue during first lactation, which translated in numerically greater cash flow under fixed or simulated market conditions. The first experiment of Section II demonstrated that the developed LFIA system can accurately predict the presence of a functional CL (i.e., P4 ≥ 1 ng/mL) using bovine plasma samples. Additional improvements of this assay may lead to the development of a rapid, low-cost, cow-side tool for determination of reproductive status of cattle. The other experiments presented in Section II demonstrated that two IVG treatments of PGF 12 hours apart resulted in similar luteal regression risk, estrus expression, ovulatory response to GnRH, and pregnancy per AI compared with that observed after a single intramuscular dose of PGF. Further, we demonstrated that the current IVG prototype device for hormone delivery can be programmed to automatically release PGF for successful induction of luteal regression in cattle. Once optimized, the developed IVG device may be an alternative too to the needle-injection methods presently used to synchronize ovulation of cows.
Author: Magdalena Masello Souza Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The objectives of the studies presented in Section I were to evaluate insemination dynamics, time to pregnancy, and profitability of replacement dairy heifers managed with first service programs that relied primarily on insemination at detected estrus (AIE), timed-artificial insemination (TAI), or a combination of both. The objectives of the experiments presented in Section II were; to develop and validate a tool integrating a disposable fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) coupled with a portable imaging device to determine the reproductive status of cows based on circulating progesterone (P4) concentration; to test the efficacy of intravaginal (IVG) administration of prostaglandin-F2_ (PGF) to induce corpus luteum (CL) regression; and to develop and validate an electronically-controlled hormone delivery device for reproductive control of cattle. The studies presented in Section I demonstrated that a reproductive management strategy designed to submit all heifers to TAI reduced time to first AI and time to pregnancy when compared with a strategy that relied primarily on AIE after induction of estrus with PGF treatments. The program that combined AIE and TAI resulted in intermediate performance. In spite of greater reproductive cost, programs that used TAI in combination with AIE or solely TAI reduced rearing cost and generated more revenue during first lactation, which translated in numerically greater cash flow under fixed or simulated market conditions. The first experiment of Section II demonstrated that the developed LFIA system can accurately predict the presence of a functional CL (i.e., P4 ≥ 1 ng/mL) using bovine plasma samples. Additional improvements of this assay may lead to the development of a rapid, low-cost, cow-side tool for determination of reproductive status of cattle. The other experiments presented in Section II demonstrated that two IVG treatments of PGF 12 hours apart resulted in similar luteal regression risk, estrus expression, ovulatory response to GnRH, and pregnancy per AI compared with that observed after a single intramuscular dose of PGF. Further, we demonstrated that the current IVG prototype device for hormone delivery can be programmed to automatically release PGF for successful induction of luteal regression in cattle. Once optimized, the developed IVG device may be an alternative too to the needle-injection methods presently used to synchronize ovulation of cows.
Author: Peter J. H. Ball Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1405148012 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Cattle play a fundamental role in animal agriculture throughout the world. They not only provide us with a vital food source, but they also provide us with fertilizer and fuel. Keeping reproduction levels at an optimum level is therefore essential, but this is often a complicated process, especially with modern, high yielding cows. Written in a practical and user-friendly style, this book aims to help the reader understand cattle reproduction by explaining the underlying physiology of the reproductive process and the role and importance of pharmacology and technology, and showing how management techniques can improve reproductive efficiency. This edition includes: Recent research findings on the physiology of the oestrous cycle and its control; New techniques for monitoring and manipulating reproduction, including pregnancy diagnosis and embryo transfer; Advice on identifying common infertility problems and how to prevent and treat them. Reproduction Cattle 3e is essential reading for veterinary and agricultural students, as well as veterinarians and farmers involved in cattle reproduction.
Author: Giorgio Presicce Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128171081 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 307
Book Description
Reproductive Technologies in Animals provides the most updated and comprehensive knowledge on the various aspects and applications of reproductive technologies in production animals as well as companion, wild, exotic, and laboratory animals and birds. The text synthesizes historical information and recent discoveries, while dealing with economical and geographical issues related to the implementation of the same technologies. It also presents the effects of reproductive technology implementation on animal welfare and the possible threat of pathogen transmission.Reproductive Technologies in Animals is an important resource for academics, researchers, professionals in public and private animal business, and students at the undergraduate and graduate levels, as it gives a full and detailed first-hand analysis of all species subjected to the use of reproductive technologies. - Provides research from a team of scientists and researchers whose expertise spans all aspects of animal reproductive technologies - Addresses the use of reproductive technologies in a wide range of animal species - Offers a complete description and historical background for each species described - Discusses successes and failure as well as future challenges in reproductive technologies
Author: Emily Marie Sitko Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Research presented in this thesis aimed at improving the efficiency of dairy farms through the development of targeted reproductive management strategies (TRM) based on genomically enhanced predictions of fertility, and the elucidation of associations between genetic merit for fertility and biological outcomes that affect dairy cow reproductive performance.Chapter II and III present the results of an experiment designed to compare the association between genetic merit for fertility and reproductive and profitability outcomes of cows submitted for artificial insemination (AI) with management programs that prioritized AI at detected estrus (AIE) or timed AI (TAI). Another objective was to determine if cows with different genetic potential for fertility would present a distinct response to the strategies compared. The study presented in Chapter IV and V characterized associations between genetic merit for fertility and biological parameters known to alter reproductive performance of cows. Results presented in Chapter II and III indicated that primiparous Holstein cows of superior genetic merit for fertility had better reproductive performance than cows of inferior genetic merit for fertility regardless of the type of reproductive management used. In addition, the effect of TRM based on genetic merit for fertility on reproductive performance depended on the outcome or sets of outcomes of interest evaluated. For example, cows of superior and intermediate genetic merit for fertility had greater P/AI when managed with the predominant TAI program but reduced days to pregnancy when managed with the program that prioritized AIE. Cows of inferior fertility also had greater first service P/AI with the program that prioritized TAI but had similar days to pregnancy with both management strategies. From an economic standpoint, cows of inferior fertility had greater cash flow than cows of superior fertility. For cows in specific fertility groups, the effects of the reproductive management strategies compared generated differences in cash flow of potential value for commercial dairy farms. The study presented in Chapter IV and V demonstrated a potential association of genomic merit for fertility with physiological and endocrine parameters known to affect reproductive performance of dairy cows. Particularly, cows of inferior genetic merit for fertility had poorer uterine health, decreased response to synchronization of estrus and ovulation, and were more likely to present altered ovarian and hormonal phenotypes that led to more frequent expression of atypical estrous cycles as compared with cows of superior genetic merit for fertility. Overall, we observed that genetically enhanced predictions of fertility might be a suitable tool for decision making in TRM. Additionally, the value of TRM programs for cows of different genetic merit for fertility might be on improving aspects of herd management such as simplifying program implementation or reducing reliance on hormonal interventions while maintaining acceptable levels of reproductive performance. An improved understanding of biological differences associated with genetic variation, such as our observations in Chapter IV and V, may be beneficial for the development of novel TRM and technologies to improve the reproductive efficiency of dairy cattle. This novel information could also support the development of new traits for selection of fertility.
Author: A. R. Peters Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell ISBN: 9780632038275 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
Came play a fundamental role in animal agriculture throughout the world. They not only provide us with a vital food source, but also with fertilizer and fuel. Keeping reproduction at an optimum level is therefore essential, but this is often a complicated process, especially with modern, high yielding cows. Written in a practical and user-friendly style, this book aims to help the reader understand cattle reproduction by explaining the underlying physiology of the reproductive process and the role and importance of pharmacology and technology, and by showing how management techniques can improve reproductive efficiency. Reproduction in Cattle is essential reading for veterinary and agricultural students, as well as veterinarians and farmers involved in cattle reproduction. Book jacket.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 194
Book Description
Proceedings of a final research co-ordination meeting, Vienna, 5-9 September 1988. The 13 individual papers presented at the meeting are included in this publication and represent a synthesis of the work carried out under the co-ordinated research programme initiated in 1982 with the aim of stimulating studies to characterize and improve the reproductive performance of indigenous cattle under the diverse environmental and management conditions prevailing in developing countries.
Author: L. H. Anderson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cattle Languages : en Pages : 2
Book Description
"Understanding proper heifer development is key to improving reproductive efficiency and profitability in a beef cattle operation. The first step toward achieving reproductive efficiency is to properly manage reproduction in yearling heifers"-- Page 1.
Author: Ian Gordon Publisher: CABI ISBN: 178064602X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
Building on the successful structure of the first edition, the second edition of Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals has been totally updated and revised to provide an up to date account of the key techniques employed in manipulating reproduction in farm animals, including beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffaloes, camelids, horses and poultry. A classic introductory text to the subject, the book is based on a comprehensive review of the current literature. This text remains key reading for students in animal science, agriculture, veterinary medicine and biology, and veterinary practitioners and farmers who wish to keep updated on developments in techniques that may be useful in their daily practice.
Author: Magdalena Masello Souza
Author: Magdalena Masello Souza
Author: Peter J. H. Ball
Author: Giorgio Presicce
Author: Emily Marie Sitko
Author: D. J. Ambrose
Author: A. R. Peters
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Abdalla A. Zaied
Author: L. H. Anderson
Author: Ian Gordon