Improvements to Sample Introduction for Capillary Column Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry of Environmental Samples PDF Download

Author: Shili Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Author: Jose L. Tadeo
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420007750
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 382

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Book Description
Developing safety regulations for pesticides used around the world—in excess of 2.5 million tons annually—requires reliable analytical methods for assessing their impact in food and in the environment. Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples presents the most effective techniques for analyzing pesticide residues and other chemical contaminants in foods as well as in soil, water, and air. Renowned Scientists Report New Data and Advances in the Field The book introduces sample preparation, extraction, and analytical methods specific to each sample type, including foods from vegetal and animal origin. Other chapters discuss important aspects of quality assurance and the applicability of hyphenated analytical techniques. In addition to a practical chapter on the use of biosensors and immunoassays for monitoring and gathering exposure data, the book addresses regulatory aspects and presents current data on the levels of pesticides found in food and environmental matrices. Latest Methods Help Scientists Develop Safer, More Effective Pesticides Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples enables scientists to measure and predict the behavior and toxicity of pesticides with a higher degree of accuracy. The methodologies and insight in this timely work will contribute to the development of more effective, less toxic pesticides as well as better safety regulations.

Author: O. David Sparkman
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920152
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 633

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The second edition of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: A Practical Guide follows the highly successful first edition by F.G. Kitson, B.S. Larsen, and C.N. McEwen (1996), which was designed as an indispensible resource for GC/MS practitioners regardless of whether they are a novice or well experienced. The Fundamentals section has been extensively reworked from the original edition to give more depth of an understanding of the techniques and science involved with GC/MS. Even with this expansion, the original brevity and simple didactic style has been retained. Information on chromatographic peak deconvolution has been added along with a more in-depth understanding of the use of mass spectral databases in the identification of unknowns. Since the last edition, a number of advances in GC inlet systems and sample introduction techniques have occurred, and they are included in the new edition. Other updates include a discussion on fast GC and options for combining GC detectors with mass spectrometry. The section regarding GC Conditions, Derivatization, and Mass Spectral Interpretation of Specific Compound Types has the same number of compound types as the original edition, but the information in each section has been expanded to not only explain some of the spectra but to also explain why certain fragmentations take place. The number of Appendices has been increased from 12 to 17. The Appendix on Atomic Masses and Isotope Abundances has been expanded to provide tools to aid in determination of elemental composition from isotope peak intensity ratios. An appendix with examples on "Steps to follow in the determination of elemental compositions based on isotope peak intensities" has been added. Appendices on whether to use GC/MS or LC/MS, third-party software for use in data analysis, list of information required in reporting GC/MS data, X+1 and X+2 peak relative intensities based on the number of atoms of carbon in an ion, and list of available EI mass spectral databases have been added. Others such as the ones on derivatization, isotope peak patterns for ions with Cl and/or Br, terms used in GC and in mass spectrometry, and tips on setting up, maintaining and troubleshooting a GC/MS system have all been expanded and updated. Covers the practical instruction necessary for successful operation of GC/MS equipment Reviews the latest advances in instrumentation, ionization methods, and quantitation Includes troubleshooting techniques and a variety of additional information useful for the GC/MS practitioner A true benchtop reference A guide to a basic understanding of the components of a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) Quick References to data interpretation Ready source for information on new analyses

Author: Valeria Severino
Publisher: Arcler Press
ISBN: 9781773611358
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The presence of pollutants in the environment is a matter of debate since longtime. People are always more aware of the problem that is mainly related to anthropogenic compounds, and analytical methods able to detect low-amount pollutants are required. These compounds are strictly regulated by worldwide legislations aimed to develop accurate environmental risk assessment. Overall, environmental analysis is aimed to monitor and detect levels of contaminants in the water, atmosphere, soils, and other environmental conditions. One of the main challenges in this kind of analysis relies on the extreme complexity and variability of the sample to be analyzed. Compounds of interest, in fact, can be present in various matrices deeply variable according to the origin of collected samples. Indeed, a reliable and versatile analytical approach is necessary to overcome these challenging problems.Mass spectrometry (MS) is a wide used analytical technique in which ionized chemical species are sorted on the basis of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). MS is commonly used with qualitative and quantitative purposes, representing a high-performances instrument to be used in several fields. Moreover, mass spectrometers can be easily coupled to gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), thus resulting in an excellent sensitive and selective tool to perform environmental analysis. Currently, MS-based methods are commonly used for environmental analyses allowing an accurate and reproducible identification and quantitation of a huge variety of pollutants, even in low amounts. This book covers several MS-based approaches for environmental analysis, illustrating a first overview of commonly used platforms followed by some interesting examples of applications. The Section 1 reports current trends in environmental analysis, highlighting the state-of-the-art of international legislations and future perspectives. The Section 2 is an overview of MS-based methods and platforms currently used for environmental analysis. MS-based metabolomics, lipidomics and other classical approaches, along with their features and limitations, are described. Moreover, some specific techniques such as the targeted parallel reaction monitoring, are included. Finally, the Section 3 contains recent and innovative applications of MS-based methods for environmental analysis. Among others, MS-based approaches have been used for the multiple screening of 90 emerging contaminants in liquid and solid environmental matrices, and for the detection of pollutants as alkanolamines, thallium and pesticides.

Author: Leo M.L. Nollet
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315316196
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 650

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This detailed handbook covers different chromatographic analysis techniques and chromatographic data for compounds found in air, water, and soil, and sludge. The new edition outlines developments relevant to environmental analysis, especially when using chromatographic mass spectrometric techniques. It addresses new issues, new lines of discussion, and new findings, and develops in greater detail the aspects related to chromatographic analysis in the environment. It also includes different analytical methodologies, addresses instrumental aspects, and outlines conclusions and perspectives for the future.

Author: Pat Sandra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Peter Q. Tranchida
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012809639X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 516

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Book Description
Hyphenations of Capillary Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry provides comprehensive coverage of capillary chromatography with mass spectrometry—both single and multidimensional approaches. The book examines nearly all capillary chromatography approaches, combined with a variety of MS forms, giving readers a wide and detailed view on current-day analytical strategies and applications. Of particular focus are novel developments in the field of MS, such as the Orbitrap, HR ToF, ToF MS with variable electron-impact energy, fast MS-MS and APGC technology. Junior scientists conducting research on mono-dimensional chromatography-MS fundamental relationships and experienced analytical chemists working in conventional capillary chromatography and classical multidimensional chromatography will find this an ideal application-based reference on the hyphenations of these domains. Combines mass spectrometry with a range of chromatographic approaches Emphasizes the importance of both capillary chromatography and mass spectrometry methods, thus stimulating separation scientists to fully exploit both analytical dimensions Authored by two of the world’s leading analytical chemists who have a total of more than 40 years of experience in research and instruction

Author: Yolanda Picó
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031190939
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 383

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Book Description
This book reviews the latest advances in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques applied to food safety and environment quality, and it discusses the recent improvements in sample preparation and MS platforms for screening of emerging contaminants. Expert contributors discuss the current applications from omics to the screening of emerging contaminants and nanomaterials in food and environmental matrices, and particular attention is given to the opportunities that MS offers for guarantying food security and promoting the sustainable use of ecosystems. Divided into 13 chapters, the book covers topics such as the handling and preparation of food and environmental samples for MS, foodomics, environmental omics, ambient ionization techniques in food and environmental chemistry, and chip-based separation devices coupled to MS. Readers will also find a comprehensive overview of several MS techniques applied to food and environmental chemistry, including elemental, isotopic, chiral, ion mobility, chromatographic and imaging MS. This book will appeal not only to students and researchers, but also to professionals working with MS platforms in food safety and environmental quality. The different advances and promising applications described in this work will be of paramount importance for ensuring food safety and environment health for current and future generations.

Author: William M. White
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319393117
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1680

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The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.

Author: Robert L. Grob, PhD
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047165115X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1059

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The bible of gas chromatography-offering everything the professional and the novice need to know about running, maintaining, and interpreting the results from GC Analytical chemists, technicians, and scientists in allied disciplines have come to regard Modern Practice of Gas Chomatography as the standard reference in gas chromatography. In addition to serving as an invaluable reference for the experienced practitioner, this bestselling work provides the beginner with a solid understanding of gas chromatographic theory and basic techniques. This new Fourth Edition incorporates the most recent developments in the field, including entirely new chapters on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); optimization of separations and computer assistance; high speed or fast gas chromatography; mobile phase requirements: gas system requirements and sample preparation techniques; qualitative and quantitative analysis by GC; updated information on detectors; validation and QA/QC of chromatographic methods; and useful hints for good gas chromatography. As in previous editions, contributing authors have been chosen for their expertise and active participation in their respective areas. Modern Practice of Gas Chromatography, Fourth Edition presents a well-rounded and comprehensive overview of the current state of this important technology, providing a practical reference that will greatly appeal to both experienced chomatographers and novices.