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Author: Brian Thomas Campbell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Beef cattle Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
The overall goal of the studies described in this dissertation was to improve beef production of cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue either through management practices or through identifying markers for genetic selection. Experiment 1 investigated differences in spring and fall calving herds grazing endophyte infected tall fescue. This study determined that managing for a fall calving beef herd is the more productive and efficient system. This is due to increased reproductive efficiency as well as traditionally greater market prices at the time of weaning. A spring calving system will have faster growing calves, but the increased weight of the calves is not enough to offset the added value of more calves produced in the fall calving herd. Experiment 2 was a study to validate a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as a potential genetic marker found on the DRD2 gene. Steers with an AA genotype at this SNP have been shown to have greater prolactin levels and this study indicated that cows which have the AA genotype will have their first calf an average of 23 days earlier than cows with the GG genotype. Also when allelic frequency was examined it was shown that spring calving cows had a shift in allelic frequency away from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium towards the A allele. Experiment 3 used a genome wide association study (GWAS) to confirm the presence of other SNPs that may be used as markers for resistance to tall fescue toxicosis in beef cattle. Twenty four SNPs were identified with nine SNPs associated with birth weight and 15 associated with weaning weight. Some of the SNPs are found within genes associated with production and carcass traits such as average daily gain, acid detergent fiber intake, marbling, and fat thickness. The results of this study are very promising but more research needs to be completed. The SNPs that have been identified need to be validated.
Author: Brian Thomas Campbell Publisher: ISBN: Category : Beef cattle Languages : en Pages : 125
Book Description
The overall goal of the studies described in this dissertation was to improve beef production of cows grazing endophyte infected tall fescue either through management practices or through identifying markers for genetic selection. Experiment 1 investigated differences in spring and fall calving herds grazing endophyte infected tall fescue. This study determined that managing for a fall calving beef herd is the more productive and efficient system. This is due to increased reproductive efficiency as well as traditionally greater market prices at the time of weaning. A spring calving system will have faster growing calves, but the increased weight of the calves is not enough to offset the added value of more calves produced in the fall calving herd. Experiment 2 was a study to validate a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) as a potential genetic marker found on the DRD2 gene. Steers with an AA genotype at this SNP have been shown to have greater prolactin levels and this study indicated that cows which have the AA genotype will have their first calf an average of 23 days earlier than cows with the GG genotype. Also when allelic frequency was examined it was shown that spring calving cows had a shift in allelic frequency away from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium towards the A allele. Experiment 3 used a genome wide association study (GWAS) to confirm the presence of other SNPs that may be used as markers for resistance to tall fescue toxicosis in beef cattle. Twenty four SNPs were identified with nine SNPs associated with birth weight and 15 associated with weaning weight. Some of the SNPs are found within genes associated with production and carcass traits such as average daily gain, acid detergent fiber intake, marbling, and fat thickness. The results of this study are very promising but more research needs to be completed. The SNPs that have been identified need to be validated.
Author: Blake Robertson McDonald Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 65
Book Description
It is well known that fescue toxicosis has a negative impact on cattle productivity. These studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of fescue toxicosis on post-weaning beef steers, as well as the impact of T-Snip score on performance of steers and heifers. We hypothesized that cattle that consumed an E+ diet would perform lower than cattle that did not. We also hypothesized that the cattle coming off of an E+ diet would remain at a lower weight than those that did not throughout the feeding period. T-Snip scores were also believed to be indicative of animal performance while consuming an E+ diet. A two-phase feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the aforementioned effects. 306 crossbred steers (288.8 ± 3.81 kg) were blocked by weight, T-Snip score, and color, and assigned to one of two treatments. The grow phase consisted of the first 54 days of the experiment. Throughout this period, high roughage, growing diets were fed to the steers. The treatment group was fed a diet containing toxic tall fescue seed, whereas the control diet was fed a seed-free diet. The finishing phase was day 54-slaughter. In this period, all animals were fed a common, corn-based finishing diet. For the first phase of the experiment, there were no differences between treatments for initial bodyweight (IBW), DMI, dry matter intake as a % BW (DMPW), ADG, GF, or end bodyweight (EBW). There was however differences between T-Snip star scores among treatments. In the control group, animals with 2 and 3 stars had a higher ADG (P[less than or equal to]0.05) (1.74 kg vs. 1.68 kg) than animals with 0, 1, & 4 stars (1.59 kg, 1.53 kg vs. 1.53 kg). In the E+ group, animals with zero stars had the lowest ADG (1.42 kg), animals with 1 or 2 stars had an increased ADG (1.65 kg vs. 1.63 kg) and animals with 3 or 4 stars had the highest ADG (1.74 kg vs. 1.76 kg) (P[less than or equal to]0.05). In the finishing phase, control animals had increased DMI (P[less than]0.05) (8.33 kg vs. 7.82 kg). DMIPW, ADG, and EBW tended (P[less than]0.10) to be higher for the control groups. There were no differences between T-Snip star scores among treatments during the finishing phase. HCW was higher for control animals than E+ animals (P[less than or equal to]0.05) (343.01 kg vs. 331.13 kg) Marbling scores were lower in E+ animals than control (P[less than or equal to]0.05) (4.41 vs. 4.71) Carcass value was higher for control treatment than E+ (P[less than or equal to]0.05) ($1486.93 vs. $1420.68). The only difference among T-Snip star scores occurred in the control group, where 0 star animals had increased backfat (BF) (P[less than or equal to]0.05). In another study we evaluated if performance of beef heifers grazing E+ pasture differed among T-Snip score. It was hypothesized that as T-Snip score increased (increased tolerance to E+ tall fescue) average daily gain of heifers would increase. 180 angus-based commercial heifers (343.22±17.87 kg) grazed E+ tall fescue pasture for 75 days. Each animal had a hair sample taken and submitted for a T-Snip score and tolerance rating, where animals with 0-1 star were considered susceptible, animals with 2-3 stars were average, and animals with 4-5 stars were considered the most tolerant to fescue toxicosis. As hypothesized, there were differences in ADG between tolerance ratings. ADG for susceptible animals was 0.20 kg, average animals gained 0.25 kg, and the tolerant heifers gained 0.29 kg/d (P=0.07). Average daily gains were as expected for heifers grazing E+ tall fescue pastures. Heifers identified as tolerant had 45% greater average daily gain than heifers identified as intolerant. The objective of this study was to determine if genetic testing for fescue tolerance used in cows had relevance for calves as well. This research demonstrated that genetic selection to improve fescue tolerance could improve progeny performance.
Author: Craig A. Roberts Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 0891186379 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Fescue toxicosis continues to be one of the most devastating problems in forage–livestock agriculture. Because there is presently no cure, using the most up-to-date management and prevention approaches are crucial. The 2nd edition of this important guide presents an easy-to-understand description of this complex problem, along with recommendations that are practical for real farm use.
Author: Monte Rouquette Jr. Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128144750 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 364
Book Description
Management Strategies for Sustainable Cattle Production in Southern Pastures is a practical resource for scientists, students, and stakeholders who want to understand the relationships between soil-plant interactions and pasture management strategies, and the resultant performance of cow-calf and stocker cattle. This book illustrates the importance of matching cattle breed types and plant hardiness zones to optimize cattle production from forages and pastures. It explains the biologic and economic implications of grazing management decisions made to improve sustainability of pastures and cattle production while being compliant with present and future environmental concerns and cattle welfare programs. - Documents the effects of cattle grazing on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprints - Discusses strategies to enhance soil fertility, soil health, and nutrient cycling in pastures - Provides information on the use of stocking rates, stocking strategies and grazing systems to optimize cow-calf production of weaned calves and stockers. - Presents innovations in cattle supplementation and watering systems to minimize negative impacts on water and soil health - Includes methods for weed control to maintain pasture condition and ecosystem stability - Describes management strategies to integrate cattle operations with wildlife sustainability
Author: Michael J. Kasperbauer Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351087215 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 157
Book Description
This one-of-a-kind publication focuses on the improvement of the feed value of tall fescue and further extension of its adaptability under various environmental stresses. This fascinating work comprehensively explains cell and tissue culture methods which are used to establish somatic cell cultures, select among cells, and regenerate plants with the genetic characteristics of the selected cells. This up-to-date volume includes information on cultural haploid plants from immature pollen grains. It also evaluates the plants under various environmental stresses to identify genotypes with superior characteristics. This book also features research data on somatic tissue culture methods and doubled haploids. Biotechnology in Tall Fescue Improvement is an indispensable resource and useful text for all those involved with agronomy, plant physiology, horticultural science, crop science, and botany.
Author: Brandon Jermaine McClenton Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding endophyte-infected tall fescue seed to Angus steers on average daily gain, carcass characteristics, ergovaline concentration, lipid oxidation, hepatic enzyme activity, metmyoglobin reductase activity, and mitochondrial lipid composition. Animals were blocked into light, medium, and heavy body weight groups and were randomly assigned to either a KY31 seed treatment (6796 ppb ergovaline; 20 μg/kg BW; E+; n = 6) or a KY32 control ( 100 ppb; E-; n = 6). There was a 2- way treatment × time interaction effect on ADG (P
Author: Katlyn Nicole Niederecker Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
A 2-yr experiment was conducted researching the impact of common lower Midwestern beef cattle winter forage systems on late gestation, spring-calving beef cows and their subsequent calves. We hypothesized that cows grazing stockpiled tall fescue (STF) during late gestation would have increased nutrient intake compared to cows fed summer-baled tall fescue hay (HAY), which would result in improved fetal growth and development, as well as subsequent calf performance and metabolic status. Overall, cows consuming HAY lost more BCS prepartum than cows consuming STF. In yr 2 HAY cows gained more BW prepartum than STF cows, but there was no difference between forage systems in yr 1. Calves born to cows consuming HAY weighed less at birth than calves born to STF cows, suggesting decreased fetal growth. Despite this, in yr 2 there were no differences in calf vigor measures at birth or in triiodothyronine, thyroxine, or cortisol concentrations at 48 h. Additionally, calves born to HAY cows tended to weigh less at d 80 than STF in yr 1, but in yr 2 there was no difference. During yr 1 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was greater at 48 h for calves born to cows consuming STF and plasma glucose concentrations tended to be greater through weaning for STF calves. Despite this, impacts of late gestation maternal nutrition on calf amino acid concentrations at 48 h varied. In conclusion, grazing stockpiled tall fescue in late gestation appears to improve fetal growth and alter perinatal nutrient supply in calves.
Author: Brian Thomas Campbell
Author: Brian Thomas Campbell
Author: Steven Eric Myers
Author: Blake Robertson McDonald
Author: Craig A. Roberts
Author: Monte Rouquette Jr.
Author: Michael J. Kasperbauer
Author: Jamie Hawley
Author: Craig Arthur Roberts
Author: Brandon Jermaine McClenton
Author: Katlyn Nicole Niederecker