Author: Keith Griffin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1349235431 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
'Readers will find in these pages a very lucid, creative, and highly readable version of many of the ideas that have taken shape through the medium of the Human Development Reports during the last four years. Busy policy makers all over the world will find this an indispensable primer.' - Mahbub ul Haq, from the preface. This book introduces the basic concepts of human development and presents policy guidelines for implementing a human development strategy in developing countries. Human development is seen both as an end in itself and as a means to increase the capabilities of people. The role of the state, the market and of people's participation in such a strategy are described. Specific chapters discuss the structure of incentives, allocation of public sector resources, structural reforms, the relationship of human development to environmental issues and finance and administration.
Author: Elliott R Morss Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429716958 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 177
Book Description
This book deals with problems frequently encoun-tered by agencies, managers, and technicians who try to implement large-scale development projects. Specifically, it focuses on the implementation problems associated with projects sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) and the World Bank in developing countries. Some historical background on how implementation problems became a focus of concern is presented below. Development assistance on a significant scale started with Marshall Plan aid to reconstruct Western Europe following World War II. [1] In that case, the donor (the United States) asked not to be part of the process that determined how the money was to be spent. Instead, the United States asked the West European countries to establish their own priorities for assistance (which they did after a considerable amount of inter-country negotiation).
Author: Carolyn Deere Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191615250 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
With the launch of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, its Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) emerged as a symbol of coercion in international economic relations. In the decade that followed, intellectual property became one of the most contentious topics of global policy debate. This book is the first full-length study of the politics surrounding what developing countries did to implement TRIPS and why. Based on a review of the evidence from 1995 to 2007, this book emphasises that developing countries exhibited considerable variation in their approach to TRIPS implementation. In particular, developing countries took varying degrees of advantage of the legal safeguards and options-commonly known as TRIPS 'flexibilities'-that the Agreement provides. To explain this variation, this book argues that TRIPS implementation must be understood as a complex political game played out among developing country governments and a range of stakeholders-developed countries, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), and industry groups. The contested nature of the TRIPS bargain spurred competing efforts to revise the terms of TRIPS and to influence global IP regulation more broadly. The intensity of the implementation game was amplified by an awareness among the various stakeholders that the IP reforms developing countries pursued would influence these ongoing international negotiations. The book attributes the variation in TRIPS implementation to the interplay between these global IP debates, international power pressures, and political dynamics within developing countries. The book includes historical analysis, compilations of evidence, and analysis supported by examples from across the developing world. The Implementation Game will be of interest both to scholars of international relations, law, and international political economy as well as to policymakers, commentators, and activists engaged in debates on the global governance of intellectual property.
Author: Ismail Sirageldin Publisher: EOLSS Publications ISBN: 1905839847 Category : Languages : en Pages : 278
Book Description
Sustainable Human Development in the Twenty-First Century is a component of Encyclopedia of Human Resources Policy, Development and Management in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty Encyclopedias. The volume of Human Development examines the state and nature of human development and identifies factors that determine its promotion for the twenty-first century. A general goal, since the ultimate goal for human development is to enhance the quality of human life. However, the concept “quality of human life” is not well defined. It is determined by a set of interrelated factors that cut across many disciplines with varied perspectives and paradigms. These include the prevailing culture, health status, economic performance, technological development, political and social conditions, the building of human capacity and capabilities, and institutional development on the local and global levels. For example, in an environment characterized by a better quality of human life, it is expected that people will be able to lead long and productive lives. They are also expected to enjoy good health, have access to knowledge and educational opportunities, and be treated by all with respect, in a socially equitable and dignified manner. In the sphere of political economy, they are expected to have the opportunity to participate in governance decisions that affect their lives and the community in which they live; and to have the potential to earn sufficient income to supply themselves with adequate nutrition, shelter, and other material and aesthetic needs. Furthermore, people are expected to maintain a sustainable environment and equitable social contracts across space and generations, especially in the context of the evolving global governance. The volume of “Sustainable Human Development in the Twenty-First Century” is divided into five topics which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter presented in two volumes. The first is “Major issues in Human Development” and provides an over view of the Topic with emphasis on the sociological foundation of human development. The second Topic, “Diversity and Historical Processes” reviews the historical and technological processes which have led to the present state of human diversity and differentiation. The third Topic, “Causes of Global Change” focuses on whether it is possible in the present global environment to enlarge people's capabilities so that economic progress may be translated into a multidimensional human happiness. The fourth Topic, “Consequences of Global Change” examines global change not in the narrow sense of short-term economic change, but rather as historical waves of long-term development. The fifth Topic on Planning Strategies reviews current practice and projects challenges in the next century. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309324882 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Author: United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Secretary's Committee on Mental Retardation Publisher: ISBN: Category : Intellectual disability Languages : en Pages : 116
Author: Paul C. Cozby Publisher: WCB/McGraw-Hill ISBN: Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
For undergradute social science majors. A textbook on the interpretation and use of research. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Author: James R Himes Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers ISBN: 9004638636 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This book considers one of the main umbrella articles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child: Article 4, dealing with the concept of the obligations of the States Parties to meet their commitments `to the maximum extent of their available resources and, where needed, within the framework of international cooperation'. The importance is emphasized of a broad interpretation of societal `resources', going well beyond the severely limited finances of governments in most developing countries and extending both to the international (official and non-governmental) levels and to the expanding civil societies of these nations. `Resources' are broadly defined to include human, technological, cultural and organizational capabilities as well as conventional economic resources. The thematic chapters give many examples of how such `resources' can be effectively mobilized for children, including the areas of education, health, nutrition and child labour.
Author: Keith Griffin
Author: Geoff Heinrich
Author: Elliott R Morss
Author: Carolyn Deere
Author: Gaye Burpee
Author: Ismail Sirageldin
Author: National Research Council
Author: United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Secretary's Committee on Mental Retardation
Author: Paul C. Cozby
Author: James R Himes