Improvement of Selected Properties of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC) - Silane Modification of Wood Particles PDF Download

Author: Timo Grüneberg
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783869555614
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 191

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Author: Timo Grüneberg
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3736935617
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
Wood Polymer Composites are a new group of hybrid materials, which combine the advantages of synthetic polymers such as polyolefines and natural polymers such as wood; whereas the synthetic polymer is used as matrix material and the wood as reinforcement material or filler. As matrix material, principally every thermoplastic polymer with a processing temperature below 200°C can be used due to the temperature sensivity of wood. Wood Polymer Composites are processed typically with processing technologies from the plastic industry such as extrusion and injection molding. The present study was conducted to explore the possibility of wood particle modification with different types of silanes. It was the aim to contribute the silanes as compatibilizers or coupling agent and therefore improve the mechanical properties and the resistance against water. Norway spruce (Picea abies) as representative wood species was used in three different particle types. The size distribution for the wood particles ranges from 70-2500 µm. Four commercial available silanes with various functional groups (amino, di-amino, alkyl) were used as modification agents. The concentrations varied between 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 7.5%. As reference system commonly used maleated acid anhydride based coupling agents were used. The pre-treated wood particles were compounded via extrusion with polypropylene and samples were produced via injection and compression molding. The following properties were tested; tensile, bending, and impact strength, water uptake (cold and boiling water test), descent rate, weathering tests and durability test against basidiomycetes. SEM-EDX investigations proved the presence of silane either in the cell wall structure, or on the wood particle surface. Due to the structure and the functionality of the silanes it was expected that the silane treated wood particles are able to improve the mechanical properties. It was shown that the silanes had no significant effect as compatibilizer or coupling agent. The mechanical properties strongly increase with the usage of coupling agent. Both coupling agents were based on maleic acid anhydride grafted on a polymer backbone, whereas Type I reaches an optimum regarding the mechanical properties at 3%, the coupling agent Type II still improves the mechanical properties up to a ratio of 4.5% with no clear optimum. The silane pretreatment influences the improvement not significantly, compare to the improvement caused by the coupling agent. The used wood particles showed mechanical degradation during the compounding process. The biggest degradation was monitored for the wood particles of Lignocel® Type 9. Due to its fine structure it can be assumed that the Arbocel® C100 wood particles consist of only cell wall fragments of the wooden cell wall, which express a better resistance against mechanical destruction during the process. The Wood Polymer Composites showed a lower decay rate compared to solid wood. The moisture content within the Wood Polymer Composite samples ranges at the low optimum level for fungi attack and were not significantly improved by an accelerated wetting before the test. The core remains relatively dry. The main protection seems to come from the encapsulation by the polymer. The weathered Wood Polymer Composite samples showed a strong color change within a relatively short period of exposure. The color changed independently from the silane type or the silane ratio. Also an increase of cracks and gaps on the sample surface was observed compared to the unexposed sample and the pure polymer reference.

Author: David Butler Manning
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527682988
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 576

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Book Description
Based on the results of two bioenergy research initiatives in Germany, this reference examines the sustainable management of wood biomass in rural areas. The large number of participating organizations and research institutes ensures a balanced and unbiased view on the potentials and risks is presented, taking into account economic, ecological, and social aspects. Most of the results reported are available here for the first time in English and have been collated in central Europe, but are equally applicable to other temperate regions. They highlight best practices for enhancing dendromass potential and productivity, while discussing the implications on rural economies and ecosystems.

Author: K O Niska
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1845694570
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 383

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Book Description
Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials. - Provides a comprehensive survey of major new developments in wood-polymer composites - Reviews the key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials and manufacturing technologies - Discusses properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance

Author: Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789811616082
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268

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Book Description
This book comprehensively covers the different topics of wood polymer composite materials mainly synthesis methods for the composite materials, various characterization techniques to study the superior properties and insights on potential advanced applications. It also discusses the chemistry, fabrication process, properties, applications, recycling and life cycle assessment of wood polymer composites. This is a useful reference source for both engineers and researchers working in composite materials science as well as the students attending materials science, physics, chemistry and engineering courses.

Author: Somashekhar S. Hiremath
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811363749
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 619

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Book Description
This volume comprises select papers presented at the International Conference on Advances in Manufacturing Technology (ICAMT 2018). It includes contributions from different researchers and practitioners working in the field of advanced manufacturing technology. This book covers diverse topics of contemporary manufacturing technology including material processes, machine tools, cutting tools, robotics and automation, manufacturing systems, optimization technologies, 3D scanning and re-engineering, and 3D printing. Computer applications in design, analysis, and simulation tools for solving manufacturing problems at various levels starting from material designs to complex manufacturing systems are also discussed. This book will be useful for students, researchers, and practitioners working in the field of manufacturing technology.

Author: A. K. Bledzki
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781859573594
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Book Description
This report examines the different fibre types available and the current research. The authors have cited several hundred references to the latest work on properties, processing and applications. The different methods of fibre pretreatment are examined, together with fibre properties, chemistry and applications. This review is accompanied by summaries of papers from the Rapra Polymer Library database.

Author: Magdi El Messiry
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351800337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Book Description
Natural Fiber Textile Composite Engineering sheds light on the area of the natural fiber textile composites with new research on their applications, the material used, the methods of preparation, the different types of polymers, the selection of raw materials, the elements of design the natural fiber textile polymer composites for a particular end use, their manufacturing techniques, and finally their life cycle assessments (LCA). The volume also addresses the important issue in the materials science of how to utilize natural fibers as an enhancement to composite materials. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites have been proven to provide a combination of superior mechanical property, dielectric property, and environmental advantages such as renewability and biodegradability. Natural fibers, some from agricultural waste products, can replace existing metallic and plastic parts and help to alleviate the environmental problem of increasing amounts of agriculture residual. The book is divided into four sections, covering: applications of natural fiber polymer composites design of natural fiber polymer composites composite manufacturing techniques and agriculture waste manufacturing composite material testing methods The first section of the book deals with the application of textile composites in the industry and the properties of the natural fibers, providing an understanding of the history of natural fiber composites as well as an analysis of the different properties of different natural fibers. The second section goes on to explain the textile composites, their classification, different composite manufacturing techniques, and the different pretreatment methods for the natural fibers to be used in composite formation. It also analyzes the composite material design under different types of loading and the mechanism of failure of the natural fiber composite. The effect of the fiber volume fraction of different textile structures is explained. The third section of the book, on composite manufacturing techniques and agriculture waste manufacturing, concerns the natural fiber composite manufacturing techniques, agricultural waste, and the methods of their preparation to be used successfully in the composite, either in the form of fibers particles or nanoparticles. The book then considers the testing methods of the different composite components as well as the final composite materials, giving the principle of the testing standards, either distractive or nondestructive. This book attempts to fill the gap between the role of the textile engineer and the role of the designer of composites from natural fibers. It provides important information on the application of textile composites for textile engineers, materials engineers, and researchers in the area of composite materials.

Author: Alma THULE
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0857099221
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 409

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Book Description
The use of natural fibres as reinforcements in composites has grown in importance in recent years. Natural Fibre Composites summarises the wealth of significant recent research in this area. Chapters in part one introduce and explore the structure, properties, processing, and applications of natural fibre reinforcements, including those made from wood and cellulosic fibres. Part two describes and illustrates the processing of natural fibre composites. Chapters discuss ethical practices in the processing of green composites, manufacturing methods and compression and injection molding techniques for natural fibre composites, and thermoset matrix natural fibre-reinforced composites. Part three highlights and interprets the testing and properties of natural fibre composites including, non-destructive and high strain rate testing. The performance of natural fibre composites is examined under dynamic loading, the response of natural fibre composites to impact damage is appraised, and the response of natural fibre composites in a marine environment is assessed. Natural Fibre Composites is a technical guide for professionals requiring an understanding of natural fibre composite materials. It offers reviews, applications and evaluations of the subject for researchers and engineers. - Introduces and explores the structure, properties, processing, and applications of natural fibre reinforcements, including those made from wood and cellulosic fibres - Highlights and interprets the testing and properties of natural fibre composites, including non-destructive and high strain rate testing - Examines performance of natural fibre composites under dynamic loading, the response of natural fibre composites to impact damage, and the response of natural fibre composites in a marine environment

Author: Katsuyuki Wakabayashi
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 9780323445023
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Solid-state pulverization methods, which include solid-state shear pulverization (SSSP) and solid-state/melt extrusion (SSME), are unconventional polymer processing methods that are based on twin screw extrusion. The technology was originally employed to produce reduced particle size of polymeric materials, but recently has been successfully applied to mechanochemically modify plastics and fabricate polymer blends and nanocomposites on a commercially-scalable level.