Improving Corn and Soybean Yield Through Fertility and Weed Management Practices PDF Download

Author: Nathan D. Mueller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Winter annual weeds (WAW) could affect nitrogen supply for corn production. The objectives of first study were to determine the diversity and abundance of WAW and to evaluate the effect of delaying herbicide applications on nitrogen supply and no-till corn response. Research was conducted in 2010 and 2011 at 14 sites in eastern Kansas. A factorial arrangement of three herbicide application dates (Nov.-Mar., April, and May) and five N rates were used. The three most abundant WAW across sites were henbit, purslane speedwell, and horseweed. Delaying herbicide application until April significantly reduced early corn N uptake by 52 mg N plant−1, chlorophyll meter readings at silking by 3.4%, and grain yield by 0.48 Mg ha−1 across sites. An additional 16 to 17 kg N ha−1 was needed to maintain yield if herbicide application was delayed until April. Starter and foliar micronutrient fertilization can potentially increase corn and soybean yield. The objectives of the second study were to evaluate crop response from combinations of starter and foliar fertilizers that contain N-P-K mixtures with and without a blend of micronutrients at four sites for each crop under irrigated conditions. No early corn growth or yield increase was attributed to application of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B) beyond what was achieved with N-P-K starter fertilization. There was an increase in soybean height (8 cm) and yield (293 kg ha−1) with starter fertilizer containing N-P-K plus micronutrients over the control. No increase in corn or soybean yield was obtained with foliar fertilization. The objective of the third study was to compare soil mobility and changes in soybean nutrient concentration in the leaf and seed from Mn and Zn sources (EDTA and oxysulfate) at two sites. Zinc sources were more mobile in the soil. Both Zn sources increased seed Zn concentration. Manganese oxysulfate increased seed Mn concentration. However, soybean trifoliolate leaf and seed Mn concentration decreased with soil-applied Na2EDTA and MnEDTA. This response was attributed to formation of FeEDTA and increased Fe supply that reduced root Mn absorption. Manganese EDTA is not recommended for soil application.

Author: Robert L. Zimdahl
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470290102
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 235

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Book Description
For the past 20 years, the first edition of this text has been widely cited as authoritative academic reference. The latest edition continues the tradition set by the original book, and covers weed science research that has been published since 1980. This book aims to reduce the instance of research duplication—saving scientists and supporting institutions time and money. Not only does the second edition of Weed Crop Competition review, summarize, and combine current research; it critiques the research as well. This text has the potential to accelerate advancements in weed crop competition, which remains an important factor that affects crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to literature is often limited or nonexistent, will find the information in this text invaluable. Weed scientists, crop scientists, plant ecologists, sustainable agriculturists, and organic agriculturists will be well-pleased with this long overdue and much needed new editionWeed Crop Competition provides a unique reference that reviews, summarises and synthesizes the literature published concerning research on this topic. The first edition has been one of the most frequently cited sources in weed science for the past 20 years. The second edition covers the significant body of literature that has been published since 1980. Originally intended to survey existing research, the intent of the book is to reduce the instance of research duplication, thus saving scientists and their institutions time and money, and expediting advancements in weed crop competition, an important factor affecting crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to the literature is often limited or non-existent, find the information an invaluable resource. This long overdue and much needed new edition rejuvenates the tradition set by the original book.

Author: Charles L. Mohler
Publisher: Natural Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service (Nraes)
ISBN: 9781933395210
Category : Crop rotation
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Author: Jeffrey Andrew Liebert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Cultural practices are an integral component of a multi-tactic approach to weed management. In cover crop-based organic rotational no-till soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production, these practices play a particularly important role in the absence of mechanical weed management. In this system, a fall-planted winter cereal cover crop, such as cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), is mechanically terminated with a roller-crimper in the spring to create a layer of mulch. Soybean is then no-till planted through the mulch, which serves as the primary form of weed suppression. Species and cultivar selection, planting date, planting rate, timing of termination, and fertility management are all common cultural practices that can be used to enhance the weed suppression effects provided by these fall-planted cover crops. Previous research has focused on adjusting these practices to maximize cereal rye biomass and create a thick layer of mulch. However, high biomass production can be difficult to achieve, and thick mulch can impede adequate seed-to-soil contact during soybean planting. To overcome the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, our research investigated cultural practices that enhance shading before and after no-till planting soybean. In this way, our research aimed to optimize both early- and late-season weed suppression, which has the potential to improve soybean performance and economic profitability. Based on differences in plant height and leaf morphology, our first experiment assessed whether intercropping barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cereal rye would improve shading prior to termination and reduce weed biomass compared with either species in monoculture. In contrast to previous efforts to improve weed suppression through cover crop management, our approach was predicated on enhanced shading without a concomitant increase in biomass production. Conducted from 2012 to 2014 in central New York, the two species were seeded in a replacement series (barley:cereal rye, 0:100 , 50:50, and 100:0). Average weed biomass across all treatments in late summer ranged from 0.5 to 1.1 Mg ha-1 in 2013 and 0.6 to 1.3 Mg ha-1 in 2014. Although weed biomass tended to decrease as the proportion of cereal rye in the mixture increased, soybean population also decreased as the proportion of cereal rye increased in 2013. The results from our partial correlation analyses indicated that shading prior to cover crop termination explained more variation in weed biomass than cover crop biomass. Our second experiment examined the cultural practice of using high soybean planting rates to improve weed suppression by attaining canopy closure more rapidly and maximizing light interception. This tactic can minimize weed germination, decrease weed competitive ability, and reduce the fecundity of weeds that have emerged prior to terminating a cover crop with a rollercrimper, thereby improving long-term weed seedbank management. The experiment was conducted in 2014 in central (Aurora) and eastern (Hurley) New York, and planting rates of 198,000; 395,000; 595,000; 790,000; and 990,000 seeds ha-1 were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Weed biomass decreased and soybean yield increased as soybean population increased at both sites. An asymptotic relationship between increasing soybean population and yield was observed, and the maximum yields were estimated at 2,506 kg ha-1 in Aurora and 3,282 kg ha-1 in Hurley. Partial returns declined beyond the predicted economically optimal planting rates of 650,000 and 720,000 seeds ha-1 in Aurora and Hurley, respectively, as greater seed costs were no longer offset by an increase in soybean yield. Our research has demonstrated that there are meaningful gains to be made by optimizing cultural practices for both cover crop and soybean management. Enhancing early-season shading with cover crop mixtures has the potential to minimize the challenges associated with excessive biomass production, while still maintaining adequate weed suppression. As a complementary cultural practice, high soybean planting rates can improve late-season shading via earlier canopy closure, which contributes to enhanced weed suppression, higher yields, and greater profitability.

Author: Khawar Jabran
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119385512
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 435

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Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of cotton in the economy and cotton production around the world This book offers a complete look at the world’s largest fiber crop: cotton. It examines its effect on the global economy—its uses and products, harvesting and processing, as well as the major challenges and their solutions, recent trends, and modern technologies involved in worldwide production of cotton. Cotton Production presents recent developments achieved by major cotton producing regions around the world, including China, India, USA, Pakistan, Turkey and Europe, South America, Central Asia, and Australia. In addition to origin and history, it discusses the recent advances in management practices, as well as the agronomic challenges and the solutions in the major cotton producing areas of the world. Keeping a focus on global context, the book provides sufficient details regarding the management of cotton crops. These details are not limited to the choice of cultivar, soil management, fertilizer and water management, pest control, cotton harvesting, and processing. The first book to cover all aspects of cotton production in a global context Details the role of cotton in the economy, the uses and products of cotton, and its harvesting and processing Discusses the current state of cotton management practices and issues within and around the world’s cotton producing areas Provides insight into the ways to improve cotton productivity in order to keep pace with the growing needs of an increasing population Cotton Production is an essential book for students taking courses in agronomy and cropping systems as well as a reference for agricultural advisors, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the industry.

Author: Andy Clark
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437903797
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Author: Robert L Zimdahl
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0123815029
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Book Description
It is important that scientists think about and know their history - where they came from, what they have accomplished, and how these may affect the future. Weed scientists, similar to scientists in many technological disciplines, have not sought historical reflection. The technological world asks for results and for progress. Achievement is important not, in general, the road that leads to achievement. What was new yesterday is routine today, and what is described as revolutionary today may be considered antiquated tomorrow. Weed science has been strongly influenced by technology developed by supporting industries, subsequently employed in research and, ultimately, used by farmers and crop growers. The science has focused on results and progress. Scientists have been--and the majority remain--problem solvers whose solutions have evolved as rapidly as have the new weed problems needing solutions. In a more formal sense, weed scientists have been adherents of the instrumental ideology of modern science. That is an analysis of their work, and their orientation reveals the strong emphasis on practical, useful knowledge; on know how. The opposite, and frequently complementary orientation, that has been missing from weed science is an emphasis on contemplative knowledge; that is, knowing why. This book expands on and analyzes how these orientations have affected weed science's development. - The first analytical history of weed science to be written - Compares the development of weed science, entomology and plant pathology - Identifies the primary founders of weed science and describes their role

Author: Khawar Jabran
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128098821
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Book Description
Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. - Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case - Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques - Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future - Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts

Author: Hany El-Shemy
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533075341
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 502

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Book Description
Worldwide, soybean seed proteins represent a major source of amino acids for human and animal nutrition. Soybean seeds are an important and economical source of protein in the diet of many developed and developing countries. Soy is a complete protein and soyfoods are rich in vitamins and minerals.Soybean protein provides all the essential amino acids in the amounts needed for human health. Recent research suggests that soy may also lower risk of prostate, colon and breast cancers as well as osteoporosis and other bone health problems and alleviate hot flashes associated with menopause. This volume is expected to be useful for student, researchers and public who are interested in soybean.

Author: Arnold Bray Mashingaidze
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'It was concluded that cultural weed management techniques that enhance radiation capture by the crop were effective in suppressing weed growth and seed production and increasing crop yields and should be incorporated into smallholder farmer's production practices in a systematic manner as part of Integrated Weed Management and cropping system design.